Category: Psychology

There are many interesting topics in the field of education. For this paper, you will have the
opportunity to research and discuss a topic that is of interest to you. There are ten topics provided
below that cover the major topics that have been or will be discussed throughout the course.
Although there are several topics included that we have not yet discussed, it is important that the
topic you choose is interesting and personally relevant to you. Therefore, if you are interested in
exploring an upcoming topic for your paper, you are welcome to do so.
Instructions:
Select one (1) topic of interest that you would like to write about from the approved list below:
Approved Topics (Choose one):
• Topic 1 – Assessment and Standardized Testing (Chapter 13 & 14): The topics of
assessment and standardized testing are heavily debated. Please discuss the history of
standardized testing in the United States and how it is used in our society for educational
placement and achievement. Conclude with a discussion of where you stand personally on
this debate. Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 2 – Technology in the Classroom (Chapter 9): Imagine you are a teacher who has
just been offered a job teaching at the grade level of your choice. Describe four (4) ways that
you would incorporate technology use into your classroom instruction. Give specific examples
of lessons you might teach and how they would be enhanced with technology use. Discuss at
least two (2) advantages and two (2) disadvantages of technology use in your classroom.
Make sure the technology you chose is appropriate for your students’ grade level. Please
support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 3- Teaching Students with Disabilities (Chapter 12): Choose one (1) type of
disability and provide a descriiption of it. Then, discuss how you would best support a student
with that disability in your classroom to maximize their success academically and socially.
Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 4- Developmental Theories (Chapter 3): Review the theories by Piaget, Erikson, and
Vygotsky. Choose (1) one developmental model which you believe will be most useful in your
PSY260 – Educational Psychology
Course Topic Paper
Copyright 2022 Post University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
work as an educator. Begin your paper by providing a general overview of their developmental
theory. Then, demonstrate your understanding of these concepts by applying each stage of
the theory you have chosen to an individual learner of your choosing. This can be a student, a
family member, or just someone that you know. Please provide basic demographic
information about the learner in your discussion. Be sure to use real-life examples to illustrate
your understanding and application of the theory to the learner. Note: If you choose Erikson’s
theory, it is only necessary to discuss and apply examples to the first five stages of his theory.
Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 5- Low Socioeconomic Status and Student Achievement (Chapter 4): What can be
done to make lower-income home environments more educationally stimulating for young
children? What kinds of parent training might be effective? What kinds of early intervention
programs might be effective? Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant
scholarly sources.
• Topic 6- Social Learning Theory (Chapter 5): In Bandura’s classic experiment (1965), a
group of young children was exposed to a film of adults who punched, kicked, and yelled at an
inflated “Bodo” doll. Later, in playing with the doll, these children displayed twice as many
aggressive responses as did children who had not seen the aggressive behavior. What does
Bandura’s work suggest about the effects of violence in television shows and movies on
children? What principles of social learning theory support your view? Conclude your paper
with a discussion of ways in which understanding social learning theory can inform intentional
teaching. Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 7- Memory Strategies (Chapter 6): There are several memory strategies to learn
information effectively and efficiently. For this paper discuss, at least three (3) of these
strategies and provide examples of how each might be utilized in a classroom setting. Be sure
to support your assertions with a minimum of three (3) scholarly sources that provide evidence
for the effectiveness of the strategies that you discuss.
• Topic 8- Summer Learning Loss (Chapter 9): According to studies, all students return from
summer vacation with decreased academic levels of achievement. For low-income students,
however, the decrease is greater than that for middle-class children. What conditions may
contribute to this difference? Discuss at least two (2) possible ways that the “summer loss
gap” can be bridged for low-income students. Please support your work with a minimum of
three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 9- Learned Helplessness (Chapter 10): Assume that the students in your class have
adopted the behavior pattern of learned helplessness to avoid failure. First, discuss the
concept of learned helplessness and contributing factors that create this state of demotivation.
Then, design a three-point program that you, as the teacher, would implement to change that
pattern of behavior and motivate your students to learn. Please support your work with a
minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly sources.
• Topic 10- Inclusion (Chapter 12): There are different ways in which inclusion may be
addressed within the classroom setting. Please discuss inclusive education in more detail.
Also, address the following questions within your paper: What are some similarities and
Copyright 2022 Post University, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
differences between mainstreaming and mixed-ability grouping? What are the student benefits
of mainstreaming mildly disabled and gifted students t? To the teacher? To the social climate
of the school? Please support your work with a minimum of three (3) relevant scholarly
sources.
Requirements:
• The body of your paper must consist of at least five (5) full pages with additional title and
reference pages, double-spaced with one-inch margins.
• Use at least three (3) scholarly sources in your work and include all reference citations in
correct APA formatting. You may use your textbook as one scholarly reference. Your paper
must be formatted according to APA guidelines.
• Use complete sentences and appropriate grammar and spelling.

