Category: Political Science

You are expected to turn in a mid-term paper (app. 2,000 words). In this paper, you follow up on one of the imaginaries and descriptions covered in class and apply it to an international organization of your choice specifically international organizations as communicators. As such, you choose the perspective of communicators covered in Part I and discuss the United Nations from this angle. A well-written paper will draw on the readings and PowerPoint provided. First the paper will spell out what an international organization as a communicator is, explain what this looks like/how it is done. It will then introduce the organization, the United Nation, based on a brief literature review of the united nations as a communicator, specifically the United Nations Security Council. You should structure your paper and write as clearly as possible. Introduction: Discuss how important international organizations are to global governance. IO’s are used as tools to effectively assist with problem-solving on a mass level. How do they assist in Global Governance – provide an example or relevance to why IO’s are needed. Body 1: Description: IO’s as Communicators Use the three reading to breakdown International Organizations as communicators. What do the authors discuss in depth ? Talk about what the authors are wanting us to know about viewing IO’s as communicators. (Use the 3 articles provided ) ( if you find another article that could work here please add it) Body 2: Brief literature review of the United Nations as a communicator ( find 2-3 journal articles to do this literature review) Do a brief background of the UN’s history as a communicator. Talk about the UN presently as a communicator. Talk about if the UN has potential to improve as a communicator. Critique what the authors say Conclusion: Bring forward all the points discussed in the paper briefly. Leave off with an epiphany on the UN being seen as a communicator.

part 1 During your journey as a teacher you will be expected to be a reflective practitioner. Writing and reflecting will become a valuable habit to develop. Each week you will synthesize your journal and text readings and participate in a group discussion in our class. A final journal prompt will capture your thoughts and be turned in for points. The prompt that was given at the Sept 13th class session to be submitted:
Write a letter to your future self; when it is August 2025 and you have your own classroom to prepare for students.
What have you seen/read about the physical environment that you want to be sure to do? Why?
What have you seen/read about the emotional environment that you want to be sure to do? Why?
What will you do and prioritize to be culturally inclusive?
Submission should be about 700-1,000 words and submitted to Canvas by 11:59pm on 9/22/24.
part 2
Individually, each person will elaborate on the reflection prompts.
The prompts include:
(3 points) I used to think… Now I think…
(3 points) As I begin my career as a teacher of mathematics, I feel ….(Use our course goals as inspiration)
(4 points) As a professional educator, I am becoming …(This is in relation to our professional norms)
Courses goals that we are thinking about through this assignment
To understand that children have important mathematical ideas
To develop specialized mathematical knowledge about children’s learning trajectories and strengthen our own mathematical thinking
To learn how to elicit, respond to, and represent children’s thinking and orient children to each other’s ideas
To develop competence in facilitating classroom discussions that are both mathematically productive and socially supportive for all students.

Professional norms
Be willing to take risks with new ideas
Listen actively and generously
Build on others’ ideas and invite others to participate
Give each other time to think & process ideas
It’s okay to share ideas in progress and revise your thinking

questions below. Analyse the implications of pursuing a strategy of engagement or a strategy of deterrence (or some specific combination of the two). Where relevant, consider the implications of using different kind of statecraft, or of using multilateral or regional institutions.
use footnotes onlyyyy and citation (harvard or chicago)
the question: Should the U.S. pursue a strategy of engagement or deterrence with respect to China?
start with a thesis statement
(Essay – start with your thesis statement, state what your point or argument is In your body paragraph – show off your marker, deterrence or coercion preventive diplomacy…define it. For example “I would recommend a strategy of deterrence” then you define it. It is better if you define it then make examples of it rather than just stating it and making examples. You’re recommending something and not recommending something at the same time (like you can add a one or two liner saying you don’t recommend something else) you can use the powerpoints ive added for reference of what the material is like Give enough citations to not touch on plagiarism (3-5 citations) The prompt is basically telling you what to include in your essay Use footnotes so they don’t go towards your word count (no in-text citations) *please no in-text citations, just footnotes* Please try to make it a little less than 550 (500-530 would be perfect)
please be clear with an argument I have

