Author: Linus

Please answer all three questions in the case study. Must be authentic. At  least 1200 words.

 Case Study 

Jordan is a team leader at a marketing agency responsible for overseeing a group of eight employees. Over the past three years, Jordan has developed a close friendship with one of the team members, Alex. They regularly have lunch together, socialize outside of work, and their families have become friends. While Jordan tries to remain professional at work, other team members have noticed that Jordan often gives Alex more flexibility with deadlines and is less critical of Alex’s work than that of other employees.

One month before a major product launch for a key client, Alex was responsible for reviewing and approving a large portion of the campaign materials. Due to an oversight, Alex failed to identify several significant errors in the content before it was released to the client. The mistakes caused the client to lose confidence in the agency and ultimately terminate its contract, resulting in a substantial financial loss. The incident also delayed several other projects as the team scrambled to address the fallout.

Senior management quickly became involved and requested a formal investigation into what happened. Jordan is expected to provide an objective assessment of Alex’s role in the mistake and recommend any necessary corrective actions. However, Jordan is concerned that disciplining Alex could damage their friendship. At the same time, other team members are watching closely and expect Jordan to hold Alex accountable just as any other employee would be.

As pressure from senior management increases, Jordan must decide how to handle the situation while balancing personal relationships, fairness, team morale, and professional responsibilities.

 

As you reflect on Jordan’s situation, we invite you to share your perspective on the following — and where relevant, draw on the chapter readings to support your responses: 

Opening Questions:

1.      How should Jordan handle the concern of upper management while protecting their credibility?

2.      How should Jordan handle the oversight made by his friend/employee and the scrutiny the rest of the team is imposing?

3.      Have you ever been in a situation similar to this, whether you’ve been the leader, the friend/employee, or a team member watching the situation unfold? If so,

·        How was this handled, and what decisions/actions did you take in your role?

·        Do you feel your feelings influenced your actions/decisions?

·        Do you feel your actions/decisions were effective and/or influenced the team in either a positive or negative manner?

 

Additional Reading/Support Articles 

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership – https://escp.eu/news/emotional-intelligence-leadership

Employee Happiness and Performance – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10372227/

Emotions and Leadership – https://www.harvardbusiness.org/insight/from-emotional-triggers-to-values-based-leadership-a-practical-framework/

Charismatic Leadership – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3hSmaOhGWU

Social Identity Theory – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1ucEExrCNk

ASSIGNMENT 3

Make a quality initiative proposal (7 PowerPoint slides) through a presentation, interpreting and communicating dashboard data to support the proposal.

Introduction:

Health care providers are perpetually striving to improve care quality and patient safety. To accomplish enhanced care, outcomes need to be measured. Next, data measures must be validated. Measurement and validation of information support performance improvement. Health care providers must focus attention on evidence-based best practices to improve patient outcomes.

Health informatics, along with new and improved technologies and procedures, are at the core of all quality improvement initiatives. Data analysis begins with provider documentation, researched process improvement models, and recognized quality benchmarks. All of these items work together to improve patient outcomes. Professional nurses must be able to interpret and communicate dashboard information that displays critical care metrics and outcomes along with data collected from the care delivery process.

Overview:

A basic principle of quality measurement is: If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it.–Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2021)

In the previous assessment, you analyzed the effectiveness of an existing quality initiative. Now that you’ve done that, this assessment gives you experience interpreting and communicating dashboard data for the purpose of making a quality initiative proposal of your own. And you’ll make your proposal through a PowerPoint presentation, including using speaker notes in the Notes section of the slides, much like you might in your health care setting.

Health care providers are on an endless quest to improve both care quality and patient safety. This unwavering commitment requires hospitals and care givers to increase their attention and adherence to treatment protocols to improve patient outcomes. Health informatics, along with new and improved technologies and procedures, are at the core of virtually all QI initiatives. The data gathered by providers, along with process improvement models and recognized quality benchmarks, are all part of a collaborative, continuing effort. As such, it is essential that professional nurses are able to correctly interpret and effectively communicate information revealed on dashboards that display critical care metrics.

INSTRUCTIONS:

In this assessment, you will make a QI initiative proposal based on a health issue of professional interest to you. This proposal will be based on an analysis of dashboard metrics from a health care facility. You have two options:

Option 1

If you have access to dashboard metrics related to a QI initiative proposal of interest to you:

•            Analyze data from the health care facility to identify a health care issue or an area of concern. You will need access to reports and data related to care quality and patient safety. If you work in a hospital setting, contact the quality management department to obtain the data you need.

