Category: Political Science

Please answer the following questions individually.
For questions 2-5 use SPSS answer.
(1.) To utilize a means test (independent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA) the dependent variable must be continuous, and the independent variable must be categorical.
True or False
(2.) Use the data located https://drive.google.com/file/d/17VDHfYUA5oxQUyDJrLxqsWpXbSoKEocq/view?usp=sharing Links to an external site. THE NEXT THREE QUESTIONS ARE MULTI-SELECT QUESTIONS. BE SURE TO SELECT ALL THE ANSWERS THAT APPLY!
Question: The variable ASMath1 is the first time a group of students took a math placement exam. The variable ASMATH2 is the second time the students took the test at the end of the semester. Select the appropriate test to assess if students significantly increased their math scores. After running your test select all that apply.
The correct test in this scenario is a paired sample t-test.
(A.) On average, the students decreased their math score by 2.5 points.
(B.) Our test revealed that there was a significant increase in math scores by the end of the semester.
(C.) Our test revealed that there was NOT a significant increase in math scores by the end of the semester.
(D.) On average, the students increased their math score by 2.5 points.
(3.) Use the variable ASMATH2 to test the following situation. The principal of the school wants to know how the students’ math scores compare to the district and state average. The average math score in the district is 17 and the state average is 14.5. Which test is most appropriate and based on your assessment, are the student’s test scores significantly different from the district and state average?
(A.) The correct test in this scenario is a one sample t-test.
(B.) The mean math score is 16.02.
(C.) Our test revealed that there was a significant difference in math scores between state but not the district average.
(D.) Our test revealed that there was a significant difference in math scores between district but not the state average.
(E.) The correct test in this scenario is a paired sample t-test.
(4.) Use the variable ASMATH2 to test if there are gender difference in math placement scores at the end of the semester. Gender is coded as 0=female and 1=male. Select the appropriate test and select all that apply.
(A.) The correct test in this scenario is an independent sample t-test.
(B.) Our test revealed that there was NOT a significant difference in math placement scores between males and females.
(C.) The correct test in this scenario is a one sample t-test.
(D.) Our test revealed that there was a significant difference in math placement scores between males and females.
(E.) the data is not appropriate to answer this question.
(5.) Use the variable ASMATH2 to test if there are difference in math placement scores by race at the end of the semester. The Race variables is codes as 1=white 2=black and 3=Hispanic. Select the appropriate test and select all that apply.
(A.) The correct test is an independent sample t-test.
(B.) The correct test is a one-way ANOVA.
(C.) The mean score for students who identify as white is 20.12.
(D.) There are not significant differences between the 3 racial categories.
(E.) There are significant differences between white and black students but not Hispanic students.

CH 4 I received feedback and I revised the Chapter but I think still not solve the main feedback I received. (This chapter needs a considerable amount of work, in my view. The methodology is lacking—it’s not clear how you assess the behavior of Congress and it’s not clear where you have ascertained public opinion. You will want to include sources for public opinion. You will also want to provide examples, and hopefully something systematic, documenting when and how Congress refers to or uses public opinion when making decisions. I also found the structure and content of the chapter confusing.) Thank you…

Each student shall select a topic to write a five to seven page paper for this course. The topic must be related to international relations, with specific concentration on one of the following topics: international relation’s theory, international organizations, international conflict and terrorism, international finance, or international economic development. Students are required to select a paper topic that is within one of the broader subfields specified above.
Instructions are as follows:
1) Paper must be 5-7 pages (cover page and bibliography DO NOT count toward page limit)
2) 12-font, double-spaced
3) MLA Format

