Category: Political Science

Answer these two questions in the form of an essay. This essay should include specifics from each of the topics discussed in the questions as well as be VERY DETAILED. It is crucial that you show opinion and delve deep into these topics, it should not just be general ideas. This essay must show detail and COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE of the topics. The lectures are linked below, and as much specific information from the lectures as possible should be included and detailed in the essay.
Questions:
1. Compare and contrast the major political ideas of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Focus on similarities and differences regarding their world views, core values, goals, strategies and tactics.
2. Discuss some of the issues confronted by the LGBT community in the United States. What are some of the ways that the LGBT movement has responded to these issues? How successful has the movement been?
RUBRIC for highest points:
Superior work: The essay demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of major concepts. Knowledge of the material is thorough, detailed and illustrated with specific examples drawn from the reading and class discussions. Ideas are very well organized and clearly presented. Insight and creativity are apparent.

As we will discuss in class, many Americans have expressed worries that the Supreme Court’s Citizens United ruling has opened the floodgates to unlimited spending on electioneering communications. They fear that this development undermines democracy, in part by making politicians unduly beholden to wealthier interests. Furthermore, because the ruling is based on the Supreme Court’s interpretations of the First Amendment, this situation is unlikely to change soon.
However, the Brennan Center for Justice advocates that the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) institute disclosure requirements for all for-profit and nonprofit corporations so that the public, including investors in such corporations, would be aware of such spending (Indeed, the Brennan Center points out that the majority opinion of Citizens United expresses support for disclosure requirements in principle).
Assignment
Please read over the Brennan Center’s position paper (the attached) on this subject (You may skip pages 9-12). Next, please write a 6-8 page paper regarding your thoughts on what this paper proposes. You will need to demonstrate an understanding of the proposal and then answer two questions in particular: What consequences would result if the SEC were to implement such disclosure requirements? Would you support their implementation? Why or why not? (The writer can pick whether they agree or not, but they cannot describe both sides of the argument)

Describe how disinformation affects current political processes. Use specific states, elections, or events as examples.
Resources:
The Politicization and Framing of Migration in West Africa: Transition to Democracy as a Game Changer?
Democracy and Fake News: Information Manipulation and Post-Truth Politics
Chapter 1 only
Refugee Perceptions toward Democratic Citizenship: A Narrative Analysis of North Koreans
The Covid-19 crisis and ‘critical juncture’ in cultural policy: a comparative analysis of cultural policy responses in South Korea, Japan and China
From Grassroots Activism to Disinformation: Social Media in Southeast Asia
Chapter 1 only, pages 1-18

The Essay Topic:
How Democratic Is the American Constitution? Robert A. Dahl asked this just over twenty years ago. America’s government didn’t seem perfect then, but it seemed far less troubled than it does today. In the book Dahl argues (1) that a system of government should ensure political equality and (2) that in several ways, the U.S. Constitution doesn’t do so. Is Dahl right about political equality? Are his judgments persuasive, even today, about why our Constitution doesn’t ensure it?
Please answer these questions in a coherent and thoughtful essay.
Your essay should be thesis driven, and its length should be about 1500 to 2000 words. You should support your thesis with evidence and reasoning, and you should also show an awareness of class sessions, discussion sections, and the full range of readings assigned on democracy.
A Background Note:
The essay topic asks you to answer two separate questions. Political philosophers and political scientists disagree about how to answer them; you should do your best. You should understand that American politics was becoming divided by the time Dahl wrote this book. We’d just had a bitterly contested election between George W. Bush and Al
Gore. Still, no one was imagining Donald Trump as a possible president. We’d never had an attempted coup, and we’d never deposed a Speaker of the House. You might—but might not—find these questions useful as you develop evidence:
• What did past writers, from Aristotle to John Adams, think about political equality?
• Does Dahl give enough emphasis—or too much emphasis—to money in our politics?
• Democracy seems to work well in several Nordic countries. Are they relevant to us?

Why is Congress so partisan? Can you think of ways to reduce partisanship? Are there any advantages to drawing strong partisan lines between Republicans and Democrats?
Or
Should it be easier to pass laws through Congress than it is presently? What, if any, benefits do all the checking and balancing provide
Please avoid using a.I or chat cgt

Write a 7-10-page paper on “The Effects of Globalization on Employment and International Trade.” Paper should also focus on what China expects from its partnerships with African countries and the impacts of its aid and investment on the continent. Also, address whether the United States and China are competing for influence, access, and resources in Africa and how they might cooperate in the region. APA format, no plagiarism, using scholarly articles only! Please include as a part of your paper a cover page, abstract, table of contents, and bibliography along with your substantive analysis

Write a 2000-2500 research literature review on elders being vulnerable during war. The essay must include 8 article journals, 2 academic books, The annotated bibliography should be 350-500 words on why you chose this article to use in the book. Also this should not be included in the essay. This is my third time having to submit pay for this assignment because it was not done right. If you have any questions please ask me!

Read the 2015 reports and progress charts of the UN Millennium Development Goals: https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/reports.shtml 1. What are the success and failures of each goal? (can pick 1 or 2 goals) 2. What explains the success and failure of each goal? 3. How does political culture and political stability in different countries relate to the success with MDGs?