◦          You will need to identify basic information about the health care setting, size, and specific type of care delivery related to the topic that you identify. You are expected to abide by standards for compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

Option 2

If you do not have access to a dashboard or metrics related to a QI initiative proposal:

•            You may use one of the links in the following reading list to access a dashboard or metrics for a health care facility to develop the QI initiative proposal:

◦          Assessment 3: Resources

•            You will follow the same instructions and provide the same deliverables as your peers who select Option 1.

Complete the following steps for your proposal:

•            Analyze data to identify a health care issue or an area of concern as it relates to a state, national, or accreditation benchmark requirement relevant to your professional setting.

◦          Evaluate the quality of the data.

•            Outline a QI initiative proposal based on the selected health issue or area of concern and supporting data analysis to improve identified dashboard metric. The interactive activity Designing a Quality Improvement Initiative can get you going on the first steps of a QI process and your assessment.

◦          Identify the target areas of improvement and outcome measures.

◦          Include the QI model that will be utilized.

◦          Specify evidence-based strategies that will be utilized.

•            Integrate interprofessional perspectives and actions to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

◦          Specify roles and responsibilities.

•            Apply effective collaboration strategies to promote QI of interprofessional care.

◦          Include specific communication tools.

•            Deliver a persuasive, coherent, and effective audiovisual presentation. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Be sure that your proposal, at minimum, addresses each of the bullet points. You may also want to read the Data Analysis and Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal Scoring Guide to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion. Additionally, be sure to review the Guiding Questions: Data Analysis and Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal [DOCX] document for additional clarification about things to consider when creating your assessment.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

•            Length of submission: 7 PowerPoint slides, with speaker’s notes, not including title slide and attached reference list. Balance text with visuals. Avoid text-heavy slides. Use speaker’s notes for additional content.

•            Length of presentation: No more than 10 minutes.

•            What to submit: Along with your recording, submit your slides with speaker notes as a PDF. Save your PowerPoint files as a PDF with notes. The speaker notes will be processed through Turnitin.

•            Number of references: Cite a minimum of five sources (no older than seven years, unless a seminal work) of scholarly or professional evidence to support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans. Review the Nursing Master’s Program (MSN) Library Guide for guidance.

•            APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style. Review the Evidence and APA section of the Writing Center for guidance.

 

COMPETENCIES MEASURED:

 

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

•            Competency 2: Plan quality improvement initiatives in response to routine data surveillance.

◦          Analyze data to identify a health care issue or area of concern as it relates to a state, national, or accreditation benchmark requirement.

◦          Outline a quality improvement initiative proposal based on a selected health care issue or area of concern and supporting data analysis to improve identified dashboard metrics.

•            Competency 4: Integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

◦          Integrate interprofessional perspectives and specify actions to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

•            Competency 5: Apply effective communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Apply effective collaboration strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Create a persuasive, coherent, and effective audiovisual presentation. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Reference

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2021). Preventing falls in hospitals. https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/fall-prevention/toolkit/index.html

ASSIGNMENT 3

Make a quality initiative proposal (7 PowerPoint slides) through a presentation, interpreting and communicating dashboard data to support the proposal.

Introduction:

Health care providers are perpetually striving to improve care quality and patient safety. To accomplish enhanced care, outcomes need to be measured. Next, data measures must be validated. Measurement and validation of information support performance improvement. Health care providers must focus attention on evidence-based best practices to improve patient outcomes.

Health informatics, along with new and improved technologies and procedures, are at the core of all quality improvement initiatives. Data analysis begins with provider documentation, researched process improvement models, and recognized quality benchmarks. All of these items work together to improve patient outcomes. Professional nurses must be able to interpret and communicate dashboard information that displays critical care metrics and outcomes along with data collected from the care delivery process.

Overview:

A basic principle of quality measurement is: If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it.–Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2021)

In the previous assessment, you analyzed the effectiveness of an existing quality initiative. Now that you’ve done that, this assessment gives you experience interpreting and communicating dashboard data for the purpose of making a quality initiative proposal of your own. And you’ll make your proposal through a PowerPoint presentation, including using speaker notes in the Notes section of the slides, much like you might in your health care setting.

