My research question: “How individual differences in personality and experiences affect one’s dreams”
Audience: People who struggle with nightmares and people who have good dreams and remember them
A possible answer or reason to this question would be people with hard lives or trauma may have nightmares or night terrors. People with less trauma or none may have good dreams or just not have nightmares as often if ever
I need to look into whether personality or experiences even affect dreams. I need to talk to people who have different lives and see what they dream about.
Does life trauma affect your dreams?
Why do you remember some dreams and others you don’t?
Does someone with a mental illness dream the same way someone who doesn’t dreams?
Is there an emotion that causes night terrors to occur?
If someone never had trauma in their life or was never scared would they ever have a nightmare?
Assignment:Note: This assignment is part of your Project 2 grade. Please take extra care with this assignment. This blog is worth 25% of your Project 2 grade. In Unit 1, you did some preliminary research on your topic and now, in Unit 2, you’ve narrowed it down to a research question. As we’ve discussed, however, research questions need to be divided into smaller, manageable questions. For this assignment, you will find two sources that each work to answer questions you have–and that help you move towards an answer for your research question.Purpose: For this assignment, you will find two sources that each work to answer questions you have–and that help you move towards an answer for your research question. You will provide a summary of each and then write a reflection guided by the questions provided below with the goal of helping you and your reader better understand your next steps in developing your larger research project. Your task is to persuade your instructor and classmates that you are exploring effectively, demonstrating intellectual curiosity, reading rhetorically and with an open mind. You will want to show that you are learning something new about your topic with each post and you will ultimately want to show how the process of writing this blog has impacted your understanding of the issue and of the focus of your research project. Audience: Your instructor and classmates
Genre: The genre you are writing in is a blog. Please see the assignment introduction page for more details. Skills learned/practiced: source selection, rhetorical analysis, summary, synthesis
Write your research question at the top of the post.
Then below that, write out the questions that you developed previously (this will be the start of your log). Feel free to include any new questions that have occurred to you since then. Do some research on the library webpageLinks to an external site. or on Google or Google Scholar until you find sources that answer your questions (that you just listed for #2) a) in a way you can understand and b) that help you understand the large conversation better. Be sure to practice lateral reading to ensure that these are reliable sources! Once you’ve found two sources you like: Post a link to each source (I’m looking for 2 sources). Below the link for that source, write the author of the source, title of the source, and location of the source. (For example, his might look like: “Waking up Tomorrow” by John Jones in NYTimes, or “Fundamental Skills for Nurses” by Jana Pickett in Journal for Medicine.)
Then, below each link (so that I know which summary matches which link) include a rhetorical summary with each one of your sources. The Rhetorical Summary for Research Logs Page provides you with the guiding questions that will help you write a rhetorical summary.
Step 3: Reflect on your next steps. After you’ve answered the questions above for each of those sources, post a summary of what you feel you understand about your topic, what you are confused about, what questions you still have. You should also discuss:What questions do you have now that you did not have before? What might you want to research next? (You might consider Guidelines for generating good research topics and questions as you try to come up with questions to follow in your next post.)
What do you understand (overall) about your research question and its potential answers? What aspect of the topic are you most interested in? You will have to start narrowing your research to a smaller sub-topic or question within your general topic. What ideas do you have for this narrowed focus? You might think about the article you’ve found most interesting or what major questions, problem or possible solution, you’ve found most interesting so far. If you were going to explain this topic to someone, what are the parts you would be less confident explaining? What are some phrases or terms that you see repeated a lot in your sources that might help you search for more articles on this topic? (For example, if I’m researching COVID, I might see that some sources refer to it as “coronavirus disease” or SARS-CoV-2. I may see that a lot of sources mention something called “long COVID”.)
