Category: Statistics

part 1
Download, clean, import and analyze data following all specific tasks below (total: 10 points).
1. You want to do research on the role of institutions and finance in economic development around the world or some specific region (e.g. Middle-East, Africa). So, you need to download, prepare and analyze relevant data.
2. Go the World Development Indicators database.1 Choose and prepare in long form (variables in columns and countries/years in rows) and download in CSV format the economic variables below for any 5+ countries during the last 10+ years:
a) GDP growth (annual %);
b) GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)
c) Population growth (annual %)
d) Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
e) Population, total
f) Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$)
g) Deposit interest rate (%)
h) Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high)
3. Go the Worldwide Governance Indicators database.2 Download in long form (variables in columns and countries/years in rows) and CSV format the institutional variables below for all countries during the last 10+ years (same as above):
a) Control of Corruption: Estimate [CC.EST]
b) Government Effectiveness: Estimate [GE.EST]
c) Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism: Estimate [PV.EST]
d) Regulatory Quality: Estimate [RQ.EST]
e) Rule of Law: Estimate [RL.EST]
f) Voice and Accountability: Estimate [VA.EST]
4. Go the Global Financial Development Indicators database.3 Download in long form (variables in columns and countries/years in rows) and CSV format the financial variables below for all countries during the last 10+ years (same as above):
a) ATMs per 100,000 adults
b) Bank concentration (%)
c) Banking crisis dummy (1=banking crisis, 0=none)
d) Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
e) Gross portfolio debt assets to GDP (%)
f) Stock market turnover ratio (%)
g) Stock market total value traded to GDP (%)
h) Stock market capitalization to GDP (%)
5.
1 . See https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
2 . See https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators#
3 . See https://databank.worldbank.org/source/global-financial-development
6. Clean, save (as CSV) and import both CSV/Excel datasets into Stata. Name and save the new Stata datasets as dataset1 and dataset2 and dataset3 with an easy (3-digit) name in an easy-to-use folder (desktop)
7. Rename the variables (3-digits) and the variable labels (5-10 characters) of both datasets, making them short and readable. Also, regarding the relevant variables choose the names country and year.
8. Sort the variables of both Stata datasets by both country and year, and subsequently generate a unique id variable for all observations. Sort the dataset by the id and save it again.
9. After sorting them properly, merge the dataset1 with the dataset2 by common identifiers (say country and year). Make sure the identifier(s) is/are the same in the 2 datasets. Once you merge the data, sort again the combined dataset by id and clean the resulting file after inspecting the data. Then merge the resulting combined dataset with the dataset3 using the same common identifiers (say country and year).
10. Generate a new variable (give it a short name too), which is the squared value, divided by 3, of the variable Deposit interest rate.
11. Perform detailed summary statistics analysis of all variables in the combined Stata dataset and transfer the results in a Word file in a proper table format. Commend on your findings (2-3 sentences). Write your name & ID in the Word file and save it.
12. Choose any two variables and perform a t-test of equality of means. Transfer the table results to the saved Word file and commend on your findings (2-3 sentences).
13. Designate one variable as dependent variable (Y) and perform an anova test between the Y var and any other var in your data. Transfer the table results to Word file and commend on your findings (2-3 sentences).
14. Perform a test the equality of distribution of the var GDP growth (annual %) across all levels of the categorical variable Banking crisis dummy. Transfer the table results to Word file and commend on your findings (2-3 sentences).