Health care providers are on an endless quest to improve both care quality and patient safety. This unwavering commitment requires hospitals and care givers to increase their attention and adherence to treatment protocols to improve patient outcomes. Health informatics, along with new and improved technologies and procedures, are at the core of virtually all QI initiatives. The data gathered by providers, along with process improvement models and recognized quality benchmarks, are all part of a collaborative, continuing effort. As such, it is essential that professional nurses are able to correctly interpret and effectively communicate information revealed on dashboards that display critical care metrics.

INSTRUCTIONS:

In this assessment, you will make a QI initiative proposal based on a health issue of professional interest to you. This proposal will be based on an analysis of dashboard metrics from a health care facility. You have two options:

Option 1

If you have access to dashboard metrics related to a QI initiative proposal of interest to you:

•            Analyze data from the health care facility to identify a health care issue or an area of concern. You will need access to reports and data related to care quality and patient safety. If you work in a hospital setting, contact the quality management department to obtain the data you need.

◦          You will need to identify basic information about the health care setting, size, and specific type of care delivery related to the topic that you identify. You are expected to abide by standards for compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

Option 2

If you do not have access to a dashboard or metrics related to a QI initiative proposal:

•            You may use one of the links in the following reading list to access a dashboard or metrics for a health care facility to develop the QI initiative proposal:

◦          Assessment 3: Resources

•            You will follow the same instructions and provide the same deliverables as your peers who select Option 1.

Complete the following steps for your proposal:

•            Analyze data to identify a health care issue or an area of concern as it relates to a state, national, or accreditation benchmark requirement relevant to your professional setting.

◦          Evaluate the quality of the data.

•            Outline a QI initiative proposal based on the selected health issue or area of concern and supporting data analysis to improve identified dashboard metric. The interactive activity Designing a Quality Improvement Initiative can get you going on the first steps of a QI process and your assessment.

◦          Identify the target areas of improvement and outcome measures.

◦          Include the QI model that will be utilized.

◦          Specify evidence-based strategies that will be utilized.

•            Integrate interprofessional perspectives and actions to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

◦          Specify roles and responsibilities.

•            Apply effective collaboration strategies to promote QI of interprofessional care.

◦          Include specific communication tools.

•            Deliver a persuasive, coherent, and effective audiovisual presentation. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Be sure that your proposal, at minimum, addresses each of the bullet points. You may also want to read the Data Analysis and Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal Scoring Guide to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion. Additionally, be sure to review the Guiding Questions: Data Analysis and Quality Improvement Initiative Proposal [DOCX] document for additional clarification about things to consider when creating your assessment.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

•            Length of submission: 7 PowerPoint slides, with speaker’s notes, not including title slide and attached reference list. Balance text with visuals. Avoid text-heavy slides. Use speaker’s notes for additional content.

•            Length of presentation: No more than 10 minutes.

•            What to submit: Along with your recording, submit your slides with speaker notes as a PDF. Save your PowerPoint files as a PDF with notes. The speaker notes will be processed through Turnitin.

•            Number of references: Cite a minimum of five sources (no older than seven years, unless a seminal work) of scholarly or professional evidence to support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans. Review the Nursing Master’s Program (MSN) Library Guide for guidance.

•            APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style. Review the Evidence and APA section of the Writing Center for guidance.

 

COMPETENCIES MEASURED:

 

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

•            Competency 2: Plan quality improvement initiatives in response to routine data surveillance.

◦          Analyze data to identify a health care issue or area of concern as it relates to a state, national, or accreditation benchmark requirement.

◦          Outline a quality improvement initiative proposal based on a selected health care issue or area of concern and supporting data analysis to improve identified dashboard metrics.

•            Competency 4: Integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

◦          Integrate interprofessional perspectives and specify actions to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and work-life quality.

•            Competency 5: Apply effective communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Apply effective collaboration strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Create a persuasive, coherent, and effective audiovisual presentation. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.

Reference

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2021). Preventing falls in hospitals. https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/fall-prevention/toolkit/index.html

ASSIGNMENT 2

Prepare an evaluation (5 pages) of an existing QI initiative to determine if the initiative is effective.

Introduction:

Too often, discussions about quality health care, care costs, and outcome measures take place in isolation—various groups talking among themselves about results and enhancements. Nurses are critical to the delivery of high-quality, efficient health care. As a result, they must develop their skills in reviewing and evaluating performance reports. They also need to be able to communicate outcome measures related to quality initiatives effectively. Patient safety and positive institutional health care outcomes mandate collaboration among nursing staff members to ensure the integration of their perspectives in all quality care initiatives.