This analysis will assess the following objectives:

Define and apply key psychological concepts, terms, and theories.
Develop critical thinking and analysis skills by evaluating the accuracy of portrayals of psychological concepts in film.
Develop an awareness of the impact of popular film on society.

The film analyses will involve viewing and critically analyzing a movie that we will discuss in class. Choose only one or two phenomena from a topic we discussed in class. The paper should be 2-3 double-spaced pages in 12 pt font. Make sure to analyze the psychological phenomenon completely (how the concept was specifically presented in the film and the accuracy of the presentation). The research in the assigned reading for the movie should be included in your analysis (The readings can be found in the corresponding module on Canvas). (45 points each)

Please label the following sections (1, 2, 3, 4):

1) Describe the psychological principle(s) illustrated in the film using the reading and PowerPoint (only 1-2 concepts). Be sure to include citations for the definitions of the concepts (even if taken from the PowerPoint). For the second analysis, this will be the psychological diagnosis and symptoms. (10 points)
2) Describe the relevant scenes which illustrate the psychological principle(s). If this is a psychological disorder (second analysis), the scenes should be illustrations of the symptoms. (10 points)
3) Analyze your concept(s) in part 1 using the assigned article. You should include information from the research conducted in the article (with citations) that relates to your concept(s). Describe the relevant movie scenes concerning the research presented in the article. (10 points)
4) Critically analyze the accuracies and inaccuracies of the movie’s portrayal related to the concepts based on the readings/PowerPoint. If the movie does not have inaccuracies, elaborate on why the film was accurate in terms of the psychological concept. (10 points)
5) Use the following guidelines to format your essay. (5 points)
Include in-text citations and a reference page (including generative AI if used)
The paper should be at least 2 pages in length (double-spaced).
Use Times New Roman, 12 pt. font.
I will send further details as to specific reading materials that go along and should be included in the paper.

I have attached previous papers to show the culture artifact. This paper is to be written based on the Antwone Fisher story. Assemble examples of social thinking, social influence, and social relations present in your selected cultural artifact.Summarize applicable social psychological theory.Describe applicable social psychological research.Explain specific relevant concepts from a social psychological perspective.Appraise the relevance of culture to your analysis of the selected cultural artifact (on your interpretation, or the events you are recounting).Relate potential career considerations of the insight you have gleaned from this analysis.This portion of your presentation is the transcriipt, a written version of what you would say if you were presenting orally