The Literature Review
The purpose of this assignment is to propose a theoretical perspective that informs your research and assess the scholarly literature that has been written on your research question, including how it informs your research question and hypothesis. It should be 5 pages in length, and accompanied by an audio component (see below).
Content of the literature review:
The literature review should assess (1) which theoretical approach that we have covered in the course best informs your overall argument and hypothesis (e.g., socialization and interest convergence, liberal institutionalism, structural realism, feminist theory, etc.) and (2) evaluate the findings from the scholarly literature that exists on your research topic.
Structure of the written literature review:
The literature review is NOT an annotated bibliography. Rather, it is an analytical exercise in which you evaluate a body of literature. As such, your literature review should be organized by theme (NOT an article-by-article summary). A good literature review is a thoughtful study of what has been written, a summary of the arguments and findings that exist (whether you agree with them or not), and is arranged thematically. The literature review should be written in coherent narrative style. At the end of the evaluation, there should still be gaps in the literature that you intend to fill with your research.
Here is a site explaining various ways to construct a literature review. Note that a good literature review is not a list of sources with description, but it involves synthesis and dissection of sources, with minimal use of quotes.
All references must be cited in Chicago/Turabian format, which means including page numbers.

Each paper is divided intothree parts. Please label each part clearly and keep them separate:
Part One—the idea: In this part (roughly a third of your paper) you need to describe the idea/concept/argument (by the relevant political theorist) that you are going to connect to the film. You must cite only one idea/concept/argument. For Course Paper #2, write your paper based on Module Four, Five, or Six (papers must only use a film/theorist(s) from one Module). Do not discuss the film in this section.
Part Two—the film: Describe the part/scene of the film that you are going to cite and link to the idea/concept/argument developed in Part One (no more than a third of your paper). Do not discuss the theorist’s idea/concept/argument in this section.
Part three—link the idea to the film: In this part explain how the theorist’s idea (e.g., Machiavelli) developed in Part One applies to Part Two of your paper (roughly a third to half of your paper). This is the most important section of your paper where you will synthesize (not repeat) Part One and Two and provide a thorough analysis and/or argument, allowing you to demonstrate your ability to apply, and critically engage, the theoretical insights of this course.
Grading Criteria for Papers:
Papers are primarily graded based on a student’s demonstration of their ability to understand/interpret/critically engage relevant ideas/concepts/arguments and apply them to analyzing popular culture & films.
Papers must be between 600 and 700 words, double-spaced, 12-point font, Times New Roman, with 1-inch margins and proper in-text citation in order to receive full credit.
You cannot have direct quotes from any text (any direct quotes will result in significant grade penalties). A direct quote is a part of someone’s writing that you include in your writing, putting it in quotation marks and providing a reference for it. The following is a direct quote: “In a majoritarian system the only winners in elections are the citizens who happen to be in the majority” (Dahl, How Democratic, p. 107). To avoid direct quotes, you need to paraphrase the ideas of an author in your own words. In the case of the above example, you can write: In a country where the party which receives the largest number of votes wins the election, the only winners are the citizens who belong to that party (Dahl, How Democratic, p. 107). Although they can guide you, you should not cite my lectures for this assignment.
Make sure that you cite the text and/or the film whenever you mention what someone says/claims/etc. Use the following example for citing: Machiavelli believes/says/thinks/argues that cruelty is good… (Machiavelli, the Prince, p. 133).
At the end of your paper, give a full citation of your sources in the following way: Author’s last name, author’s first name; title in italics (the city where the book was published, publisher: date of publication).
To cite the films, use the following format: In the opening scene, we get a preview of who is really in charge (The Godfather, 1972, 24:03-26:18)
Your submission is checked using Turnitin. Turnitin checks for plagiarism from online sources and if your paper has been already submitted to fulfill the requirements for this or another course at CSUSM. Papers that plagiarize typically result in an F for the assignment and further academic sanctions. So, when in doubt, ask or just site.
View Rubric