Overview:

In the first assessment, you analyzed an adverse event or a near miss, and outlined a QI initiative to address it. This assessment will give you practice and the confidence to evaluate a quality care initiative in much the same way you might in your health care setting to help determine if the initiative is effective.

Too often, discussions about quality health care, care costs, and outcome measures take place in isolation—each group talking among themselves about results and enhancements. Because nurses are critical to the delivery of high-quality, efficient health care, it is essential that they develop the proficiency to review, evaluate performance reports, and be able to effectively communicate outcome measures related to quality initiatives. The nursing staff’s perspective and the need to collaborate on quality care initiatives are fundamental to patient safety and positive institutional health care outcomes.

INSTRUCTIONS:

Imagine you have been asked to prepare and deliver an analysis of an existing QI initiative at your workplace. The QI initiative you choose to analyze should be related to a specific disease, condition, or public health issue of personal or professional interest to you. The purpose of the report is to assess whether the specific quality indicators point to improved patient safety, quality of care, cost and efficiency goals, and other desired metrics. Your target audience is nurses and other health professionals with specializations or interest in your chosen condition, disease, or public health issue.

In your report, you will:

•            Analyze a current QI initiative in a health care setting.

◦          Identify what prompted implementation of the QI initiative.

◦          Evaluate problems that arose during the initiative or problems that were not addressed.

•            Evaluate the success of a current QI initiative through recognized benchmarks and outcome measures as required to meet national, state, or accreditation requirements.

◦          Identify the core performance measurements related to successful treatment or management of the condition.

◦          Evaluate the impact of the quality indicators on the health care facility.

•            Incorporate interprofessional perspectives related to the success of actions used in the QI initiative as they relate to functionality and outcomes.

•            Recommend additional indicators and protocols to improve and expand outcomes of a current quality initiative.

•            Ensure your analysis conveys purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

Be sure to address all of the bullet points. You may also want to read the Quality Improvement Initiative Evaluation Scoring Guide to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion. Additionally, be sure to review the Guiding Questions: Quality Improvement Initiative Evaluation [DOCX] document and Vila Health: Data Analysis for additional clarification about things to consider when creating your assessment.

 

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

•            Length of submission: A minimum of five but no more than seven double-spaced, typed pages, not including the title page and References section.

•            Number of references: Cite a minimum of four sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans. Current source material is defined as no older than five years unless it is a seminal work. Review the Nursing Master’s Program (MSN) Library Guide for guidance.

•            APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style. Review the Evidence and APA section of the Writing Center for guidance.

 

COMPETENCIES MEASURED:

 

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

•            Competency 2: Plan quality improvement initiatives in response to routine data surveillance.

◦          Recommend additional indicators and protocols to improve and expand outcomes of a quality initiative.

•            Competency 3: Evaluate quality improvement initiatives using sensitive and sound outcome measures.

◦          Analyze a current quality improvement initiative in a health care setting.

◦          Evaluate the success of a current quality improvement initiative through recognized benchmarks and outcome measures as required to meet national, state, or accreditation requirements.

•            Competency 4: Integrate interprofessional perspectives to lead quality improvements in patient safety, cost effectiveness, and work life quality.

◦          Incorporate interprofessional perspectives related to the success of actions utilized in a quality improvement initiative as they relate to functionality and outcomes.

•            Competency 5: Apply effective communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

ASSIGNMENT 1

Prepare an analysis (5 pages) of an adverse event or a near miss from your professional nursing experience and outline a QI initiative that would address it.

Introduction:

Health care organizations strive to create a culture of safety. Despite technological advances, quality care initiatives, oversight, ongoing education and training, legislation, and regulations, medical errors continue to be made. Some are small and easily remedied with the patient unaware of the infraction. Others can be catastrophic and irreversible, altering the lives of patients and their caregivers and unleashing massive reforms and costly litigation. Many errors are attributable to ineffective interprofessional communication.

Overview:

The goal of this assessment is to allow you to focus on a specific event in a health care setting that impacts patient safety and related organizational vulnerabilities and to propose a QI initiative to prevent future incidents. It will give you the chance to develop your analytical skills in the problem-solving contexts you likely find yourself in as a health care professional.