Answer the 9 questions completely: 1. Describe a government’s role in laissez-faire economics and describe the U.S. government’s role in the economy from the 1930s on. What is the difference between regressive and progressive taxes? 2. The U.S. government promoted regulation during and after the Great Depression. That role continued until the late 1970s when inflation began to hurt the economy. Explain mandatory spending and discretionary spending. 3. Explain the social safety net. Explain the distributive policy and the redistributive policy. 4. Explain the two presidencies thesis. Can one side take precedence? 5. In order to ensure a stable and growing economy, the government employs fiscal policy and monetary policy. Define fiscal policy and monetary policy. What is the charge of the Federal Reserve Board? 6. List and describe the two major social welfare programs. What constitutes an entitlement program? 7. The United States’ interaction with the rest of the world has dramatically changed over time. The overall policy started as isolationism and ultimately changed to liberal internationalism. Provide a brief description of the two policies. What is neo-isolationism and selective engagement? 8. Discuss the shared power idea associated with U.S. foreign policy. [MO8.3] 9. Discuss the balance of power. What may cause an imbalance? What is the balance of trade? Can an imbalance occur?

Answer the 9 questions completely: 1. Describe a government’s role in laissez-faire economics and describe the U.S. government’s role in the economy from the 1930s on. What is the difference between regressive and progressive taxes? 2. The U.S. government promoted regulation during and after the Great Depression. That role continued until the late 1970s when inflation began to hurt the economy. Explain mandatory spending and discretionary spending. 3. Explain the social safety net. Explain the distributive policy and the redistributive policy. 4. Explain the two presidencies thesis. Can one side take precedence? 5. In order to ensure a stable and growing economy, the government employs fiscal policy and monetary policy. Define fiscal policy and monetary policy. What is the charge of the Federal Reserve Board? 6. List and describe the two major social welfare programs. What constitutes an entitlement program? 7. The United States’ interaction with the rest of the world has dramatically changed over time. The overall policy started as isolationism and ultimately changed to liberal internationalism. Provide a brief description of the two policies. What is neo-isolationism and selective engagement? 8. Discuss the shared power idea associated with U.S. foreign policy. [MO8.3] 9. Discuss the balance of power. What may cause an imbalance? What is the balance of trade? Can an imbalance occur?

Answer the 9 questions completely: 1. Describe a government’s role in laissez-faire economics and describe the U.S. government’s role in the economy from the 1930s on. What is the difference between regressive and progressive taxes? 2. The U.S. government promoted regulation during and after the Great Depression. That role continued until the late 1970s when inflation began to hurt the economy. Explain mandatory spending and discretionary spending. 3. Explain the social safety net. Explain the distributive policy and the redistributive policy. 4. Explain the two presidencies thesis. Can one side take precedence? 5. In order to ensure a stable and growing economy, the government employs fiscal policy and monetary policy. Define fiscal policy and monetary policy. What is the charge of the Federal Reserve Board? 6. List and describe the two major social welfare programs. What constitutes an entitlement program? 7. The United States’ interaction with the rest of the world has dramatically changed over time. The overall policy started as isolationism and ultimately changed to liberal internationalism. Provide a brief description of the two policies. What is neo-isolationism and selective engagement? 8. Discuss the shared power idea associated with U.S. foreign policy. [MO8.3] 9. Discuss the balance of power. What may cause an imbalance? What is the balance of trade? Can an imbalance occur?

play the role of a Mexican government official who believes the boundary should be the Nueces River.
When writing your speech keep the following things in mind:
Effective map analysis involves understanding what you are looking at. One effective way to do this is to locate key features (cities, rivers, mountain ranges, etc.) to better understand what the maps are telling you. For example: since the war between the US and Mexico started over a dispute between the southern boundary of Texas, you’ll need to locate the two rivers in question—the Nueces River and the Rio Grand River (also referred to as Rio del Norte or Rio Bravo)—and trace their extent to see how establishing one or the other as the international boundary would affect the size of the territory claimed by each country.
When giving your speech, be sure to make specific references to the map images you used on your slides.
When determining the points you want to make in your speech, consider things like:What advantages was your character’s side trying to achieve by claiming that boundary?
What historical claims were used to justify one boundary versus the other?
How do land claims of Native Americans factor into this debate?
If your side wins the dispute, what does your country plan to do with that territory?
200 to 300 words