Each paper is divided intothree parts. Please label each part clearly and keep them separate:
Part One—the idea: In this part (roughly a third of your paper) you need to describe the idea/concept/argument (by the relevant political theorist) that you are going to connect to the film. You must cite only one idea/concept/argument. For Course Paper #2, write your paper based on Module Four, Five, or Six (papers must only use a film/theorist(s) from one Module). Do not discuss the film in this section.
Part Two—the film: Describe the part/scene of the film that you are going to cite and link to the idea/concept/argument developed in Part One (no more than a third of your paper). Do not discuss the theorist’s idea/concept/argument in this section.
Part three—link the idea to the film: In this part explain how the theorist’s idea (e.g., Machiavelli) developed in Part One applies to Part Two of your paper (roughly a third to half of your paper). This is the most important section of your paper where you will synthesize (not repeat) Part One and Two and provide a thorough analysis and/or argument, allowing you to demonstrate your ability to apply, and critically engage, the theoretical insights of this course.
Grading Criteria for Papers:
Papers are primarily graded based on a student’s demonstration of their ability to understand/interpret/critically engage relevant ideas/concepts/arguments and apply them to analyzing popular culture & films.
Papers must be between 600 and 700 words, double-spaced, 12-point font, Times New Roman, with 1-inch margins and proper in-text citation in order to receive full credit.
You cannot have direct quotes from any text (any direct quotes will result in significant grade penalties). A direct quote is a part of someone’s writing that you include in your writing, putting it in quotation marks and providing a reference for it. The following is a direct quote: “In a majoritarian system the only winners in elections are the citizens who happen to be in the majority” (Dahl, How Democratic, p. 107). To avoid direct quotes, you need to paraphrase the ideas of an author in your own words. In the case of the above example, you can write: In a country where the party which receives the largest number of votes wins the election, the only winners are the citizens who belong to that party (Dahl, How Democratic, p. 107). Although they can guide you, you should not cite my lectures for this assignment.
Make sure that you cite the text and/or the film whenever you mention what someone says/claims/etc. Use the following example for citing: Machiavelli believes/says/thinks/argues that cruelty is good… (Machiavelli, the Prince, p. 133).
At the end of your paper, give a full citation of your sources in the following way: Author’s last name, author’s first name; title in italics (the city where the book was published, publisher: date of publication).
To cite the films, use the following format: In the opening scene, we get a preview of who is really in charge (The Godfather, 1972, 24:03-26:18)
Your submission is checked using Turnitin. Turnitin checks for plagiarism from online sources and if your paper has been already submitted to fulfill the requirements for this or another course at CSUSM. Papers that plagiarize typically result in an F for the assignment and further academic sanctions. So, when in doubt, ask or just site.
View Rubric

Students are required to write a short paper (5-7 pages) using Clinton Rossiter’s argument to analyze one of the cases discussed in class. Your paper should contain the following: 1) a clear introduction; 2) a summery of the case that you are discussing; 3) a discussion of three dimensions of the case (use three arguments from the assigned readings by Rossitter to analyze three aspects of the case). The idea is that you can use Rossitter’s argument to analyze a court case and its potential effects on a democratic polity.
Grading Scale:
Ability to articulate a thesis 2 point
Textual evidence/discussion of
relevant passage (properly cited
assigned readings/include relevant
page citations) 14 points
Clarity of argument 2 points
Clear citation style 2 points