Health care organizations strive for a culture of safety. Yet, despite technological advances, quality care initiatives, oversight, ongoing education and training, laws, legislation, and regulations, medical errors continue to occur. Some are small and easily remedied with the patient unaware of the infraction. Others can be catastrophic and irreversible, altering the lives of patients and their caregivers and unleashing massive reforms and costly litigation.

Historically, medical errors were reported and analyzed in hindsight. Today, QI initiatives attempt to be proactive, which contributes to the amount of attention paid to adverse events and near misses. Backed up by new technologies and reporting metrics, adverse events and near misses can provide insight into potential ways to improve care delivery and ensure patient safety.

For clarification, the National Quality Forum (n.d.) defines the following:

•            Adverse event: An event that results in unintended harm to the patient by an act of commission or omission rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient.

•            Near miss: An event or a situation that did not produce patient harm, but only because of intervening factors, such as patient health or timely intervention.

 

INSTRUCTIONS:

Prepare a comprehensive analysis of an adverse event or a near miss from your professional nursing experience that you or a peer experienced. Provide an analysis of the impact of the same type of adverse event or near miss in other facilities. How was it managed, who was involved, and how was it resolved? Be sure to:

•            Analyze the implications of the adverse event or near miss for all stakeholders.

•            Analyze the sequence of events, missed steps, or protocol deviations related to the adverse event or near miss using a root cause analysis.

•            Evaluate QI actions or technologies related to the event that are required to reduce risk and increase patient safety.

◦          Evaluate how other institutions integrated solutions to prevent these types of events.

◦          Incorporate relevant metrics of the adverse event or near miss to support need for improvement.

•            Outline a QI initiative to prevent a future adverse event or near miss.

•            Ensure your analysis conveys purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

Be sure your analysis addresses all of the above points. You may also want to read the Adverse Event or Near Miss Analysis Scoring Guide to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion. Additionally, be sure to review the Guiding Questions: Adverse Event or Near Miss Analysis [DOCX] document for additional clarification about things to consider when creating your assessment.

 

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

•            Length of submission: A minimum of five but no more than seven double-spaced, typed pages, not including the title page or References section.

•            Number of references: Cite a minimum of three sources of scholarly or professional evidence that support your evaluation, recommendations, and plans. Current source material is defined as no older than five years unless it is a seminal work. Review the Nursing Master’s Program (MSN) Library Guide for guidance.

•            APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style. Review the Evidence and APA section of the Writing Center for guidance.

 

COMPETENCIES MEASURED:

 

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

•            Competency 1: Plan quality improvement initiatives in response to adverse events and near-miss analyses.

◦          Analyze the implications of an adverse event or a near miss for all stakeholders.

◦          Analyze the sequence of events, missed steps, or protocol deviations related to an adverse event or a near miss using a root cause analysis.

◦          Outline a quality improvement initiative to prevent a future adverse event or near miss based on research and evidence-based practices.

•            Competency 3: Evaluate quality improvement initiatives using sensitive and sound outcome measures.

◦          Evaluate and identify quality improvement actions or technologies related to an event that are required to reduce risk and increase patient safety.

•            Competency 5: Apply effective communication strategies to promote quality improvement of interprofessional care.

◦          Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

Quantitative Research Article Evaluation Worksheet

1.     Provide the proper APA reference entry for the article.

2.     What is the purpose of the research study?

3.     What is/are the research question (s) guiding this study?

4.     Explain how the research question(s) contribute to the body of knowledge for social work.

5.     Describe the purpose and significance of the study in its context.

6.     What gap(s) in the literature is the researcher attempting to address?

7.     List the variables and discuss how the researchers explained the problem using the variables. (For example, did the discussion suggest a connection between the dependent and independent variables or did the researcher use a theory to explain the problem)

8.     Describe how the participants were recruited. Was the recruitment method appropriate for the study’s aims? Why or why not?

9.     Describe the study’s setting and sample. Include information about who participated and the context in which data were collected. What are your thoughts regarding how the setting and sample impacts the generalizability of the study’s findings?

10.  Was the study reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB)? Describe any ethical protections the researcher implemented for participants.

11.  Identify the research design. Was this design appropriate for answering the research question(s)? Explain.

12.  Describe how data was collected (surveys, measurement tools, etc.)

13.  Identify the measurement tools the researchers used in the study. Describe the effectiveness of the tools used to measure the variables (reliability and validity).