Category: Research & Summaries
i nneed propsal about The impact of toxic leadership on employees performance in
i nneed propsal about The impact of toxic leadership on employees performance in the healthcare sector
topic: modernity my research question is : How do advancements in technology sh
topic: modernity my research question is : How do advancements in technology shape cultural norms and society?
guideline :
– powerpoint with the main points of 10 slides about the research question topic
– outline paper of the research paper – write a research paper 15 paper length typed in double spaced and not large font without the cover page and references page in other two pages that means will be 17 page 15 typed and 2 the cover page and refernces page – zero plagiarism will add the documents that you must the source from down and only from them and at the end add them to the reference page in apa style – important only use the sources i will attach to avoid getting zero
I want help to present a brief literature review of articles (healthcare leader
I want help to present a brief literature review of articles (healthcare leadership in the Saudi Arabia region, in the last 10 years)
I want you to summarize those articles and tell me:
1- The objectives.
2- Study methods and their findings. 3- Summarize the overall findings of the studies done. 4- Send me a copy of those articles as well.
5- Research Strategy
6- Follow chart
topic: modernity my research question is : How do advancements in technology sh
topic: modernity my research question is : How do advancements in technology shape cultural norms and society?
guideline :
– powerpoint with the main points of 10 slides about the research question topic
– outline paper of the research paper – write a research paper 15 paper length typed in double spaced and not large font without the cover page and references page in other two pages that means will be 17 page 15 typed and 2 the cover page and refernces page – zero plagiarism will add the documents that you must the source from down and only from them and at the end add them to the reference page in apa style – important only use the sources i will attach to avoid getting zero
I want help to present a brief literature review of articles (healthcare leader
I want help to present a brief literature review of articles (healthcare leadership in the Saudi Arabia region, in the last 10 years)
I want you to summarize those articles and tell me:
1- The objectives.
2- Study methods and their findings. 3- Summarize the overall findings of the studies done. 4- Send me a copy of those articles as well.
5- Research Strategy
6- Follow chart
Here is the discussion and I want you to respond to it with 50 words The first p
Here is the discussion and I want you to respond to it with 50 words
The first piece of legislation that greatly affected the Administration for Community Living is the Elder Justice Act. This piece of legislation is the first act that addresses elder abuse and neglect. The passing of this legislation helped to provide more protection for adults in long term care settings and it also allowed a federal response to reported acts of elder abuse. The Elder Justice Act helped to act as a place of authority for the ACL. The other piece of legislation that I wanted to talk about today was the Balancing Incentive Program (BIP). This program allowed financial incentives as a tool to urge states to better meet the needs of people needing LTSS. This program helped bring awareness to the different needs of older and disabled adults. This also helped shift from institutionalized care to community living. The Affordable Care Act influence the ACL by helping to improve long term care and long term services and supports for older adults. The ACA also helped extend healthcare insurance to many others. I do believe that the ACL has helped to further show what older adults and people with disabilities need. Studies have shown that many people prefer ACL to being instutionalized. The ACL helps push away from making instutionalizing older adults and people with disabilities the normal procedure.
Here is the discussion and I want you to respond to it with 50 words The first p
Here is the discussion and I want you to respond to it with 50 words
The first piece of legislation that greatly affected the Administration for Community Living is the Elder Justice Act. This piece of legislation is the first act that addresses elder abuse and neglect. The passing of this legislation helped to provide more protection for adults in long term care settings and it also allowed a federal response to reported acts of elder abuse. The Elder Justice Act helped to act as a place of authority for the ACL. The other piece of legislation that I wanted to talk about today was the Balancing Incentive Program (BIP). This program allowed financial incentives as a tool to urge states to better meet the needs of people needing LTSS. This program helped bring awareness to the different needs of older and disabled adults. This also helped shift from institutionalized care to community living. The Affordable Care Act influence the ACL by helping to improve long term care and long term services and supports for older adults. The ACA also helped extend healthcare insurance to many others. I do believe that the ACL has helped to further show what older adults and people with disabilities need. Studies have shown that many people prefer ACL to being instutionalized. The ACL helps push away from making instutionalizing older adults and people with disabilities the normal procedure.