Prior to beginning this assignment, be sure to read Chapter 4 and read the article Extending Attribution Theory: Considering Students’ Perceived Control of the Attribution Process Links to an external site., the instructor guidance, and view the following website The Foundation for Critical Thinking Links to an external site..For this journal, you will reflect on your understanding of attribution theory, as well as apply the concept to your own past behavior(s). As you have learned, attribution theory states that individuals tend to make sense of (logically prescribe) situations by associating them to self, others, thoughts, feelings, or actions. This theory suggests that learners should consider why they do what they do, and what or who they are giving credit for both the victories and the failures. Further, this theory suggests that if a person believes that they are not good at something, they may attribute their unsuccessful outcomes to external factors, rather than to themselves. In contrast, if individuals have success, they more often may attribute their successes to internal factors.
To successfully write this journal,
Discuss your understanding, based on our required content, of attribution theory, includingorigins and major premises.
Describe stability and controllability and how they affect performance attributions. Include why these matter in the context of learning.
Identify a time where you feel you have failed and blamed someone or something else when it was not actually, in hindsight, their fault (e.g., the teacher, the friend, a loved one). (Failure could be academic, relational, and/or organizational—loss of a job.)
Elaborate on how blaming the external source(s) preserved your self-image and your self-efficacy?
Based on your new understanding of how to identify your own responsibility in the learning or behavioral process, explain whether you might handle failure, in general, differently now. If so how? If not, why not?
Your journal this week should be 400 to 500 words, limit quoted material, and have an introduction and a conclusion as described in the Writing Center’s resource Introductions & Conclusions Links to an external site.. You should exhibit obvious attention to critical thought and understanding of the content, as demonstrated in Samantha Agosto (2020) TED-Ed Animation 5 Tips to Improve Your Critical Thinking Links to an external site..
You should include APA citations as needed to support your ideas (see APA: Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. for assistance). As this is your personal reflection about the material this week, your journal should for assistance). As this is your personal reflection about the material this week, your journal should limit the use of quoted material. Proper grammar should be applied, for which you should consider using the Writing Center’s GrammarlyLinks to an external site. resource. At minimum, cite your text to support your assertions within your explanation, but you may also use additional scholarly sources. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible SourcesLinks to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. References should be listed following the reflection. You will have until 11:59 p.m. on Day 7 (Monday) to deliver this journal reflection.

5 pages (does not include the title page or references page) 5 references (does not need to be peer-reviewed but needs to be from reputable websites such as county websites or websites describing programs) The following topics should be included in your paper (these topics should be used as headings to organize your paper) Description of the client population you serve (heading could be “Client Population”) Description of the types of services offered Description of the benefit of the program to the larger organization Description of how this program fits within the vision and mission of the larger organization Description of the program’s diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging statement to support anti-racism and anti-discrimination practices PLEASE DO NOT COPY PASTE FROM AI. The organization is as follows: |Pathway to Purpose| Mission Statement Pathway to Purpose aims to enrich the professional and personal wellbeing of mental health clinicians. Our mission is to provide mentorship, enhance supportive peer connections, and offer expert guidance. Our Vision (We aim to )enhance ethical client care and promoting emotional wellness among clinicians. Please establish a program within the organization above to establish support for mental health clinicians working remotely (telehealth)

Length of Benchmark Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment: 900-1200 words (not including the title page)  Format of Benchmark Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment: APA for font (Times New Roman, 12 pt.), title page, margins, and section headings  Number of citations: none  Acceptable sources: none For this Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment, the client is coming to you for one of three referral questions. You will develop a fictional character that you will interview. Your Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment should be structured according to the Benchmark Initial Interview Template. 1. Would the client be a good candidate for participation in a summer mission’s trip in a very challenging environment? 2. Would the client be a good candidate for Senior Pastor at a large urban church? 3. Would the client make a good Resident Assistant (RA) at Liberty University? Important points regarding the Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment: 1. Your character must be an adult male or female over the age of 18. You must give your “client” a name. 2. Because this psychological evaluation will not be performed for clinical, forensic, or legal reasons, your character must not have a life-threatening medical condition, a chronic or debilitating psychological disorder, or an extensive criminal history. Format of the Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment: 1. Content: Complete all the information under the headings of your report according to the format below. Identifying information can be in bullet points, but use paragraphs (at least 3-4 sentences) and general APA format for the rest of the report. 2. Write in the third person (e.g., “Mr. Jones is a 42 years old…,” “His greatest strengths are…”). 3. Be sure to refer to the Initial Interview when completing the Mental Status Exam and Psychological Report later in the course. COUC 521 Page 2 of 2 Note about making up a character: Because you will complete all the psychological tests as your character for the Psychological Report, you must know this individual very well. Spend some time thinking about your character and make sure you have a clear image of who he or she is. Make a genuine attempt to visualize this person and to get yourself into the mind of the character you have created. How does this person see himself or herself? How does this person approach life, deal with challenges, and interact with others? Before you complete each of the psychological tests for the next assignment, be sure to review this information so your responses will be reasonably consistent across tests. Referral Question Information You must use one of the referral questions provided below as the “Reason for the Referral” portion of the report (you will answer the referral question in another report). Referral Questions: 1. Would this examinee be a good candidate for participation in a summer mission’s trip in a very challenging environment? 2. Would this examinee be a good candidate for Senior Pastor at a large urban church? 3. Would this examinee make a good Resident Assistant (RA) at Liberty University? Remember that this is a referral, which means that a mission’s board, a church, or Liberty University is sending the client to you for an evaluation. This would suggest that the client was vetted and appeared to be a viable candidate for one of the above positions. The referring organization would not pay to have you evaluate someone who is clearly impaired or unsuitable for the position. This is why it is very important that the person you select does not have a life-threatening medical condition, a chronic or debilitating psychological disorder, or an extensive criminal history. Also, make sure that the client’s life circumstances match the job. For example, a mother with three young children would not apply for an RA position at Liberty. Points will be deducted if your client has any of these conditions or is clearly unsuitable for the position. * Note: Typically, in addition to gathering biographical information, the evaluator uses the initial interview to gather information using the Mental Status Exam (MSE). However, you will focus on the MSE in another assignment. Be sure to review the criteria on the Benchmark Initial Interview Grading Rubric before beginning this Benchmark Initial Interview Assignment. Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.