14.  Discuss the internal and external validity of the study.

15.  Summarize how the researcher discussed reliability.

16.  In your own words, summarize the main findings and how they were determined. Do the findings seem credible? Why or why not?

17.  Continuing from question 16, explain why the data analysis method was appropriate based on what the researchers wanted to determine.

18.  How do descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression each contribute to understanding the relationships among variables in this study?

19.  In your own words, discuss the strengths and limitations of the study. Discuss any limitations you think were overlooked.

20.  Describe the threats to internal and external validity.

21.  In your own words, discuss the suggestions for future research. Based on what you’ve read, what gaps remain in the literature?

22.  In your own words, summarize the findings’ implications for social work practice.

23.  How does this article compare to others you’ve read on this topic? What themes or patterns do you see when comparing the assigned article to other articles?

24.  How can you apply a Christian worldview perspective to the findings?

Case Study #1: Healthcare Case

Anika and Daniel, two geriatric nurses, are discussing a patient with worsening dementia. Anika insists they should continue following the doctor’s orders to use a mixture of cholinesterase inhibitors to treat the patient. In her view, because the doctor’s orders are based on peer-reviewed literature and because rigorous testing has shown that these inhibitors help prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine (a chemical that helps brain cells communicate), these orders are likely to help their patient. Daniel judges this peer-reviewed research and testing as unreliable merely because he believes that mainstream treatments doctors recommend never work. He is frustrated by the lack of improvement so far and thinks they should try something else.

Daniel then shares that he recently performed an online search on “alternative approaches to cholinesterase inhibitors” and found an online health forum where caregivers claim that exposure to certain frequencies of sound helped memory retention. He shares a story about his grandmother who listened to classical music and seemed sharper afterward. He then points out that a well-known wellness influencer recently talked about the effectiveness of a new sound therapy device that emits healing frequencies, and that many of the influencer’s audience members have ordered the device already. He suggests buying one of these devices for the patient.

When Anika expresses doubt, Daniel responds, “Nurses should be willing to try anything that might help. Since this might help, we must give it a try. Also, you are from the Midwest, so it is clear that your medical reasoning should not be trusted.”

1.  Choose onecase study from “Case Studies” in the Supporting Documents section of this task.

1.  From the case study chosen in part A, identify the premise(s) and conclusion of a single, distinct argument from oneperson, using clear labels (e.g., Premise 1, Premise 2 [if applicable], etc., Conclusion), and do the following:
2.  Explain why the single, distinct argument identified in part B is deductive or inductive.
3.  Discuss why the single, distinct argument identified in part B is valid or invalid (for a deductive argument) OR strong or weak (for an inductive argument).

Note: Before starting part C, review Section 4, Lesson 4 in the course to understand argument mapping and see examples.

1.  Create one argument map of the single, distinct argument outlined in part B, using numbered circles for propositions and arrows for support

Note: The argument map can be drawn by hand and inserted into your document as a JPG, GIF, or PNG or created by inserting shapes and text in your word processing document. See “How to Create and Draw an Argument Map” in the Supporting Documents section for directions.

 

1.  Identify oneinformation source in the chosen case study.
2.  Discuss the reliability of the information source.

1.  Identify onepotential type of bias in the chosen case study.
2.  Explain the impact of this type of bias in the chosen case study.

1.  State the name of onefallacy in the chosen case study (e.g., hasty generalization, ad hominem).
2.  Summarize the instance of this fallacy present in the chosen case study.

1.  Acknowledge sources, using in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

 No more than 30% of your written response can match other sources.

Premise(s) and Conclusion	Please provide the labeled premise(s) and conclusion of an argument from your selected case study below.   Review Section 1, Lesson 2 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Deductive/ Inductive	In the box below, please describe whether the argument is deductive or inductive.   Review Section 1, Lesson 4 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Validity/ Strength	In the box below, please describe the argument.   For a deductive argument, explain whether it is valid or invalid.   For an inductive argument, explain whether it is strong or weak.   Review Section 1, Lesson 4 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Map	Please provide a map of the argument in the box below. Provide numbered circles to identify the propositions (premises and conclusion) and arrows to show support.   See Section 4, Lesson 4 in the course of study to understand argument mapping and see examples.   See “How To Create/Draw an Argument Map” in the Supporting Document section.
Information Source	In the box below, please identify a source of information from your case study.   Review Section 2 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Reliability	Please describe below whether the identified source of information is reliable.   Review Section 2 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Bias	In the box below, please identify a source of bias within the case study.   Review Section 3 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Bias Impact	Please describe below how this bias may impact the argument.   Review Section 3 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Fallacy Name	In the box below, provide the specific name of at least one fallacy used within your case study.   Review Section 4, Lessons 1-3 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Fallacy	Summarize below how the identified fallacy is used in an argument from the case study.   Review Section 4, Lessons 1-3 in the course for help with this task aspect.
Sources	If you have summarized, paraphrased, or quoted any sources beyond the case study and learning resource, please provide complete reference information for your source(s), including author, date, title, and URL.   Review the Sources rubric row and the link for help.