Assignment #2: Research Questions/Hypothesis You are asked to complete a paper j
Assignment #2: Research Questions/Hypothesis
You are asked to complete a paper justifying your tentative communication research question/hypothesis. The research question/hypothesis should be based upon an initial (exploratory) review of research in the approved research topic.
The paper should be two to three pages in length. Youshould provide a justification/rationale/reasoning that leads to your research question or hypothesis. The research question/hypothesis should follow the justification/rationale/reasoning. This brief justification should use at least two sources of scholarly support. You should list the sources in APA style at the end of your assignment.
Below is more in depth explanation about the assignment by course professor
From the last assignment, Topic & Annotated Bibliography, I’ve learned the topic of your interest. Next, I need you to narrow it down to a testable research question or hypothesis.
For example, let’s say Adam is interested in how couples deal with conflict. This is a good topic, yet it’s too broad. If Adam plans to research all aspects of how couples deal with conflict, Adam is going to write a book on this project. The problem is that you don’t want to write a book in this course, and I don’t want to read a book from each of you in this course either. So, let’s narrow it down!
From the Topic & Annotated Bibliography, you collected some scholarly journal articles that are relevant to your topic. Please take a close look at them, and you’d find all of them come with research questions and/or hypotheses. You also can see how those authors justified their thoughts, integrated existing theories, synthesized previous studies, and provided arguments before they posed their research questions and/or hypotheses. This part of writing is called Literature Review, and you are not there yet. The Research Question/Hypothesis assignment is part of literature review, and you are to provide an argument/rationale/justification that leads to your research question or hypothesis. Here, please notice that I use research question or hypothesis instead of research questionS or hypotheSES because this is how you can narrow down. In other words, you are to have one research question OR one hypothesis for the research project in this course whereas a regular research study contains multiple research questions and/or hypotheses.
Given that a research question/hypothesis typically involves one independent variable (IV) and one dependent variable (DV), the scope of your course project would be more specific and concentrated. In this course project, if you have one research question (RQ)/hypothesis (H), you are fine. If you have two RQs/Hs, you are also fine. If you have three RQs/Hs, please reconsider, but it’s still OK. However, if you have four or more RQs/Hs, you would hate me and I would hate you.
That is, in the Research Question/Hypothesis assignment, you are to write up your rationale/argument/justification between your IV and DV. Then, pose your RQ or H. Let’s say, you’ve got X as your IV and Y as your DV. You are going to provide one or two paragraphs to make an argument about how X and Y are related, such as:
According to A and B (2006), X can be categorized as ….. Given that one important characteristic of X is related to …. There is a potential link between X and Y. AS C and D (2013) suggested, Y is ….. It appears that X and Y are connected under the situation of … Therefore, I propose the following hypothesis.
H: X is associated with Y.
Then, in a new page, list your references.
A & B (2006). …
C & D (2013). …
We also can go back to Adam’s example. Adam is interested in how couples deal with conflict. After research, Adam decides to narrow down to gender difference in conflict management. Now, gender serves as the IV for Adam, yet conflict management is still too broad. As Rahim and Magner (1995) suggested, there are five conflict management styles, avoiding, accommodating, compromising, competing, and collaborating. Adam rationalizes that he would focus on avoiding, so avoiding serves as Adam’s DV. In the write-up, Adam would write:
According to A and B (2014), husbands tend to withdraw whereas wives tend to demand when in arguments. Particularly, C and D (2007) found that … Furthermore, E and F (2013) also found that … Put these together, I propose the following hypothesis.
H: Men are more likely than women to use avoiding in a conflict situation.
References
A & B (2014). …
C & D (2007). …
E & F (2013). …
Both RQ and H are the descriptions of the predicted behaviors. They can either be the prediction of relationship or difference.
When you don’t have enough evidence (previous studies) to support your rationale, you pose a RQ.
RQ: How is instructor teaching style related to student perceptions of classroom climate?
When you have enough evidence (previous studies) to support your rationale, you pose a H.