15. Create a twoway scatter graph of the variables GDP per capita and Population Growth (%) (whatever the names you gave them) and copy and paste properly the graph in the Word file you have created. Commend on your findings (1-2 sentences). Save again.
16. Create a density function graph of the variable GDP growth rate (%) (whatever the name you gave it) and copy and paste the graph in the Word file you have created. Commend on your findings (1-2 sentences). Save again.
17. Add any other analysis, if you may want to, but make sure to be correct.
18. Write the syntax of all the Stata commands you used in your analysis at the end of the Word file. Save again.
19. Upload both the (a) combined Stata dataset and the (b) Word file with your name and student ID on Blackboard
part 2
Recall that your clean, formatted and combined Stata dataset from part 1
should contain the following variables for 5 countries (at least) for 10 years:
a) GDP growth (annual %); Economic / dependent (Y)
b) GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) Economic
c) Population growth (annual %) Economic
d) Population density (people per sq. km of land area) Demographic
e) Population, total Demographic
f) Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$) Financial
g) Deposit interest rate (%) Financial
h) Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high) Institutional
a) Control of Corruption: Estimate [CC.EST] Institutional
b) Government Effectiveness: Estimate [GE.EST] Institutional
c) Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism: Estimate [PV.EST] Institutional
d) Regulatory Quality: Estimate [RQ.EST] Institutional
e) Rule of Law: Estimate [RL.EST] Institutional
f) Voice and Accountability: Estimate [VA.EST] Institutional
a) ATMs per 100,000 adults Financial
b) Bank concentration (%) Financial
c) Banking crisis dummy (1=banking crisis, 0=none) Financial
d) Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) Financial
e) Gross portfolio debt assets to GDP (%) Financial
f) Stock market turnover ratio (%) Financial
g) Stock market total value traded to GDP (%) Financial
h) Stock market capitalization to GDP (%) Financial
2. Use the GDP growth rate (%) as your dependent variable Y. Assert that your dependent variable
Y is suitable for an Ordinary-Least-Square (OLS) regression method (Assumption 1).
3. Choose 5 independent variables (regressors). These should include al least 1 economic variable,
1 financial variable, 1 demographic variable, and 1 institutional variable. Run various regressions
until you decide (based on t-test results), which are variables are suitable (statistically
significant) for inclusion in the regression analysis.
4. Check whether the 5 independent variables (taken pairwise) are independent from each other
(Assumption 2). Present the test results in one combined Word table.
5. Check whether the 5+1 variables are normally distributed (Assumption 7). Present the test results
in one combined Word table.
6. Check whether the 5 independent variables (taken altogether) are not collinear among
themselves (calculate and present the correlation matrix) (Assumption 3A). Present the
correlation results in one combined table. If they are collinear (pairwise correlations higher than
50%), then change variables and use others, which are not. Run various regressions until you decide (based on t-test results) which are variables are suitable (statistically significant) for
inclusion in the regression analysis. Present the test results in one combined Word table.
7. Check whether all 5+1 variables have outlier values. If they do, correct for them either by (1) taking the logarithmic transformation of the initial variables or by (2) eliminating them, or by (3) winsorizing them1 (Assumption 4). Explain whether you corrected for outliers and, if yes, how you did it. Present the test results in one combined Word table.
8. Check whether the observations (not the variables) are independent from each other (Assumption 5). Present the test results in one combined Word table.
9. Run a nested regression (one regression line for each and all variables) and present all the results in one Word table.
10. Upload the full Word file with your name and student ID on Blackboard’s