Overview

The purpose of this assignment is to write a problem statement that focuses on a potential topic for your dissertation research. A problem statement narrowly defines your topic area to a specific problem or issue. In this case, you are taking the next step in developing your dissertation topic that was the basis of your assignment in Week 4—Research Topic Investigation. The idea is to take what you learned in completing that assignment and what you gained from your instructor’s feedback to develop a more formal, concise, and specific statement of a precise problem that can be researched. The skills involved in writing a problem statement will serve you well throughout your program and are particularly important in the dissertation process. They are critical skills needed to become a competent doctoral researcher in psychology.

A research problem is a concern, issue, or controversy that you investigate. The problem may come from the need to extend research into an area not yet studied. Many times, the specific problem or issue is identified at the end of another research study where the author calls for additional research. Regardless of the source of the problem, a researcher needs to have a clear idea of the goal: the answers that are sought and the specific questions that need to be asked.

This assignment will not be your final statement of this problem. The mini literature review you will complete in Week 8 may cause you to revise your statement to some extent, based on what you learn. However, this problem statement should be more clearly defined and more precise than the assignment you submitted two weeks ago. You are familiar with the names of the researchers who have already studied your topic area. You have located several literature resources—articles, books, and summaries—that provide some of the existing knowledge on that topic area. In the discussions and writing assignment in Weeks 3 and 4, you may have already begun the process of summarizing what is already known in the topic area. When you write your problem statement, rely on this work to help you articulate a focus for your research—a concise summary of what is already known and a clear statement of what you want to find out. What questions do you want to answer?

Writing a clear problem statement requires some significant thinking; consider this assignment as a learning experience, one that helps you hone your thinking in preparation for attending the residencies.

Instructions

In a 1–2 paragraph problem statement (180–250 words):

●      State the research problem clearly and succinctly.

●      Summarize what is already known and the gap in the literature you perceive to exist.

●      Justify very briefly the need to study the problem by presenting a couple of reasons why the issue is important.

Additional Requirements

Your assignment should meet the following requirements:

●      Written communication: Include written communication that is free of errors that detract from the overall message.

●      APA formatting: Format resources and citations according to APA style and format guidelines.

●      Number of resources: Include a minimum of two resources.

●      Length of paper: Write 1–2 pages, double spaced, not including the title and references page.

●      Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12 point.

Review the Problem Statement Scoring for more information on how you will be assessed.

Submit your assignment as a Microsoft Word attachment in the assignment area.

Competencies Measured

By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the

following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

●      Competency 1: Apply advanced critical thinking skills.

○      State a specific problem or issue to be investigated in your specialization of interest, including variables of the research.

●      Competency 2: Apply research processes and standards and the technical skills of a researcher in the field of psychology.

○      Explain specific research of what is currently known in the field on the selected topic.

●      Competency 3: Analyze and apply professional ethical standards in psychological research and practice.

○      Justify the need to study the specific issue and how the findings will ethically advance practice in the field.

●      Competency 4: Develop a professional identity as a doctoral-level psychologist.

○      Describe a clear gap (what is not known) in the current research on the selected topic to be addressed.

●      Competency 5: Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.

○      Convey purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences.

○ Apply APA style and formatting to scholarly writing.

Choose a Developmental Stage

Prior to beginning work on this assignment,

·        Review Chapters 7, 8, and 9 from your course textbook, Development Through the Lifespan (7th ed.).

·        Review the reading from the chapter that covers the age group you have selected (review the previous week’s reading or read ahead if you have chosen one of the adult life stages).