H: There is a relationship between instructor teaching style and student perception of classroom climate.
When you have enough and specific evidence to support your rationale, you pose a directional H.
H: As personalization of teaching increases, student perceptions of classroom climate increase.
**You do not pose a RQ and also a H corresponding to the RQ. For the same behavior, you either have a RQ or a H.
** If you are taking a qualitative approach, you may have RQ only.
Below is the already completed annotated bibliography. Take sources from that.
Topic: Racial Discrimination & its effect on Communicating
Racial discrimination is extremely important and has affected the world for generations. Understanding racial prejudice improves cultural competence, or the capacity to effectively communicate and engage with people from other backgrounds. This understanding assists individuals in navigating cultural nuances and avoiding unintended biases in communication. Awareness of racial discrimination promotes the development of effective communication abilities. Individuals can learn to communicate properly, appreciating other people’s viewpoints and experiences while avoiding words or behaviors that reinforce stereotypes or contribute to discrimination.
Came, H., & Griffith, D. (2018). Tackling racism as a “wicked” public health problem: Enabling allies in anti-racism praxis. Social Science & Medicine, 199, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.028
This article was extremely helpful to me in getting my research started. It talks about how racism is a wicked public health problem. There needs to be a power-based framework proposed for addressing institutional racism and inequity. It also talks about the importance of those putting forth efforts to combat this systematic racism that has oppressed people for years. It gives great examples of what racism is and how to combat it.
Efimoff, I. H., & Starzyk, K. B. (2023). The impact of education about historical and current injustices, individual racism and systemic racism on anti‐indigenous racism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 53(7), 1542–1562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2987
This article was great at informing me about the impact education about these uncomfortable topics has on the overall public. Being able to understand why people act and move a certain way can be really helpful. We need to do a better job together at combating racism as a whole. This article did a great job at putting into perspective the actual effect education has on racism.
Payne, B. K., & Hannay, J. W. (2021). Implicit bias reflects systemic racism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(11), 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.08.001
This article was extremely informative and helpful. It described implicit bias as automatically evoked mental associations about social groups. It describes long term change as more likely to come from directly changing systems, policies, and processes that sustain inequalities. This implicit bias is argued to be almost a direct cognitive reflect of systematic racism. This article does a great job in diving into the way one thinks.
Nuru-Jeter, A., Dominguez, T. P., Hammond, W. P., Leu, J., Skaff, M., Egerter, S., Jones, C. P., & Braveman, P. (2008). “it’s the skin you’re in”: African-American women talk about their experiences of racism. an exploratory study to develop measures of racism for birth outcome studies. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-008-0357-x
This article was also extremely helpful and informative. The focus of this article was women and their experiences with racism. This article explored the racism experiences of childbearing women and the effect that it has on them and or their children. Biologically it is plausible that racism could affect health, which includes birth outcomes, through different pathways. One of these pathways included is stress.
Yearby, R. (2020). Structural racism and Health Disparities. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(3), 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958876
This article was extremely helpful in my research. It is known that different social factors cause racial inequalities. Now, the goal of the people is to figure out the best ways to put an end to this. This article also talks about how these racial inequalities result in racial health disparities. Overall, great job here discussing the ways structural racism causes racial health disparities and how we are progressing towards equality in this aspect.
Gee, G. C., Hing, A., Mohammed, S., Tabor, D. C., & Williams, D. R. (2019). Racism and the life course: Taking time seriously. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1). https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304766
This article was extremely helpful in my research. Racism and its forms, such as racial discrimination, have gained prominence in the study of health disparities. The most recent strides related to this topic include an elaboration as to the types of biomarkers, often connected to stress and allostatic load, that are related to self-reported discrimination. This article also talks about and argues that time is a determinant of health inequities. It is fundamental to health promotion and maintaining social relationships.
