Category: Political Science

What steps should states take to address terrorism?
– Advance a thesis based on either the Neorealist or Sociological perspective on the origins of terrorism.
– Substantiate that thesis by evaluating the relative strengths and weaknesses of your chosen answer:
o Base your evaluation of the most effective counterterrorism efforts relative to those efforts that follow from the other perspective regarding the origin of terrorism.
o Responses that ignore the relative strengths of the alternative perspective (i.e. that not selected as the thesis) will be considered incomplete.

Your assignment is to watch the documentary, “The Fog of War” (2003). First, begin with an overview of the subject of the documentary, Robert McNamara. What is his background in business, politics, and foreign affairs and in what ways was he an important architect of American foreign policy during the 20th century? Then, identify and describe 3 of what you think are McNamara’s most important “lessons” about war. Why are they still important and relevant today in recent conflicts like Iraq and Afghanistan or possible future military conflicts? Conclude with any personal reaction to the documentary.
Link to documentary:

The Fog of War

NOTE: DO NOT do additional research for this assignment – if you do, you may not receive credit

The topic for the class is American foreign policy. We will ask: “WHY do we fight?” The debate is between those who argue that the U.S. usually fight for democracy and those who believe we fight more for our economic self-interest (or more specifically the interests of American corporations). We also ask, “HOW did we fight?” In other words, do we tend to engage in conflicts using Multilateralism or Unilateralism?
In answering these questions, choose ONE of the following for your research:
1) Why did the U.S. help overthrow the democratically elected governments of the following countries?: (Iran 1953, Guatemala 1954, Chile 1973) (choose one or two countries to focus on). Were these regime-changes inspired by the goal of furthering democracy or furthering an economic interest?
OR…
2) Research ONE of the following military conflicts and answer the questions: Why (and how) did the U.S. fight?:
Iran-Iraq War 1980 — 1988, Panama 1989, Iraq I 1990, Bosnia 1997)
Were these regime-changes inspired by the goal of furthering democracy or furthering an economic interest? Feel free to include any personal observations regarding each conflict.

I have attached instructions that should be followed and also the policy that is currently being debated that should be spoken on

(Original Content Only) (300 words for addressing the post below) (2 citations)
1. Post your vision for positive social change. Then, explain how Walden University’s mission and vision can help you achieve your goals for your local community. Discuss a way that faculty experiences may relate to your vision for positive social change. Also, in light of your vision for positive social change, identify a serious social problem in your community that you would like to remedy as a result of the lessons you will learn in your Walden program.
MISSION
Walden University provides a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar-practitioners so that they can effect positive social change.
VISION
Walden University envisions a distinctively different 21st-century learning community where knowledge is judged worthy to the degree that it can be applied by its graduates to the immediate solutions of critical societal challenges, thereby advancing the greater global good.
(Original Content Only) (150 words per reply) (300 words total)
Respond to at least two of your colleague’s posts in one or more of the following ways:
Share an insight gained from reading about a colleague’s vision for positive social change.
Provide another suggestion as to how your Program of Study in the School of Public Policy and Administration might help them achieve their goals.
Offer a perspective on another way faculty experiences may relate to their vision for positive social change.
1. My vision for positive social change in child abuse cases involves a comprehensive, collaborative, and compassionate approach aimed at preventing child abuse, providing support to victims, and holding perpetrators accountable. Some key elements to this vision are prevention through education, community engagement, accessible support services, early intervention, legal reforms, professional training, cultural sensitivity, public awareness campaigns and research and evaluation.
Ultimately, a positive vision for social change in child abuse cases involves creating a society that prioritizes the well-being of children, values prevention, and provides a supportive environment for those affected by abuse. Collaboration among individuals, communities, governments, and organizations is crucial to realizing this vision.
The the vision for positive social change in child abuse cases aligns well with Walden University’s goals. The vision emphasizes a comprehensive approach to preventing child abuse, which involves educating communities and fostering a sense of responsibility for child well-being. This aligns with Walden University’s goal of producing graduates who can facilitate positive social change in their communities and society. The vision calls for the use of research and knowledge creation to address the root causes of child abuse and improve interventions. This aligns with Walden University’s aim to produce graduates who use their knowledge to positively impact their profession, communities, and society.
The vision’s emphasis on ongoing research and improvement aligns with Walden University’s commitment to graduates demonstrating a commitment to lifelong learning. Lifelong learning is essential for staying informed about current issues, refining skills, and adapting to new challenges, all of which are relevant to addressing child abuse.
In summary, the vision for positive social change in child abuse cases aligns closely with Walden University’s mission of producing graduates who are equipped to facilitate positive social change, use their knowledge for societal impact, and demonstrate a commitment to lifelong learning. This alignment reflects a shared commitment to education, social responsibility, and making a positive difference in communities.
2. My vision for social change involves everyone working together towards a common positive goal. Social change will involve research, planning, implementation, and review of policies. A background in Public Administration will help facilitate the social change process.
Often, social change impacts the less fortunate or minorities. These are the people who are often neglected or left with no alternatives to improving their situation. Social change does not just impact people based on race, economic status, or background. It often impacts people in various ways across the board.
Walden’s mission of “providing a diverse community of career professionals” (Walden University, n.d.) will help me to have a role in social change. By utilizing a diverse community of career professionals, we are bringing people of all backgrounds together. Even if all diversities aren’t represented, most of them will be represented. Most importantly, everyone will have a voice – a story, a background that will help others understand what another person may be experiencing.
A social problem in my community that I would like to remedy through the knowledge in this program is homelessness. In my community, there are very few shelters and often the homeless can be seen living behind vacant buildings. Unfortunately, many shelters and assistance for the homeless are available mainly during extreme weather – hurricane threats, freezing temperatures, heat advisories. During these circumstances, the news channels, social media, and word of mouth suggest places and assistance for the homeless to shelter.
However, what about the homeless on a typical day? What services do they need? What types of resources from the community can be used to help them? These are the questions that should be asked. These are the types of questions that will help start the process of social change. Different resources, community agencies, businesses, etc. all working together to work together to help those that are having a hard time. The answer to solving the homeless issue isn’t a quick answer and it will evolve over time based on what is needed to assist the homeless. For example, a person that is homeless will have different needs than a person that is homeless with children. Social change
After listening to “Meet the Faculty” experiences, one thing that I learned is that most of them focused on issues that concern them. The issues may vary based on time, but the consensus was still focused on their specific interest. Social problems aren’t solved quickly or completely. There is always another aspect of a social issue that needs to be evaluated. The Public Administration program at Walden University will provide me with the knowledge and the ability to critically think about policy and its role in social change.