Instructions 1. Paper should be approximately 15 – 20 pages in length excluding attachments. 2. References should be in APA style. 3. Papers should be submitted on Canvas. Late papers will not be accepted. Please see the following directions for successfully completing the Shore paper: Note: Although the assignment was given in an outline format, you should use section headings as outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition and not A. B. C. or 1, 2, 3. (see attachment “Heading Level Template) In this assignment you are to use Rena to address the following questions: 1. Loss and Grief: Using the Simos’ A Time to Grieve text book as a reference, discuss the categories and phases of loss and grief for Rena. Define each category and subcategory using more than one reference. Give specific examples from the case of how the categories and phases of loss and grief are demonstrated. A. Define loss and grief using more than one reference. B. Identify the four categories of grief and loss according to Simos. Make sure you define each category. For example: According to Simos (date), loss of significant other is ″…….″. Give examples from the case to indicate how Rena experienced grief and loss. For example, the case study indicates that Rena experienced loss of significant other as exemplified by…… Do this for each of the four categories. When addressing the developmental loss category, it is suggested that you refer to your Human Behavior in the Social Environment course. Newman and Newman and Erikson discuss the various developmental tasks that should be achieved at each stage of development. In addition to Simos’ discussion on developmental loss, this knowledge will help you in identifying developmental losses experienced by Rena. To what extent is Rena achieving the developmental tasks for her current stage of development? Include a citation to support your argument. C. Using more than one reference, discuss Kubler-Ross′ five phases of loss. Define each phase and apply to the case. Conclude with which phase of loss Rena is currently in. 2. Diagnostic Statement: Develop a diagnostic statement for Rena. Make sure to take into consideration loss and grief issues and family dynamics. Remember that a diagnostic statement does not repeat the case, but is the social worker′s interpretation of what the information means and what impact the problems have on the client’s ability to function. Below is an outline of the sections for the diagnostic statement: A. A two to three sentence summary of the case….″This is the case of a 34- year-old …. who has unresolved grief issues,…..[see Ms. B case as a guide including major problems for work] B. One to two paragraphs of your interpretation of Rena’s problems and how they are impacting her ability to function. Be sure to include how loss and grief and the mental health diagnosis impede or impact her functioning. “As a result of her mental illness, the client has difficulty…” Due to her unresolved grief… C. One paragraph should address the client’s strengths and how these strengths can be utilized to assist in problem solving. “Despite these problems, the client’s ability to…helps him/her maintain…His/her ability to…will assist the client in complying with…” D. What is your prognosis for Rena to be able to resolve her problems and what are the anticipated or potential barriers to change [one paragraph]? 3. DSM-5 Diagnosis: Develop a DSM-5 diagnosis using the DSM-5 criteria and describe the client’s symptoms and signs that support the diagnosis. A. What is Rena’s diagnosis? B. What are the criteria [Take directly from the DSM-5; A, B, C, etc and criteria under each alpha]? (same as done in your syndrome chart) C. What are Rena signs and symptoms that meet the criteria [put the sign and symptom in the appropriate column and make sure it specifically corresponds to the criteria? D. What is the severity level if one is indicated? The chart below should be utilized to address this section. Points will be deducted if the chart is not utilized: Diagnosis: DSM-5 Criteria Signs and Symptoms A. B. A. B. Severity: Note: if you have more than one diagnosis, there should be a chart for each diagnosis. 4. Treatment Plan: Develop a treatment plan which includes goals and objectives, interventions/strategies, and time frames focusing on the loss and grief issues and the DSM-5 criteria for Rena. Remember that: a. objectives should be measurable, expressed in behavioral or operational terms and should be tied to the presenting problems: b. strategies should be evidenced based and specifically tied to the diagnosis given, and c. strategies should be tied to the intervention mode and model selected [see #5 and #6 below]. d. Make sure one objective includes an evaluation measure utilizing one of the measurement methods/tools found in Corcoran and Fischer. e. Include medication management in the treatment plan. f. A copy of the tool to be used must be attached to the paper. (citation is acceptable) • Utilize the format below. Remember that goals and objects should be associated with the presenting problem[s]. Points will be deducted if this format is not utilized. At a minimum, make sure to have a table for Rena’s diagnosis(es) and her loss issues. Problem: Goal: Objective Intervention Time Frame A. Make sure you identify each problem for work in separate tables. B. Each problem should have an end goal C. Each goal should be broken down into manageable objectives or short-term goals with at least one intervention strategy for each objective. It is not enough to say CBT or Psychodynamic, you must indicate specific intervention strategies (relaxation, empty chair, peeling the onion, etc) you will utilize to reach the objective or short-term goal. Objectives should be measurable, operational or behavioral, etc D. Interventions should correspond to the treatment theory you are utilizing. For example, if using empowerment then the intervention should utilize empowerment strategies for problem resolution. E. The evaluation tool utilized should appear in the treatment plan. For example, if you are using the Generalized Content Scale, your objective should indicate a reduction in the score of the GCS from _____ to ______. Remember to use a scale that measures Rena’s diagnosis and/or problem; not just any scale. F. If medication is an evidenced based intervention for the selected disorder, some indication of medication should be included. Sample treatment plans have also been posted on Canvas. 