Goodman, S., & Rowe, L. (2013). ‘maybe it is prejudice … but it is not racism’: Negotiating racism in discussion forums about Gypsies. Discourse & Society, 25(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513508856
This article was also extremely helpful in my research. It talked about the Gypsies, another under-appreciated and discriminated group of people in the UK. This article did a great job at addressing the ways in which opposition towards Gypsies is debated and what prejudice/racism is shown to them. It also did a great job talking about the effects this had on the Gypsies and how they progressed.
Mudambi, A., Lawless, B., Chen, Y.-W., & Asante, G. A. (2023). Examining the double bind of anti-racism in (u.s.-based) communication programs’ statements against racism. Howard Journal of Communications, 35(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2023.2247371
This article was also extremely helpful in my research. This article talks about the effects of racism on black Americans and Asian American/Pacific Islanders. It talks about where this racism stems from and how to combat it. This article also argues that this double bind functions in response to the need to address multiple, overlapping publics. Overall, this article was really informative.
Wagner, T. R. (2021). Racist attitudes versus actions: A replication proposal activity of LaPiere’s 1934 research to understand the communication of racism. Communication Teacher, 36(4), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2021.2003414
I enjoyed this article and it was really helpful to my research. This article explored the connection between attitudes and behaviors in the context of racism. It provides distinction between racist actions and attitudes. This article did a great job exploring and elaborating on this topic of racism from a college campus/standpoint. Now more than ever we are having these talks about racism and figuring out how to combat it together. This article also did a good job explaining how this relates to communication.
Harris, T. M., Janovec, A., Murray, S., Gubbala, S., & Robinson, A. (2018). Communicating racism: A study of racial microaggressions in a Southern University and the local community. Southern Communication Journal, 84(2), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2018.1492008
This last source was also extensively helpful to me in capping off my research. The goal of this article/study was to identify specific communication behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal that identify as either a racial microaggression or a contributing factor to the likelihood of one occurring. This article did a great job of explaining the differences one can face and how to respond to such. It also talked about how students of color at a predominantly white institution have to deal with racism. Overall, this was a great source.
Assignment #2: Research Questions/Hypothesis You are asked to complete a paper j
Assignment #2: Research Questions/Hypothesis
You are asked to complete a paper justifying your tentative communication research question/hypothesis. The research question/hypothesis should be based upon an initial (exploratory) review of research in the approved research topic.
The paper should be two to three pages in length. Youshould provide a justification/rationale/reasoning that leads to your research question or hypothesis. The research question/hypothesis should follow the justification/rationale/reasoning. This brief justification should use at least two sources of scholarly support. You should list the sources in APA style at the end of your assignment.
Below is more in depth explanation about the assignment by course professor
From the last assignment, Topic & Annotated Bibliography, I’ve learned the topic of your interest. Next, I need you to narrow it down to a testable research question or hypothesis.
For example, let’s say Adam is interested in how couples deal with conflict. This is a good topic, yet it’s too broad. If Adam plans to research all aspects of how couples deal with conflict, Adam is going to write a book on this project. The problem is that you don’t want to write a book in this course, and I don’t want to read a book from each of you in this course either. So, let’s narrow it down!
From the Topic & Annotated Bibliography, you collected some scholarly journal articles that are relevant to your topic. Please take a close look at them, and you’d find all of them come with research questions and/or hypotheses. You also can see how those authors justified their thoughts, integrated existing theories, synthesized previous studies, and provided arguments before they posed their research questions and/or hypotheses. This part of writing is called Literature Review, and you are not there yet. The Research Question/Hypothesis assignment is part of literature review, and you are to provide an argument/rationale/justification that leads to your research question or hypothesis. Here, please notice that I use research question or hypothesis instead of research questionS or hypotheSES because this is how you can narrow down. In other words, you are to have one research question OR one hypothesis for the research project in this course whereas a regular research study contains multiple research questions and/or hypotheses.
Given that a research question/hypothesis typically involves one independent variable (IV) and one dependent variable (DV), the scope of your course project would be more specific and concentrated. In this course project, if you have one research question (RQ)/hypothesis (H), you are fine. If you have two RQs/Hs, you are also fine. If you have three RQs/Hs, please reconsider, but it’s still OK. However, if you have four or more RQs/Hs, you would hate me and I would hate you.
