Category: Statistics

Locate an article or advertisement that provides statistics in support of its message. Attach the article or advertisement link to your initial post.
What is the article or ad trying to say?
What statistical data are misrepresented or exaggerated?
What are the undesirable consequences to the consumer of this information?

Statistical Analysis Project and “Presentation”
Each group will be required to conduct a hands-on statistical analysis project that involves the following three deliverables:
A 1/2-1 page executive summary detailing the question you will address, the data you expect you will need, your plan for collecting the data, the statistical tools you expect to use to answer your question using the data and the observed result.
A 1-2 page infographic presenting the question, data, and conclusions. (Many create this in PPT or Google Slides and then export it as an image to be included in the final submission document)
A short 2-4 page technical report detailing your analysis: tools used, data, tests run
For the statistical analysis project, you will address a question of interest to you using the statistical methodology we learn in our class. You choose the question, you decide how to collect the data, you do the analyses, you do the final report. You do not need to use survey data. You can collect data manually, or through secondary resources. The questions can address almost any topic including topics in consumer behavior, process performance, finance, economics, psychology, sociology, natural science, medicine, public policy, sports, law, etc. I would strongly prefer you pick a business-oriented topic, but broader questions can be attempted with prior instructor approval. You get to use the course concepts and tools immediately after learning them and you get answers to issues that pique your personal intellectual curiosity.

The amount of oxygen consumption was measured in six individuals over two ten-minute periods while sitting with their eyes closed. During one period, they listened to an exciting adventure story; during the other, they heard restful music.
Based on the results shown in the datafile, is oxygen consumption less when listening to the music? Use the .01 significance level.
Use the steps of hypothesis testing
Explain the results to someone who understands mean, standard deviation and variance but knows nothing else about statistics. (follow the examples on pages 255-258 in the textbook about how to write up your results from t -test output for an article)

Please use the following data file to run a paired sample t-test in SPSS (I have a “how to” video for paired sample t-tests in Week 9 Overview)
Ch 7 Oxygen consumption.xlsxDownload Ch 7 Oxygen consumption.xlsx
You can import this file or copy/ paste it into SPSS.
Run a t-test for dependent means
Is there a significant difference? Answer the questions above – for a & b
COPY/ PASTE your results from SPSS into a Word Document.
Answer a and b

In this assignment, you are asked to analyze and communicate the results of statistical analysis using visuals.
Using a dataset of your choosing, or a dataset previously provided, e.g. NBA Height and Weight, create an example of a good and a bad visualization. Use the principles of data visualization to tell a statistically meaningful story. Export the images and insert it into a Word document. I should be able to tell the story from the images provided by themselves. Be careful with titles, axis labels etc.
It is strongly encouraged that students try to use something other than a one variable visual like a pie chart or a bar/column chart in their visual (multivariable bar charts are fine but other visuals may be more effective in communicating a result). Students may use Excel, R, Tableau or a different visualization software. If you choose to use qualitative data, please use appropriate qualitative visualizations. Students that attempt to use R will be asked to provide their visualization scriipt. (20 points per visual)
Discuss the changes made between the first and second visual. In your discussion, include the type and level of the data, the type of visualization that was used for the data, why that visualization was selected and how color, shape and size can be used to increase engagement with a visualization. Finally, discuss what you are communicating of managerial importance in your visual. (30 points)
Discuss your thoughts on data visualizations prior to taking this course. How has this course changed your thoughts on data, data analysis, data visualizations, and their impact on business? (30 points)

Maximum length for this assignment is 3 pages single spaced. The minimum length is 1 complete page single spaced.
If you are going to attempt using R as part of your submission, please include both the .r file and the dataset you used to draw your results as individual files in your submissions. This is the only way that I am able to try to run your code and replicate your results to authenticate the scriipt works.

worksheet on measures of central tendency and graphical displays of data . This assignment has several followup assignments as well. but they are all due on the 7th of november. This first assignment is a long worksheet. please let me know if I’ve neglected to include anything. Statistics is my nightmare

In your initial post, you will solve a problem that involves conditional probability, first using “no replacement” and second using “with replacement”. You will be using the Packaging variable from your LEGO dataset.

Instructions – Initial Post
Use Statkey (https://www.lock5stat.com/StatKey/index.html) in any browser and click on One Categorical Variable. Click UPLOAD FILE and upload the CSV file you created last week. Choose the Packaging variable and display the Bar Graph and Summary Statistics.
Video: https://youtu.be/LDIng0_H7PM

Determine the relative frequency (proportion) of LEGO sets in your sample that are contained in a “Box”. For example, in this sample, 32 out of 50 sets are contained in a Box (32/50, 0.64, or 64%):
Be sure to show us your Summary Statistics.

Case 1. No Replacement. Suppose you pick THREE sets at random from your sample WITHOUT replacement. Compute the probability that you will pick three sets in Boxes. (Show your work)

Case 2: With Replacement. Suppose you pick THREE sets at random from your sample WITH replacement. Compute the probability that you will pick three sets in Boxes. (Show your work)

Compare and contrast the two scenarios. Which one is more likely? Is it a big difference?