5. Evaluation: Describe the evaluation tool and why it is appropriate for the given diagnosis. Why is it reliable and valid? What is the cutoff score? A. Write a statement which discusses why this scale is appropriate for the given diagnosis based on evidenced based desсrіptions of the purpose, validity, reliability, and cutoff score for the tool. 6. Treatment Modality: What treatment modality (ties) (individual, family, group, medication, couple, combination) would you utilize in working with Rena? Provide rationale with support from references for the selected modality. What does evidenced-based theory say is the reason why the modality would be most appropriate for this disorder or problems presented? A. There are a variety of treatment modalities or forms available to meet each patient′s individual needs. The modality chosen will depend on factors such as diagnosis, age of the patient, family support, financial constraints and patient preference. What treatment modality[ies] are you going to use [individual, group, medication, family, and/or combined]? Why is this/these the most appropriate [what does the theory say?]? 7. Treatment Theory: What treatment theory(ies) or model(s) (CBT, Psychodynamic, Grief Therapy, etc.) would you utilize in working with Rena? Give rationale with support from more than one reference for utilizing the selected treatment theory. In addition to other citations used, you should cite an article which provides evidence-based support for the intervention model selected. Apply the information cited in the article into your paper. Note: the techniques or strategies recommended in the article should also appear in your treatment plan. A. There are a wide variety of theoretical approaches or orientations to therapy. The choice of approach is usually determined by the training and experience of the therapist, the needs of the patient, and research evidence of the best practice model for a particular diagnosis. What treatment theory/perspective are you going to use? What is the rationale [This should be based on the evidenced based article for the particular clinical syndrome you have identified]? 8. ETHIC Model: Based on the Shore case used in this assignment, create an ethical dilemma to be addressed. Apply the ETHIC Model to the case. Work through each step in the ETHIC Model. Reminder: ethical dilemmas rest with the social worker; not the client although the client situation might trigger an ethical dilemma. Make sure to properly cite the NASW Code of Ethics for section T in the model. MODEL FOR ETHICAL DECISION MAKING (Elaine Congress) E​Examine relevant personal, societal, agency, client and professional values.​Personal, societal, agency, client and professional values all influence ethical decision making. The social worker who relies only on professional values is not likely to have a full range of information on which to base a decision. You should discuss your personal values related to the ethical dilemma, the NASW Code of Ethics values and principles section, and how society would view this ethical dilemma. T​Think about what ethical standard of the NASW Code of Ethics applies to the situation, as well as about relevant laws and case decisions.​The ethical standards in the NASW Code of Ethics are divided into six sections:​1. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to clients 2. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to colleagues 3. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities in practice settings 4. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities as professionals 5. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to the profession 6. Social workers’ ethical responsibilities to the broader society. As an example, if the ethical dilemma involves an issue about appropriate treatment, the social worker might want to examine the section under responsibilities to clients. Make sure to use the specific code and sub-code in describing how you would address this ethical dilemma. H​​Hypothesize about possible consequences of different decisions. If protecting confidentiality is a concern, the social worker should think about different scenarios, one in which confidentiality is maintained and one in which confidentiality is violated. The social worker can list pros and cons about maintaining confidentiality versus breaking confidentiality. Analyzing possible results helps the social worker decide which is the preferred alternative for the specific incident. I​Identify who will benefit and who will be harmed in view of social worker’s commitment to the most vulnerable.​Often social workers must decide between two bad alternatives rather than between one that is clearly right and another that is clearly wrong. Social workers have a responsibility to identify and nurture strengths of those who were previously described only through their problems. The current code proposes that “social workers should act to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, with special regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed, and exploited persons and groups.” C​Consult with supervisor and colleagues about the most ethical choice.​Talking with others who can suggest alternatives or present new information is essential when making an ethical decision.