That is, in the Research Question/Hypothesis assignment, you are to write up your rationale/argument/justification between your IV and DV. Then, pose your RQ or H. Let’s say, you’ve got X as your IV and Y as your DV. You are going to provide one or two paragraphs to make an argument about how X and Y are related, such as:
According to A and B (2006), X can be categorized as ….. Given that one important characteristic of X is related to …. There is a potential link between X and Y. AS C and D (2013) suggested, Y is ….. It appears that X and Y are connected under the situation of … Therefore, I propose the following hypothesis.
H: X is associated with Y.
Then, in a new page, list your references.
A & B (2006). …
C & D (2013). …
We also can go back to Adam’s example. Adam is interested in how couples deal with conflict. After research, Adam decides to narrow down to gender difference in conflict management. Now, gender serves as the IV for Adam, yet conflict management is still too broad. As Rahim and Magner (1995) suggested, there are five conflict management styles, avoiding, accommodating, compromising, competing, and collaborating. Adam rationalizes that he would focus on avoiding, so avoiding serves as Adam’s DV. In the write-up, Adam would write:
According to A and B (2014), husbands tend to withdraw whereas wives tend to demand when in arguments. Particularly, C and D (2007) found that … Furthermore, E and F (2013) also found that … Put these together, I propose the following hypothesis.
H: Men are more likely than women to use avoiding in a conflict situation.
References
A & B (2014). …
C & D (2007). …
E & F (2013). …
Both RQ and H are the descriptions of the predicted behaviors. They can either be the prediction of relationship or difference.
When you don’t have enough evidence (previous studies) to support your rationale, you pose a RQ.
RQ: How is instructor teaching style related to student perceptions of classroom climate?
When you have enough evidence (previous studies) to support your rationale, you pose a H.
H: There is a relationship between instructor teaching style and student perception of classroom climate.
When you have enough and specific evidence to support your rationale, you pose a directional H.
H: As personalization of teaching increases, student perceptions of classroom climate increase.
**You do not pose a RQ and also a H corresponding to the RQ. For the same behavior, you either have a RQ or a H.
** If you are taking a qualitative approach, you may have RQ only.
Below is the already completed annotated bibliography. Take sources from that.
Topic: Racial Discrimination & its effect on Communicating
Racial discrimination is extremely important and has affected the world for generations. Understanding racial prejudice improves cultural competence, or the capacity to effectively communicate and engage with people from other backgrounds. This understanding assists individuals in navigating cultural nuances and avoiding unintended biases in communication. Awareness of racial discrimination promotes the development of effective communication abilities. Individuals can learn to communicate properly, appreciating other people’s viewpoints and experiences while avoiding words or behaviors that reinforce stereotypes or contribute to discrimination.
Came, H., & Griffith, D. (2018). Tackling racism as a “wicked” public health problem: Enabling allies in anti-racism praxis. Social Science & Medicine, 199, 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.028
This article was extremely helpful to me in getting my research started. It talks about how racism is a wicked public health problem. There needs to be a power-based framework proposed for addressing institutional racism and inequity. It also talks about the importance of those putting forth efforts to combat this systematic racism that has oppressed people for years. It gives great examples of what racism is and how to combat it.
Efimoff, I. H., & Starzyk, K. B. (2023). The impact of education about historical and current injustices, individual racism and systemic racism on anti‐indigenous racism. European Journal of Social Psychology, 53(7), 1542–1562. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2987
This article was great at informing me about the impact education about these uncomfortable topics has on the overall public. Being able to understand why people act and move a certain way can be really helpful. We need to do a better job together at combating racism as a whole. This article did a great job at putting into perspective the actual effect education has on racism.