In your initial post, you will solve a problem that involves conditional probability, first using “no replacement” and second using “with replacement”. You will be using the Packaging variable from your LEGO dataset.

Instructions – Initial Post
Use Statkey (https://www.lock5stat.com/StatKey/index.html) in any browser and click on One Categorical Variable. Click UPLOAD FILE and upload the CSV file you created last week. Choose the Packaging variable and display the Bar Graph and Summary Statistics.
Video: https://youtu.be/LDIng0_H7PM

Determine the relative frequency (proportion) of LEGO sets in your sample that are contained in a “Box”. For example, in this sample, 32 out of 50 sets are contained in a Box (32/50, 0.64, or 64%):
Be sure to show us your Summary Statistics.

Case 1. No Replacement. Suppose you pick THREE sets at random from your sample WITHOUT replacement. Compute the probability that you will pick three sets in Boxes. (Show your work)

Case 2: With Replacement. Suppose you pick THREE sets at random from your sample WITH replacement. Compute the probability that you will pick three sets in Boxes. (Show your work)

Compare and contrast the two scenarios. Which one is more likely? Is it a big difference?

This assignment requires a statistics-minded person to answer questions 1-3.
The message from the Professor-
Could you revisit this post?
The paired samples t-test looks at the difference between the means. Both of the p-values are significant. Meeting these assumptions is important for validity, but I do not see how the output describes what you are saying. Here is a link with a brief explanation of the paired samples t-test –> https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/spss-statistics/saas?topic=tests-paired-samples-t-test

Important note: don’t use AI, I will provide the pdf with all the questions please provide me the answers in order so I can copy and paste them into my workbook that I will submit in the final submission, there will be some code cells try to do the work as much as you can manually use the code cells if necessary, also provide the codes in the correct order so I can copy and paste them into the workbook label the question so I can know which is for which.
The assignment is in the workbook. Make sure to follow all the instructions:
All answers must be typed directly into the provided spaces.
Only long or complex handwritten equations/graphs can be submitted as a PDF attachment.
Python codes must be written in the cells provided on the Forum. Submissions of Python code in PDF format will not be accepted.
This problem set is intended to be done fully solo – that is, without consulting classmates. This is because we want to develop our individual capacities for grappling with hard problems to bring more to the table when collaborating with our peers later. This will also allow instructors to give more personalized feedback on your solutions.
As you work the problems and write up your solutions, try to use the correct vocabulary and notation for your ideas. Ensure the submitted PDF is readable and properly formatted.
Assignment Information
Weight:15%
Learning Outcomes Added
Distributions: Identify different types of distributions and make inferences based on samples from distributions appropriately.
Probability: Apply and interpret fundamental concepts of probability, including conditional and bayesian probabilities.
ModelSelection: Apply appropriate statistical theory and methods to determine which model generated observed data.
ParameterEstimation: Apply appropriate statistical theory and methods to determine which parameter values generated observed data.
CompTools: Use appropriate computational tools to solve problems in Probability and Statistics.
MathTools: Use appropriate mathematical notation (including DAGs) and tools to solve problems in Probability and Statistics.
ProfessionalWorkProduct: Follows the established guidelines for the task and academic conventions in writing and presentations.

Important note: don’t use AI, I will provide the pdf with all the questions please provide me the answers in order so I can copy and paste them into my workbook that I will submit in the final submission, there will be some code cells try to do the work as much as you can manually use the code cells if necessary, also provide the codes in the correct order so I can copy and paste them into the workbook label the question so I can know which is for which.
The assignment is in the workbook. Make sure to follow all the instructions:
All answers must be typed directly into the provided spaces.
Only long or complex handwritten equations/graphs can be submitted as a PDF attachment.
Python codes must be written in the cells provided on the Forum. Submissions of Python code in PDF format will not be accepted.
This problem set is intended to be done fully solo – that is, without consulting classmates. This is because we want to develop our individual capacities for grappling with hard problems to bring more to the table when collaborating with our peers later. This will also allow instructors to give more personalized feedback on your solutions.
As you work the problems and write up your solutions, try to use the correct vocabulary and notation for your ideas. Ensure the submitted PDF is readable and properly formatted.
Assignment Information
Weight:15%
Learning Outcomes Added
Distributions: Identify different types of distributions and make inferences based on samples from distributions appropriately.
Probability: Apply and interpret fundamental concepts of probability, including conditional and bayesian probabilities.
ModelSelection: Apply appropriate statistical theory and methods to determine which model generated observed data.
ParameterEstimation: Apply appropriate statistical theory and methods to determine which parameter values generated observed data.
CompTools: Use appropriate computational tools to solve problems in Probability and Statistics.
MathTools: Use appropriate mathematical notation (including DAGs) and tools to solve problems in Probability and Statistics.
ProfessionalWorkProduct: Follows the established guidelines for the task and academic conventions in writing and presentations.