Instructions:
For this discussion, we will analyze bias in news articles and explore various sources of news. Students will choose two news aggregators and compare the same story from different viewpoints, such as Fox News vs. CNN, TikTok vs. X (Formerly Twitter).
Choose two news articles from these different sources that cover the same topic. Study them for trigger words. You may use an AI program search for trigger words and then rewrite the into one unbiased article. Then discuss your findings.
Here are some questions to consider:
How does news selection amplify one’s political views?
How do digital platforms impact the choice and quality of news for consumers?
What choices might writers, editors, producers, and so on make that could lead to bias in news sources?
How can headlines be misleading, and how can editors express bias by choosing whether or not to use a specific news story?
What are some ways to detect bias in news media, and why is it important to compare news reports from a wide variety of sources?
AI News Generators
Here is just a few possible options you can use. Please note that some require a paid subscription but almost all offer a free version or a free trial. If you know of others that I did not list below, please share them with me so I can use them in future classes.
Links to an external site.
APP SonicLinks to an external site./
Login | Writesonic – Best AI Writing Tool
Perplexity.aiLinks to an external site.
Perplexity
BardLinks to an external site.
‎Bard – La herramienta conversacional de Google basada en IA y PaLM 2
TextaLinks to an external site.
: Write Magazine/Newspaper Articles with Texta – AI Powered Generator Tool. Explore Different Topics and Get Published Discourse in No Time!
Write SonicLinks to an external site.
AI Writer & Article Generator | Writesonic.com
Hour OneLinks to an external site.
AI Video Generator: From Text to Video in Minutes – Hour One
Step 1: Source Selection
Choose two news aggregators of your choosing News websites (e.g., NYTimes.com, WashingtonPost.com, CNN.com)
News aggregators (e.g., Google News, Reddit, RealClearPolitics)
Social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok)
Television (cable news channels such as Fox News, CNN, MSNBC, or broadcast channels like CBS, NBC, and ABC)
Radio and podcasts (terrestrial talk radio, SiriusXM, podcast industry)
Newspapers (physical newspaper subscriptions or purchases)
Pick a story and examine the same news story from contrasting perspectives (e.g., Fox News vs. CNN).
Provide a link or citation for these sources.
Step 2: AI News Generator
Access one of the free AI news generator tools provided (e.g., APP Sonic)Links to an external site..
Use the AI tool to generate a new article based on a news story from your selected news aggregator(s).
Step 3: Share the News Articles
Share the original news sources, or a summary, and AI-generated article with your classmates on the discussion platform.
Step 4: Analyze Bias and Trigger Words in the Original Articles
Analyze the original news articles from your selected sources (e.g., Fox News and CNN) for any potential bias and trigger words (see chart below).
Specifically, look for language or elements in the original articles that may indicate a particular bias or perspective.
Note if you find any trigger wordsLinks to an external site. ( List of 100 Trigger Words for More Effective Marketing (teachable.com) ) in the original articles. See chart below.
After analyzing the original articles, compare your findings with the content of the AI-generated article.
Discuss whether the AI-generated article reflects any bias or trigger words present in the original articles, and how it may differ or align with the original sources.
Step 5: Advantages and Disadvantages
Share your thoughts on the advantages of getting news from your selected sources. How do these sources excel over other news sources? Do they provide news more quickly, accurately, in more depth, or with more currency?
Discuss the disadvantages of getting news from your selected sources. What shortcomings do these sources have compared to other news sources? Are they more superficial, less accurate, or less timely?
Based on your preferences, explain which sources you would prefer to use to get your news and why.

Thomas C. Schelling claimed that nuclear weapons rendered war “unthinkable.” Should the world ban the possession and use of nuclear weapons, or should it trust the nuclear powers themselves to control these weapons? How well have disarmament and arms control agreements worked in the past?, post a thread in either the Complete Disarmament or the Arms Control threads, using historical facts to support your argument. Also add a work sited.

Short Paper (20 points): Students are required to write a short paper (5-7 pages) using Clinton Rossiter’s argument to analyze one of the cases discussed in class. Your paper should contain the following: 1) a clear introduction; 2) a summery of the case that you are discussing; 3) a discussion of three dimensions of the case (use three arguments from the assigned readings by Rossitter to analyze three aspects of the case). The idea is that you can use Rossitter’s argument to analyze a court case and its potential effects on a democratic polity.
Grading Scale:
Ability to articulate a thesis 2 point
Textual evidence/discussion of
relevant passage (properly cited
assigned readings/include relevant
page citations) 14 points
Clarity of argument 2 points
Clear citation style 2 points