Additionally, begin preliminary work on your final assignment in the course, creating a Developmental Resource Guide, which is due in Week 6. To begin, select an age group or developmental stage from the following list:

·        infancy and toddlerhood (0 to 3 years)

·        early childhood (3 to 5 years)

·        middle childhood (6 to 12 years)

·        adolescence (13 to 18 years)

·        young adulthood (18 to 40 years)

·        middle to late adulthood (40 years and older)

·        death and dying

In your paper,

·        Identify the age group and developmental stage selected.

·        Describe that age group’s important physical, emotional, cognitive, and social features.

·        Analyze that developmental stage from the point of view of at least three developmental theorists (but not limited to Piaget, Freud, Erickson, etc.).

·        Summarize the theory you find most useful in explaining that developmental stage.

Support your selections and conclusions with reasoned arguments, citing a minimum of five peer-reviewed articles.

The Choose a Developmental Stage paper

·        must be 4 to 6 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft WordLinks to an external site. resource.

·        must include a separate title page with the following in title case:

o   title of paper in bold font

§  Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.

o   student’s name

o   name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)

o   course name and number

o   instructor’s name

o   due date

·        must utilize academic voice.

o   Review the Academic VoiceLinks to an external site. resource for additional guidance.

·        must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph.

o   Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.

o   For assistance in writing Introductions & ConclusionsLinks to an external site. and Writing a Thesis StatementLinks to an external site., refer to the Writing Center resources.

·        must use at least 5 peer-reviewed journal articles, published in the last 10 years, in addition to the course text.

o   The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible SourcesLinks to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source.

o   To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, refer to this Quick and Easy Library ResearchLinks to an external site. tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.

o   You may also refer to the How to Use Library OneSearchLinks to an external site. tutorial, which explains keyword searching process in the library to find scholarly articles.

·        must document any information used from sources in APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. guide.

·        must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style as outlined in the Writing Center.

o   Refer to the APA: Formatting Your References ListLinks to an external site. resource in the Writing Center for specifications.

Week 4 Assignment

Healthcare Finance

 To deliver healthcare services, an ACO needs to create a competent workforce that can provide health care to the patients that are in the ACO. Some integrated ACO entities already have employed physicians and mid-level providers that receive salaries from the organization, whereas other non-integrated ACO entities need to invest in external relationships with independent physicians and other providers. Since ACOs do not have managerial control over non-employed providers, additional controls and incentives may be necessary to ensure that efficiency is maximized. ACOs also need to consider the number and mix of specialists (e.g., family practice vs internal medicine) and mid-level providers (e.g., physician assistants and nurse practitioners) in delivering primary care services that can promote value. Maximizing value requires appropriate workforce decisions on supply and incentives to encourage providers to minimize costs. For this Assignment, you will examine the Week 4 Supply of Workforce Template and consider the efficiency in the supply of health services.

 

To prepare for this Assignment: 

• Review the scenario and Week 4 Assignment document provided to you by the instructor. Based on the financial data, conduct a financial projection (revenues, expenses, and profit) that analyzes the efficiency of the supply of health services.
• Download Week 4 Supply of Workforce Template.

 

Submit the template provided with calculations and a brief 1-page document, to address the following:

• Propose recommendations on the following:
  • Number of physicians and nurse practitioners needed
  • Reimbursement method: salary or fee-for-service
  • Recommendations for financial incentives to address the challenges of supplier-induced demand
  • Recommendations for how to ensure efficiency
• Interpret the net profit from the ACO contract based on your recommendations.
• Explain the rationale behind your recommendations, including the impact made by your financial calculations.

Please see attached for week four assignment.  You must complete both the salary and FFS while the recommendations can be a one-page summary.

 

Week Four Supply for Healthcare

Supply takes on a prominent role in health economics because of the unique nature of what is being supplied in healthcare. Moreover, supply in healthcare is subject to many influences that are not as evident in other kinds of markets. The production of healthcare providers is more regulated and requires far more resources than the production of taxi drivers or florists, for example. Patients and family members, communities throughout the country, doctors, nurses, and providers are all grappling with the reality of the depletion of the physician workforce in our nation’s healthcare system. The workforce shortage has been increasing since before the COVID-19 pandemic—accelerating at an even more alarming rate thereafter. By 2034, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the demand for primary and specialty care physicians will exceed supply by a range of 37,800 to 124,000 physicians (USA Today, June 29, 2023). This will require providers to carefully consider utilization management controls.

This week, as you explore the supply of health services, you recommend strategies for reimbursement and utilization management. You also examine efficiency in the supply of services and challenges of supplier-induced demand.