my datas are the “yield_df.csv”, i have too many dats for the countries, please choose the top 10 countries of your choice and follow the “progress report” instructions in thepicture i have uploaded. Also please read the “project proposal” just to have a better understanding. Please turn the datas into Excel format and complete thePower point i have attch according to the “progress report” instructions.

This assignment must be completed in small groups of two to four students. The submission must be a minimum of 500 words in length. Please double space and use a 12-pt font. The submission is expected to be well-written, meeting college level writing standards, with a minimum of three resources. Cite all sources used in meeting the assignment requirements using APA formatting.
Find an example of an actual application of statistics. You may use a video clip found online (a news clip, interview, etc. or an article about a topic of interest that includes statistics. The source must clearly use statistics in addressing the topic and explain the application of statistics to the issue. The article must be included with the submission, and the article/video link must be included in works cited.
Write an introduction paragraph. Define statistics. Provide one or two sentences broadly describing the example situation that applies statistics. Include one or two sentences about why you chose this case.
Summarize the example in detail, stating the type of statistics used and explain them in your own words. Focus on questions such as:
• What kind of statistics were used?
• What do they mean in the context of the situation?
• How were they applied to provide solutions or insights?
• Any other relevant information appropriate to include.
Next, consider what you have learned in this course and compare it to the example. How does the example demonstrate what you learned? How does it help you to understand statistics? What questions do you still have about the application?
Be sure to write a brief conclusion statement as its own paragraph.This assignment must be completed in small groups of two to four students. The submission must be a minimum of 500 words in length. Please double space and use a 12-pt font. The submission is expected to be well-written, meeting college level writing standards, with a minimum of three resources. Cite all sources used in meeting the assignment requirements using APA formatting.
Find an example of an actual application of statistics. You may use a video clip found online (a news clip, interview, etc. or an article about a topic of interest that includes statistics. The source must clearly use statistics in addressing the topic and explain the application of statistics to the issue. The article must be included with the submission, and the article/video link must be included in works cited.
Write an introduction paragraph. Define statistics. Provide one or two sentences broadly describing the example situation that applies statistics. Include one or two sentences about why you chose this case.
Summarize the example in detail, stating the type of statistics used and explain them in your own words. Focus on questions such as:
• What kind of statistics were used?
• What do they mean in the context of the situation?
• How were they applied to provide solutions or insights?
• Any other relevant information appropriate to include.
Next, consider what you have learned in this course and compare it to the example. How does the example demonstrate what you learned? How does it help you to understand statistics? What questions do you still have about the application?
Be sure to write a brief conclusion statement as its own paragraph.This assignment must be completed in small groups of two to four students. The submission must be a minimum of 500 words in length. Please double space and use a 12-pt font. The submission is expected to be well-written, meeting college level writing standards, with a minimum of three resources. Cite all sources used in meeting the assignment requirements using APA formatting.
Find an example of an actual application of statistics. You may use a video clip found online (a news clip, interview, etc. or an article about a topic of interest that includes statistics. The source must clearly use statistics in addressing the topic and explain the application of statistics to the issue. The article must be included with the submission, and the article/video link must be included in works cited.
Write an introduction paragraph. Define statistics. Provide one or two sentences broadly describing the example situation that applies statistics. Include one or two sentences about why you chose this case.
Summarize the example in detail, stating the type of statistics used and explain them in your own words. Focus on questions such as:
• What kind of statistics were used?
• What do they mean in the context of the situation?
• How were they applied to provide solutions or insights?
• Any other relevant information appropriate to include.
Next, consider what you have learned in this course and compare it to the example. How does the example demonstrate what you learned? How does it help you to understand statistics? What questions do you still have about the application?
Be sure to write a brief conclusion statement as its own paragraph.This assignment must be completed in small groups of two to four students. The submission must be a minimum of 500 words in length. Please double space and use a 12-pt font. The submission is expected to be well-written, meeting college level writing standards, with a minimum of three resources. Cite all sources used in meeting the assignment requirements using APA formatting.
Find an example of an actual application of statistics. You may use a video clip found online (a news clip, interview, etc. or an article about a topic of interest that includes statistics. The source must clearly use statistics in addressing the topic and explain the application of statistics to the issue. The article must be included with the submission, and the article/video link must be included in works cited.
Write an introduction paragraph. Define statistics. Provide one or two sentences broadly describing the example situation that applies statistics. Include one or two sentences about why you chose this case.
Summarize the example in detail, stating the type of statistics used and explain them in your own words. Focus on questions such as:
• What kind of statistics were used?
• What do they mean in the context of the situation?
• How were they applied to provide solutions or insights?
• Any other relevant information appropriate to include.
Next, consider what you have learned in this course and compare it to the example. How does the example demonstrate what you learned? How does it help you to understand statistics? What questions do you still have about the application?
Be sure to write a brief conclusion statement as its own paragraph.This assignment must be completed in small groups of two to four students. The submission must be a minimum of 500 words in length. Please double space and use a 12-pt font. The submission is expected to be well-written, meeting college level writing standards, with a minimum of three resources. Cite all sources used in meeting the assignment requirements using APA formatting.
Find an example of an actual application of statistics. You may use a video clip found online (a news clip, interview, etc. or an article about a topic of interest that includes statistics. The source must clearly use statistics in addressing the topic and explain the application of statistics to the issue. The article must be included with the submission, and the article/video link must be included in works cited.
Write an introduction paragraph. Define statistics. Provide one or two sentences broadly describing the example situation that applies statistics. Include one or two sentences about why you chose this case.
Summarize the example in detail, stating the type of statistics used and explain them in your own words. Focus on questions such as:
• What kind of statistics were used?
• What do they mean in the context of the situation?
• How were they applied to provide solutions or insights?
• Any other relevant information appropriate to include.
Next, consider what you have learned in this course and compare it to the example. How does the example demonstrate what you learned? How does it help you to understand statistics? What questions do you still have about the application?
Be sure to write a brief conclusion statement as its own paragraph.