Choose a case from Georgia that involves civil rights or civil liberties that was decided by the United States Supreme Court. If your state does not have a case that was decided by the United States Supreme Court, choose a civil rights case from another state for which the United States Supreme Court issued a decision.
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You should be able to go online and look up your state and famous cases decided by the Supreme Court. A good source of information about cases decided by the United States Supreme Court is www.scotusblog.com. Other sources can be researched online using search terms for “civil rights cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.” Be sure to use a case actually decided by the United States Supreme Court, and not a case decided by your state’s supreme court or a different court. A case that is still pending before the United States Supreme Court should not be used..
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Research your court case and write an outline of the case that you will be using to prepare a presentation, which will either be a narrated PowerPoint, a Kaltura Video, or some other format as approved by your instructor.
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Assignment should include (a) summary of the case; (b) a case outline; and a summary.
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Summary of the Case
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In one or two paragraphs, provide a general overview of the case that serves as a snapshot of what the case is about and how it ended up in your state high court. A summary is using your words to write a brief history of the case. Do not give your opinion or your interpretation but stick to the facts only.
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Case Outline
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Your court case outline should include:
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Title: Name of the case
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Facts of the case: Provide key facts involving the case.
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History of the case: What legal action was taken based on what your state laws say about this case?
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Legal questions: What were the legal issues the court had to decide?
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Decision or holdings: Did the court decide for the plaintiff or the defendant? Explain the reason behind the decision?
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Verdict and opinion (judgement): What were the concurring and dissenting opinions? How many judges decided for the defendant and how many justices decided against the defendant? What was the final verdict from the judge or the jury, if it was a jury trial?
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Conclusion:
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What was the resulting impact of the ruling? How did the citizens of your state benefit from it? Was this a good decision?
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Requirements
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• The length of your outline will vary. Usually an outline is anywhere from 1-3 pages long. Make sure to write full sentences to explain your case. It is a concise list to be used as a reference for you during the presentation.
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Using the outline, you will be describing the court case in your presentation and the scenario around the court case. The use of Wikipedia as a primary source of information is to be avoided – it is not a reliable source of information.
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Search for an example of a case outline in the Internet. Without going into much detail at this state, each of the items listed above has a subject sentence with 3-6 bullet points that can help you expand on the topic.
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These are not short-answer exams. Essays should be made up of multiple paragraphs and usually several pages of text.
** Please note the textbook being used is Fiscal Administration 10th edition John L. Mikesell questions should be answered from that textbook. Also, chapter 8 is chapter 7.

