1. Which of the following contributed to tensions between the Eastern and Roman

1. Which of the following contributed to tensions between the Eastern and Roman churches during the Middle Ages?
a. the pope’s claim to authority over all Christians    
b. the use of holy images in worship    
c. the power of the Byzantine emperor    
d. all of the above
2. The Byzantine emperor Justinian’s most lasting achievement was the
a. Permanent addition of Spain to the Byzantine Empire.    
b. permanent addition of eastern Italy to the Byzantine Empire.    
c. sound financial footing on which he placed the Byzantine government.    
d. collection and codification of Rome’s ancient laws.
3. Muslims regard Mohammad as
a. part human and part divine.    
b. the only prophet.    
c. entirely divine, not human.    
d. the final prophet
4. ________ means both an internal striving by the individual for moral self-improvement and a collective military struggle to defend Islam against its enemies.
a. Umma