I posted in the flies important readings they gave us from book use these and include at least 5-8 quality sources.
Key Things to Focus On
Clear, Structured Writing: Stay organized with clear sections and a logical flow.
Use of Evidence: Support all claims with credible sources.
Professional Tone: Match the style to the professional context you’re simulating (e.g., persuasive for an editorial, factual for an analytical report).
This detailed guide should help you fully understand how to tackle your essay! Let me know if you’d like any further clarification on specific sections.
Step 1: Choose Your Writing Style
You’re asked to replicate a writing style used in professional practice, which means you need to pick a style that aligns with your career interests. Here’s how to choose and approach each option:
Policy Briefing: This is typically written for policymakers and includes:
Key Policy Recommendations: Suggest actions or changes.
Justification: Explain why these changes are necessary based on evidence.
Implementation Plan: Provide practical steps for carrying out these recommendations.
Political Editorial: This is more like a persuasive opinion piece, often published in newspapers or journals:
Opinion/Argument: A clear stance on a political issue.
Evidence: Use statistics, historical examples, or current events to support your argument.
Persuasion: The tone should convince the reader to agree with your viewpoint.
Analytical Report: This style is common in think tanks or consultancy work:
Executive Summary: A short, concise summary of the main points of your analysis.
Detailed Analysis: Break down the issue using data, empirical evidence, or case studies.
Conclusion/Recommendations: Based on your analysis, propose potential solutions or actions.
Grant Bid: This is used to secure funding for a project:
Problem Statement: Clearly define the problem your project will solve.
Solution Plan: Detail your proposed solution and how it will work.
Justification for Resources: Explain why you need specific funds and how they will be used effectively.
Step 2: Pick a Topic
The essay must cover one of the provided topics. Choose a broad topic and then narrow it down into a more precise research question. Here’s a breakdown of potential topics and how to narrow them:
Achieving peace in the Middle East:
Narrow it to: “The Role of International Mediation in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.”
Dealing with the UK asylum backlog:
Narrow it to: “Improving the Efficiency of the UK Asylum System Through Digital Tools.”
The effects of political polarization in the USA:
Narrow it to: “The Role of Social Media in Deepening Political Polarization in the USA.”
Addressing the gender pay gap and gender equality:
Narrow it to: “The Effectiveness of Recent UK Legislation in Closing the Gender Pay Gap.”
Reducing poverty without increasing inequality:
Narrow it to: “Universal Basic Income: Reducing Poverty While Managing Economic Inequality.”
Reducing global climate change successfully:
Narrow it to: “The Impact of Renewable Energy on Global Climate Change Mitigation.”
The global impact of social media on politics:
Narrow it to: “The Role of Social Media in Influencing Elections in Developing Countries.”
Global health crises and how to plan for them:
Narrow it to: “Building Pandemic Resilience: Lessons Learned from COVID-19.”
Step 3: Structure the Essay (1500 words)
Once you’ve chosen a topic and writing style, the next step is to plan the structure of your essay. You’ll need to follow the conventions of the specific style you’ve chosen.
1. Introduction (150-200 words)
The introduction should:
Introduce the issue: Provide some context for why this issue matters.
State the purpose: Clarify the objective of your essay (e.g., to provide policy recommendations, analyze a situation, argue for a viewpoint).
Preview your main argument or findings: Give a brief idea of what the reader should expect.
For example, if you’re writing a policy briefing on renewable energy and climate change, your introduction might look like this:
“This policy briefing addresses the growing urgency of global climate change and the role renewable energy plays in mitigating its effects. It proposes a strategic increase in investment into solar and wind energy, supported by evidence showing significant reductions in carbon emissions in countries leading the renewable energy transition.”
2. Main Body (1200-1300 words)
This is where you present the bulk of your research. Your approach will vary depending on the writing style:
Policy Briefing:
Section 1: Problem Overview: Explain the issue in detail (e.g., current problems with climate change).
Section 2: Policy Recommendations: Present specific recommendations (e.g., increasing renewable energy subsidies).
Section 3: Justifications: Use data or case studies to justify your recommendations.
Section 4: Implementation: Describe how the recommendations can be implemented in practice (e.g., through governmental incentives).
Political Editorial:
Section 1: Position: Clearly state your opinion on the issue.