Both the Asch Conformity experiments and the Milgram Obedience study were repeated many times while varying small factors like where the participants were placed relative to the confederates (actors that were instructed to act like participants), where the study took place, and how many confederates there were. In varying the protocol in each of these studies, we discovered that certain variables have an impact on an individual’s likelihood to conform or obey. Watch this video that summarizes several of the influential variables on conformity and obedience.
video : https://youtu.be/LG6H_8BU-f4
After watching the video, describe the relationship that you see between the fundamental attribution error and the conformity and obedience experiments.
What implications do you see for making moral decisions or for resisting conformity and obedience?

Search, read, and respond to the following in no less rhan 450 words ( Reference. Cite. APA Format ) : Title: “The neural diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia revisited: An update on recent findings considering illness stage and neurobiological and methodological complexities.” Evaluate the vulnerability factors of developing schizophrenia according to the updated neural diathesis-stress model.
Discuss the implication this updated model has for the treatment of schizophrenia.
In your opinion, should individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have their civil liberties restricted (e.g., ability to vote, sit on a jury, register a firearm)? Why or why not?

This paper would demand the writer’s knowledge of methodologies for psychology, neuroscience, and some fMRI techniques. The writer would have to fulfill the requirements based on the four files provided: an article that this paper is written based on, the outline file on how the paper should be structured, a grading rubric, and the detail assignment instruction file. Basic instructions:
A. Provide a brief critique of the Ferguson et al (2021) study.
B. Invent a neuropsychological test or procedure that could have been administered as part of the Ferguson et al (2021) study, either instead of, or as an addition to, the tasks they administered, and would potentially have added to our understanding of the particular phenomenon or effect that was the target of their investigation. This new test needs to be a product of your own mind, and although improvements on existing neuropsychological tests can be appropriate, you would need to explain very carefully why your version of the test is an improvement or innovation above and beyond the existing one. So for example, merely creating an alternate or parallel form of an existing test would be unlikely to be sufficient to score well on this assignment.