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapter 11, 12
Lesson
Minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to the textbook.
Instructions
Research the proportion of women, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans and openly gay or lesbian members of Congress.
Reflect on what these patterns say about the nature of representation.
1. Why do some groups tend to be underrepresented in Congress?
2. Why do you see a trend in which more women and minorities are being represented?
3. Do you think the underrepresentation of women and minorities affect Congress’s business?
4. How might we as a people address this situation and strive towards equal representation? Make sure to cite sources used.
Requirements
Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 2 scholarly sources in addition to textbook if cited)
Located below is my book link where you can find a scholarly source from the book!
https://ambassadored.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9780135246849/pageid/0

Proportional representation and its correlation with countries where there are intense political, ethnic, or religious divisions between groups
I attached a google doc explaining the more in-depth basis of the essay

The country I’m choosing to advise is Qatar a good choice would be a Ministry.
Here are the directions -> This week’s assignment:
As we prepare for our final work, which will be to assess “success” of the 28th meeting of the Parties to the United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change, it’d be better to know what to expect. And because cop28 is approaching, there’s just a flurry of reports, analysis and recommendations swarming across the world wide web. Let us try to make sense of them.
As you review your work from this semester so far, try to think: on each of the major topics studied, what can decently be expected from this COP? Let’s try and be concrete.
Think “within” the traditional negotiations:
* Mitigation: end of fossil fuels? multiplication of clean energy (by three?)? Increase deployment of EVs? heightened efforts in Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Industry, etc? …?
* Adaptation: what exactly could “ambition” look like in terms of adaptation ? what should be in the “global goal” to be adopted at COP – see this excellent [6-pager from C2ES think tank] (https://canvas.brown.edu/courses/1092836/files/69732852?wrap=1) with concrete proposals? How could we address the [adaptation gap (UNEP report)] (https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/43865/AGR23_ESEN.pdf?sequence=8)?
* Means of Implementation (finance, capacity building, technology transfers): is it about the trillions to shift our economies? is it about [putting down the entire Bretton Woods system of “development aid”] (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/07/27/magazine/barbados-climate-debt-mia-mottley.html)? or about the broken promise of the 100 bn? And also: what about the next objective for 2025 onwards… should it be more money and if so how much? who should contribute to it – should the big emerging countries step in or should it remain limited to the old industrialized ones? Should we count the private philanthropists? what about the other private actors?
* Loss and Damage: what would be “success” there? How much money would be “good enough”? How do we evaluate the “cost” of climate change anyways?
* All of the above shall be addressed through the “Global Stocktake” (or GST), but what is that global stock take by the way? what shape will it take – is it just a [technical] (https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/sb2023_09_adv.pdf) process, initiated 2 years ago? is it a high-level event at COP28 and if so, what should be its outcome(s)? what will this result in? what must we expect from our leaders and when?
For each of these questions, think: what is there to agree upon? who must deliver? by which amount? for whom? by when?
And then think again: who will/could support? who will/could oppose? do they have a say in the decision? do they have a role in the implementation? will they be impacted by the consequences of this decision being either taken or not taken?
Look also “outside” the realm of negotiations:
What can be expected there? Should success be defined “negatively”, as the absence of a catastrophic situation with journalists (press “control”), or climate activists (“riot suppression”) or migrant workers who built the COP’s infrastructure or even terrorist attacks for other purposes (yes, some people do envisage seriously that latter possibility)?
What else could be expected in the sidelines of the COP – which world leaders will attend the Climate Action Summit on Dec 1-2? What else will they potentially talk about in bilateral or mini-lateral talks? Would success mean the climate crisis not being “over-shadowed” by the very many other crisis in the world today? How will Russia behave (given that they could block the decision on [the next host] (https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2023/10/03/cop29-who-will-stage-the-un-climate-talks-in-2024/)) and what will that mean for “trust in multilateralism”?
Moreover, how will we know what has been discussed? achieved? decided? committed by the thousands of delegates and observers there? Where should we look?
In order to answer those questions, if you were to be a staffer for the Special Envoy/Climate Minister for the country of your choice (please state which), how would you advise them to position themselves? should they attend COP28 and if so, what should they do there?

Your assignment for our next class on November 30th should be 3 pages long (no more, no less). You will address it to the World leader or Minister/Climate Envoy of your choice (it can be the one from your own country of origin, or any one else you specifically admire, or the contrary). Pretend that you are working for them, as a senior member of their team.
* 2 pages of analysis of all of the above questions, nicely formatted. Remember that a World Leader/Head of delegation has no time for bullshit: less is more. If you know your shit, it should not take 7 sentences to express it instead of just 1 or 2. Two pages is just enough to present each of the above topics with what is at stake, and your professional recommendations on how they should approach it, given the country which they represent.
* 1 page of recommended program: what should they attend in the [official program] (https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/Overview_Schedule_COP_28.pdf)? any specific side [event] (https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/reports/events_list.html?session_id=COP%2028) to which you will get them invited as an additional guest speaker? any specific bilateral talks you advice they should have (with whom, on what topic, expecting what information to be shared with or learned from their counterpart)?