***Instructions are attached and include finding sources on an interesting topic in my field of study which is substance abuse.
I would like the topic to be: “Psilocybin for trauma and stimulant use disorder.”
Further directions are attached and need to be followed please!

The exam will focus heavily on Z-scores, z-score distributions the normal curve, sample and population, and probability. You will need to log into my school canvas and take the exam from there.
YOU MUST SHOW WORK ON A PIECE OF PAPER OR I WILL FAIL. PLEASE. ANY QUESTION THAT REQUIRES WORK TO BE SOLVED WRITE IT DOWN AND UPLOAD IT AFTER.
There will be up to 40 questions and will consist of multiple choice and fill in. This Exam is worth 100 points and points will vary per question. Questions will be shown one at a time. Once you make an answer selection, you cannot go back to make any changes. You will have a total of 90 minutes to complete Exam 2. You will have 1 attempt to complete Exam 2. Once you start Exam 2, your time will start, and you will have 90 minutes to finish in one sitting. You cannot take a break during the Exam and complete it at another time or day.

Please read the instructions paper and write 6-8 sentences as summary and response (opinion) also from 6-8

Read the module 4 Case Assignment. Referencing the three scenarios in the assignment, write a 3-5 page double spaced paper (use APA style) addressing the following as extracted and modified from the reading.
“Each of these research scenarios has at least one feature that potentially reduces its validity. Read through each scenario and try to identify and discuss the problematic feature(s). Make a note of (1) what the feature is; (2) the type of validity it threatens and the effect it might have; and (3) how serious a flaw you judge it to be. Include how you think this problem could be corrected.”
Module 4 Case Study
Sammons, A. (n.d.). Internal & External Validity. Retrieved from
http://www.psychlotron.org.uk/resources/research/AS_ANY_research_validi ty.pdfRead the module 4 Case Assignment. Referencing the three scenarios in the assignment, write a 3-5 page double spaced paper (use APA style) addressing the following as extracted and modified from the reading.
“Each of these research scenarios has at least one feature that potentially reduces its validity. Read through each scenario and try to identify and discuss the problematic feature(s). Make a note of (1) what the feature is; (2) the type of validity it threatens and the effect it might have; and (3) how serious a flaw you judge it to be. Include how you think this problem could be corrected.”
Module 4 Case Study
Sammons, A. (n.d.). Internal & External Validity. Retrieved from
http://www.psychlotron.org.uk/resources/research/AS_ANY_research_validi ty.pdf

Your final project should include Part A and all of the following:
Sampling: A careful description of how the samples were obtained. Be very specific. Include sample sizes, the population of interest, and a description of the sample. Also, include a copy of the survey if you used one.
Data: The actual data and a summary of the counts.
Descriptive Statistics: Any descriptive statistics relevant to your project should be included.
You are required to give the mean, mode, median, and standard deviation of your data (2 sets if you are doing 2 means).
At least two graphs (such as box plots, scatter plots, stem-and-leaf, histograms, etc.) should be part of your project. The graphs can be a way to summarize descriptive statistics.
Hypotheses testing: Show your hypothesis test and discuss any conclusions they suggest
State the hypotheses you will test and formally write them in proper notation
Give the results (reject, fail to reject) and explain what that means in a practical way.
Conclusion:
Discuss the weaknesses of your study.
To what population do you feel comfortable extrapolating your results? Why?
Give suggestions for further work in the area of your topic. Be sure to reference the situation as you discuss your conclusion. (this is a great time to seek out similar published research on your topic, is yours in line with those results? If not why do you think that is?
Explain what leads you to the conclusion(s) that you have drawn.
What would you change if you started this project again? What considerations would you include? Include any areas of caution that a reader or user of your work should be aware of as they make decisions. Was the sample random, was the sample large enough, etc?
References in APA format.