Payne, B. K., & Hannay, J. W. (2021). Implicit bias reflects systemic racism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(11), 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.08.001
This article was extremely informative and helpful. It described implicit bias as automatically evoked mental associations about social groups. It describes long term change as more likely to come from directly changing systems, policies, and processes that sustain inequalities. This implicit bias is argued to be almost a direct cognitive reflect of systematic racism. This article does a great job in diving into the way one thinks.
Nuru-Jeter, A., Dominguez, T. P., Hammond, W. P., Leu, J., Skaff, M., Egerter, S., Jones, C. P., & Braveman, P. (2008). “it’s the skin you’re in”: African-American women talk about their experiences of racism. an exploratory study to develop measures of racism for birth outcome studies. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-008-0357-x
This article was also extremely helpful and informative. The focus of this article was women and their experiences with racism. This article explored the racism experiences of childbearing women and the effect that it has on them and or their children. Biologically it is plausible that racism could affect health, which includes birth outcomes, through different pathways. One of these pathways included is stress.
Yearby, R. (2020). Structural racism and Health Disparities. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 48(3), 518–526. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520958876
This article was extremely helpful in my research. It is known that different social factors cause racial inequalities. Now, the goal of the people is to figure out the best ways to put an end to this. This article also talks about how these racial inequalities result in racial health disparities. Overall, great job here discussing the ways structural racism causes racial health disparities and how we are progressing towards equality in this aspect.
Gee, G. C., Hing, A., Mohammed, S., Tabor, D. C., & Williams, D. R. (2019). Racism and the life course: Taking time seriously. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1). https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304766
This article was extremely helpful in my research. Racism and its forms, such as racial discrimination, have gained prominence in the study of health disparities. The most recent strides related to this topic include an elaboration as to the types of biomarkers, often connected to stress and allostatic load, that are related to self-reported discrimination. This article also talks about and argues that time is a determinant of health inequities. It is fundamental to health promotion and maintaining social relationships.
Goodman, S., & Rowe, L. (2013). ‘maybe it is prejudice … but it is not racism’: Negotiating racism in discussion forums about Gypsies. Discourse & Society, 25(1), 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926513508856
This article was also extremely helpful in my research. It talked about the Gypsies, another under-appreciated and discriminated group of people in the UK. This article did a great job at addressing the ways in which opposition towards Gypsies is debated and what prejudice/racism is shown to them. It also did a great job talking about the effects this had on the Gypsies and how they progressed.
Mudambi, A., Lawless, B., Chen, Y.-W., & Asante, G. A. (2023). Examining the double bind of anti-racism in (u.s.-based) communication programs’ statements against racism. Howard Journal of Communications, 35(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2023.2247371
This article was also extremely helpful in my research. This article talks about the effects of racism on black Americans and Asian American/Pacific Islanders. It talks about where this racism stems from and how to combat it. This article also argues that this double bind functions in response to the need to address multiple, overlapping publics. Overall, this article was really informative.
Wagner, T. R. (2021). Racist attitudes versus actions: A replication proposal activity of LaPiere’s 1934 research to understand the communication of racism. Communication Teacher, 36(4), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2021.2003414
I enjoyed this article and it was really helpful to my research. This article explored the connection between attitudes and behaviors in the context of racism. It provides distinction between racist actions and attitudes. This article did a great job exploring and elaborating on this topic of racism from a college campus/standpoint. Now more than ever we are having these talks about racism and figuring out how to combat it together. This article also did a good job explaining how this relates to communication.
Harris, T. M., Janovec, A., Murray, S., Gubbala, S., & Robinson, A. (2018). Communicating racism: A study of racial microaggressions in a Southern University and the local community. Southern Communication Journal, 84(2), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794x.2018.1492008
This last source was also extensively helpful to me in capping off my research. The goal of this article/study was to identify specific communication behaviors, both verbal and nonverbal that identify as either a racial microaggression or a contributing factor to the likelihood of one occurring. This article did a great job of explaining the differences one can face and how to respond to such. It also talked about how students of color at a predominantly white institution have to deal with racism. Overall, this was a great source.