Section 2: Evidence: Use strong evidence to support your argument, whether it’s statistical data, historical facts, or expert opinions.
Section 3: Counter-arguments: Address potential opposing views and explain why your argument is stronger.
Section 4: Conclusion: Restate your position and emphasize the importance of action.
Analytical Report:
Section 1: Executive Summary: Condense the entire analysis into a short paragraph for busy readers.
Section 2: Issue Analysis: Break down the problem using data and evidence, providing a thorough analysis.
Section 3: Evidence and Findings: Present data, charts, or case studies that back up your analysis.
Section 4: Conclusion: Summarize findings and suggest what should happen next.
Grant Bid:
Section 1: Problem Definition: What’s the key issue your project aims to solve?
Section 2: Proposed Solution: Outline your plan to solve the issue, focusing on innovation and feasibility.
Section 3: Resource Justification: Break down your funding needs and explain how each resource will be used.
3. Conclusion (150-200 words)
Summarize the key points you’ve made in your essay.
Reinforce your recommendations or final stance.
Emphasize why this issue requires attention and action now.
Step 4: Reflection (300 words)
This is where you reflect on the process and how it helped your professional development. Structure your reflection as follows:
How is this assessment different from an academic essay?
Consider the practical nature of the assignment. Unlike academic essays, this writing mirrors real-world scenarios where clarity and actionable insights are key.
What did you find useful about the assessment?
Mention how it forced you to engage with professional writing practices, learn how to simplify complex information, or practice making persuasive arguments.
What did you find difficult?
You might talk about challenges such as adapting to a specific writing style or distilling large amounts of information into a concise format.
How does this writing style connect to your career goals?
Discuss how the assignment prepares you for future work. For instance, if you want a career in policy, explain how writing policy briefings or analytical reports will be useful in your future role.
Step 5: Proofreading and Referencing
Proofreading: Carefully check your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammar. Make sure your arguments are logically structured.
Referencing: Be sure to cite all the sources you used and include a properly formatted bibliography.
3. **Conclusion** (150-200 words)
– Summarize your key points.
– Reinforce the main takeaway or call to action (especially if writing a policy briefing or editorial).
Step 4: Reflective Writing (300 words)
– **How was this different from an academic essay?** (e.g., less theoretical, more practical and focused on real-world applications).
– **What was useful about this assessment?** (e.g., learning to write in a professional context, organizing complex information).
– **What was difficult?** (e.g., adapting to a specific writing style, synthesizing large amounts of data).
– **How does this writing style connect with your career goals?** (e.g., if you’re interested in policy work, explain how writing policy briefings will be helpful).
Step 5: Proofreading and Referencing
– Make sure your essay is clearly written, with good grammar and structure.
– Reference all your sources properly and include a bibliography.
Resources to Use
Books & Journals: Use university databases to access articles on the topic you’ve chosen. Databases like JSTOR, ProQuest, or Google Scholar are great for finding academic sources.
Government Reports: For policy-related essays, government publications or official reports can provide real-world data and insight.
News Outlets: For political editorials or analysis, reputable news sources (e.g., The Guardian, BBC, The New York Times) are helpful for current events.
NGO or Think Tank Publications: If you’re writing on global issues or grant proposals, reports from organizations like the World Bank, United Nations, or think tanks like Chatham House can offer in-depth research.

From Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism. Which do you think best describes the world today? Write an essay that addresses this question. Make sure that your argument represents your view.
I attached 3 articles about realism, 2 liberalism and 2 constructivism
Second article about constructvisim link ( https://www.amacad.org/publication/emerging-risks-declining-norms/section/3 )
( you are free to choose from the 3 options, also use and cite the articles I provided, also find outside sources as long as you still use some of the articles I provided to defend your argument, as well you can use them to argue against each other)
cite article readings, e.g., (Keohane 1998) with page numbers.
I also attached the paper writing guide please follow it, have a strong thesis that follows the essay.
Thank you, if you have questions reach out.

write a brief research proposal. (Less than 1 page) This proposal should briefly explain what you are interested in writing your paper on, what if any research you have done already, and any preliminary sources.