This assignment picks up where the Module Two assignment left off and will use components of that assignment as a foundation.
You have submitted your initial analysis to the sales team at D.M. Pan Real Estate Company. You will continue your analysis of the provided Real Estate Data Spreadsheet spreadsheet using your selected region to complete your analysis. You may refer back to the initial report you developed in the Module Two Assignment Template to continue the work. This document and the National Summary Statistics and Graphs Real Estate Data PDF spreadsheet will support your work on the assignment.
Note: In the report you prepare for the sales team, the dependent, or response, variable (y) should be the listing price and the independent, or predictor, variable (x) should be the square feet.
Using the Module Three Assignment Template Word Document, specifically address the following:
Regression Equation: Provide the regression equation for the line of best fit using the scatterplot from the Module Two assignment.
Determine r: Determine r and what it means. (What is the relationship between the variables?)
Determine the strength of the correlation (weak, moderate, or strong).
Discuss how you determine the direction of the association between the two variables.
Is there a positive or negative association?
What do you see as the direction of the correlation?
Examine the Slope and Intercepts: Examine the slope
and intercept
.
Draw conclusions from the slope and intercept in the context of this problem.
Does the intercept make sense based on your observation of the line of best fit?
Determine the value of the land only.
Note: You can assume, when the square footage of the house is zero, that the price is the value of just the land. This happens when x=0, which is the y-intercept. Does this value make sense in context?
Determine the R-squared Coefficient: Determine the R-squared value.
Discuss what R-squared means in the context of this analysis.
Conclusions: Reflect on the Relationship: Reflect on the relationship between square feet and sales price by answering the following questions:
Is the square footage for homes in your selected region different than for homes overall in the United States?
For every 100 square feet, how much does the price go up (i.e., can you use slope to help identify price changes)?
What square footage range would the graph be best used for? This assignment picks up where the Module Two assignment left off and will use components of that assignment as a foundation.
You have submitted your initial analysis to the sales team at D.M. Pan Real Estate Company. You will continue your analysis of the provided Real Estate Data Spreadsheet spreadsheet using your selected region to complete your analysis. You may refer back to the initial report you developed in the Module Two Assignment Template to continue the work. This document and the National Summary Statistics and Graphs Real Estate Data PDF spreadsheet will support your work on the assignment.
Note: In the report you prepare for the sales team, the dependent, or response, variable (y) should be the listing price and the independent, or predictor, variable (x) should be the square feet.
Using the Module Three Assignment Template Word Document, specifically address the following:
Regression Equation: Provide the regression equation for the line of best fit using the scatterplot from the Module Two assignment.
Determine r: Determine r and what it means. (What is the relationship between the variables?)
Determine the strength of the correlation (weak, moderate, or strong).
Discuss how you determine the direction of the association between the two variables.
Is there a positive or negative association?
What do you see as the direction of the correlation?
Examine the Slope and Intercepts: Examine the slope
and intercept
.
Draw conclusions from the slope and intercept in the context of this problem.
Does the intercept make sense based on your observation of the line of best fit?
Determine the value of the land only.
Note: You can assume, when the square footage of the house is zero, that the price is the value of just the land. This happens when x=0, which is the y-intercept. Does this value make sense in context?
Determine the R-squared Coefficient: Determine the R-squared value.
Discuss what R-squared means in the context of this analysis.
Conclusions: Reflect on the Relationship: Reflect on the relationship between square feet and sales price by answering the following questions:
Is the square footage for homes in your selected region different than for homes overall in the United States?
For every 100 square feet, how much does the price go up (i.e., can you use slope to help identify price changes)?
What square footage range would the graph be best used for?

Using SPSS and correlation analysis analyze the data gathered. Make sure to use different statistical tests and present them within the findings.
At the end kindly summarise stating what other statistical tests are you going to carry out and what is the test used for and why it is relevant to the research.