4 pages not include the refrence
Please look at the document(move response papers instructors) for details
No summary or recap at all please
Watch Movie : Who is Dayani Cristal? (2013), directed by Marc Silver
Here is the movie link:
the reading:
The 2009 Honduran Coup & Its Legacies
lNevins, J. (2016, October 31). How US Policy In Honduras Set The Stage For Today’s Mass Migration. The Conversation.
Excerpts: Frank, D. (2018). The long Honduran night: Resistance, terror, and the United States in the aftermath of the coup. Haymarket Books. Pages 1-25; 48-51..pdf
Frank‐Vitale, A., & Martínez d’Aubuisson, J. J. (2020). The generation of the coup: Honduran youth at risk and of risk.
Blume, L., Meza, D., & Heath, P. (2023, January 31). Honduran Women Leaders in the Crosshairs. NACLA Report on the Americas.
Narcos & Violence in Central America
Blume, L. R., & Sauls, L. A. (2022, January 13). Combating Narcos or Criminalizing Indigeneity?
Ziosi, E. (2022). Enablers of Cocaine Trafficking: Evidence of the State-Crime Nexus from Contemporary Honduras. Journal of Illicit Economies and Development, 4(2), 144–159.
Main, A. (2014). The US re-militarization of Central America and Mexico. NACLA Report on the Americas, 47(2), 65-70.
Ballvé, T., & McSweeney, K. (2020). The ‘Colombianisation’ of Central America: Misconceptions, Mischaracterisations and the Military-Agroindustrial Complex. Journal of Latin American Studies, 1–25
Narco-deforestation, Climate Change, & MigrationlMcSweeney, Kendra, et al. “Drug policy as conservation policy: narco-deforestation.” Science 343.6170 (2014): 489-490.
McSweeney, Drug Policy as Conservation Policy: Narco-Deforestation.pdf
Villamizar, M. (2021). Are Hondurans the new climate refugees? Al Jazeera: Podcast The Take
Herrera, J. S., & Martinez-Alvarez, C. B. (2022). Diversifying violence: Mining, export-agriculture, and criminal governance in Mexico. World Development, 151, 105769.
Glazebrook, T., & Opoku, E. (2018). Defending the Defenders: Environmental Protectors, Climate Change and Human Rights. Ethics and the Environment, 23(2), 83–109.
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The reading for The 2009 Honduran Coup & Its Legacies is attached

Your response should be in your own words , discuss if you agree or disagree with each post, then provide valuable feedback to each classmate.
Respond to each post separately, this is a discussion post to another student. Not an essay.
Respond to classmate #1
Brown v. Entertainment Merchant’s Association is a very complex Supreme Court case involving balancing where government can impose limitations on freedom of expression and the protection of freedom of expression for individuals. Just to give a little background on this case for context purposes, many companies and corporations brought a declaratory judgment action against the state of California in a California federal district court because of a new law that was passed which prohibited the direct sale or rental of violent video games to minors and required these games to be appropriately labeled. The plaintiffs argued this in court stating it violated the First and Fourteenth Amendment with the district court and U.S. Court of Appeals both ruling in favor of the plaintiffs. Eventually, this came to the Supreme Court where it ruled in a 7-2 decision affirmed the lower court ruling. In my opinion, I believe the Supreme Court made the correct decision in this case for a few reasons. For one, Justice Scalia stated “Like the protected books, plays, and movies that preceded them, video games communicate ideas through many familiar literary devices and through features distinctive to the medium. Justice Scalia mentions that because of this, it is protected under the First Amendment. Under the Constitution which is stated by Scalia in the textbook, “esthetic and moral judgements about art and literature are for the individual to make, not for the Government to decree.” Even in the concurring opinions of Justice Alto and Justice Joins, bringing up Ginsberg v. New York and how there is a critical difference between obscenity laws and laws regulating violence in entertainment. These justices state how obscenity had already been prohibited by the time Ginsberg v. New York came about and there isn’t any similar history regarding expression of violence. For these reasons that I have stated, is why I believe the Supreme Court’s decision is correct. 
Respond to classmate #2
    Brown v. Entertainment Merchant’s Association was certainly an interesting case, being that video games are so prevalent. In this instance, California enacted legislation, which made it unlawful to sell or rent violent video games to individuals under the age of 18. Retailers who contravened this statute could be subjected to fines. The law classified violent video games as those primarily focused on depicting violent acts leading to the killing or maiming of human characters. It also mandated the labeling of these video games and established a distinct legal offense for their sale to minors. The issue raised in the Court was whether this legislation violated First Amendment rights for individuals to articulate expression. In a 7-2 decision, the majority ruled that this was indeed a violation of the First Amendment, and ruled the legislation unconstitutional overall. I personally agree with majority’s decision for several reasons. Video games are similar to movies, TV shows, and books, in the sense that all can exhibit such ideas and communication that should be protected under the First Amendment’s protection of speech and expression. There was also not sufficient evidence or information in the case to demonstrate how video games demonstrated a convincing interest in justifying the restriction of the sale to minors, according to the Strict Scrutiny Standard.
    Although I agree with the majority opinion, Justice Breyer did bring about compelling points in his dissent that are worth considering. He specifically argued how video games have a significant impact on children, more specifically explaining how the exposure to violent video games resulted in aggressive behavior. While I can agree with this point of view, I do not think it is the responsibility of the States, much less the federal government, to decide what video games children have access to. It is understandable that the state of California may have been looking out for the well-being of the children, however, I believe this has more to do with the responsibilities and decisions that parents would like to enforce on the protection of their own children’s mental health and behavior. While Breyer does acknowledge this fact, he suggests that the legislation of the state was another contribution to this fact, in which I do not agree with. Unfortunately, even if such legislation would’ve been ruled constitutional, what’s to stop an individual from still retrieving the game from a black market? If anything, this would only hurt the business and still leave the problem unresolved. Like Justice Scalia explains, there are several alternatives that can help alleviate violent behavior caused by video games like parental discretion in monitoring what their children are viewing and playing, parental controls, and industry ratings.