Category: Pharmacology

For this Assignment, you will choose a vulnerable patient and develop a 2- to 3-page Medication Guide for them and their family. In your guide, you will consider their ages, birth-assigned sex, FDA approvals, and considerations for increased or decreased risk for side effects. You will choose the most appropriate medication for each of these individuals. Support your answers with evidence-based, peer-reviewed scholarly literature. APA style format title page, citations and references will apply.
Note: You will not set up this Medication Guide as a paragraph-formatted paper but, instead, as a creative, visually appealing guide.
TO PREPARE:
Consider age, birth-assigned sex, FDA approvals, and risk and side-effect consideration.
Select the most appropriate medication for your selected patient based upon the information provided.
-Review the textbook for commonly prescribed antidepressants, Fast Facts for Psychopharmacology for Nurse Practitioners.
-Review the textbook Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology:
Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (5th ed.). Chapters assigned
-Conduct research through the FDA websiteLinks to an external site.. https://www.fda.gov/drugs
-Review prescriber information for professionals of the medications.
Note: These can be located free online with web search.
-Review national guidelines for prescribing for these vulnerable individuals:
Depression Treatments for AdultsLinks to an external site. https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/adults
THE ASSIGNMENT
Step 1: Choose one of the following vulnerable patients to create a Medication Guide for the patient:
THIS IS THE PATIENT: 26-year-old female with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder who is increasing in isolation and poor self-care. She is in her third trimester of pregnancy.
Step 2: Create a Medication Guide for a patient. In your guide, you should provide the following specific instructions for the patient:
DO THIS PROJECT ON THE MEDICATION ZOLOFT. PLEASE REMEMBER THAT IT REQUIRES A TITRATION
-Describe the chosen classification of medications, from the classification category, for your chosen vulnerable patient. Explain your rationale for your choice.
-Explain what dose you would start the chosen medication with and the frequency.
-Discuss how the medication works to treat their symptoms.
-Explain how long they should take the medication.
-Discuss the typical or common side effects of the medication.
-Explain the urgent or emergent considerations for the patient taking the medication.
The Medication Guide should also include:
-Directions you would provide the patient on how to take the prescribed medication
-Instructions on what the patient should do if a medication dose is missed
-List of any other medications, over-the-counter medications, and/or supplements/herbals the patient should avoid while taking the prescribed medication
-List of foods the patient should avoid when taking this medication
-Date when the patient should return for follow-up visit with you
-Discussion about the legal and ethical considerations for the medication being prescribed
-Answers in consideration of Social Determinants of Health on how you would:
-Assist the patient who cannot not afford to pay financially for the medication you are recommending/prescribing; and/or
-Has difficulty with transportation that impacts their ability to present for regular appointments with you
-Discuss how financial hardship and lack of transportation could relate to Social Determinants of Health, as well as why they are important considerations for you as a prescriber.

Choose a pharmacological agent that has been on the market less than 5 years.
Research the literature and obtain two to three resources for current, evidence-based information related to the pharmacological agent.Brochure for nurses- Focus on nurses for literacy level•Key/Relevant Drug Information (30 points/30%)Drug Class
•Patient Education Considerations (35 points/35%)Nursing Management
•Visual Effects/Creativity (10 points/10%)Graphics enhance the purpose of the brochure
Brochure is visually appealing
•Describes intended use of brochure (focus on nurses for literacy level)
•Includes:Name
Date
Class
Reference page
•Includes no more than 3 unique errors with APA format (current ed.)
•At least two (2) scholarly, primary sources from the last 5 years, excluding the textbook, are provided
•Clearly written
•Includes no more than three unique errors of grammar
•Includes no more than three unique errors in writing mechanics
3.Develop a teaching brochure and one page paper following these guidelines.
oMechanism of Action
oDrug Administration and Dosage
oDrug Interactions
oLab effects/interference
oPatient Education Considerations (special considerations)- provide examples specific to client age needs- geriatric, pediatric and pregnant clients
oPatient Assessment
oSide Effects/Adverse Effects/Toxicities
oDeveloped per the required standard
oAppropriate for the intended audience (focus on nurses for literacy level)
b. One Page Paper (15 points/15%)
Describe how brochure information would be revised if intended brochure audience had a low health literacy level.
c. APA Format (5 points/5%)
d. Writing and Mechanics (5 points/5%)
Paper is one page, excluding references and title page

Read and comment on at least THREE OTHER article and summary 
* Include a heading with the name of the person to whom you are responding.
* Your comments should be between 50 and 150 words, positive, thoughtful, and demonstrate that you read your classmate’s article and summary.  Each comment post should tell us what you learned about the pharmacology topic and what your thoughts are regarding your classmate’s answers to the discussion questions.
* To demonstrate that you have read your classmate’s post, refer to specific items in your comment.

1.) KATE
1. What is the name of your website or article, and what is the direct web address link?
* “Powerful Psychedelic Gains Renewed Attention as a Treatment for Opioid Addiction”
* https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/05/health/ibogaine-psychedelic-opioid-addiction.htmlLinks to an external site.
2. What pharmacotherapy topic does your website or article address?
* This article addresses a paradoxical effect of a drug. Ibogaine that has a specific psychedelic therapeutic effect produces the opposite effect of reducing opioid addiction with minimized usage.
3. What most interested you about this website or article?
* This article had quite many parts that were interesting. First, learning about ibogaine, which is a naturally occurring psychoactive substance found in certain plant family found in Central Africa, was mind-blowing. Due to its characteristics, it was used a lot in shamanistic rituals. However, when ingested too much, it can cause sudden cardiac arrest and death. The most interesting part about the article was, “According to a number of small studies, between a third and two-thirds of the people who were addicted to opioids or crack cocaine and were treated with the compound in a therapeutic setting were effectively cured of their habits, many after just a single session”. According to recent studies, drugs made from ibogaine plant bring out two distinct benefits. It suppresses the withdrawal and dependence/craving of opioid and gives sobriety. Although ibogaine is illegal to use in the United States as it is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, the studies around the world are getting bigger.
4. How did your website or article increase your understanding of the pharmacotherapy topic?
* Learning that certain drugs that are thought to target certain parts of our body to work as a stimulant drug (in this case, ibogaine) can possibly be used to suppress a different stimulant (or deficit of opioid chemicals in brain receptors in this case) was quite significant. Reading about Amphetamine stimulant drugs being used to treat children diagnosed with ADHD on p. 95 in the text book was really interesting to me, and finding a different example or a new case helped me to understand that we are always learning something new in the rapid development of pharmacological products and researches going around them.
 
2.) AILEEN
1. What is the name of your website or article, and what is the direct web address link?
Name of the article: “Ozempic, Wegovy linked to severe medical conditions including stomach problems, study finds” 
Web address: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna118823
Links to an external site.
2. What pharmacotherapy topic does your website or article address?
My chosen article addresses the topic of adverse drug reactions 
3. What most interested you about this website or article?
What interested me most about the article is that the drugs Wegovy and Ozempic, which were originally intended for managing type 2 diabetes, ended up being useful for weight loss as well. Reading about this reminded me of a portion of chapter six that spoke about something called off-label use, where drugs can be prescribed for things they weren’t originally intended for and have yet to be approved by the FDA for the alternative use.  
4. How did your website or article increase your understanding of the pharmacotherapy topic?
This article increased my understanding of the pharmacotherapy topic by informing me about the dangers of adverse drug reactions. I was not aware that drugs with such effects were allowed on the market. Learning about the adverse effects of the drugs mentioned in the article has made me more vigilant about the kinds of things I put into my body. I will definitely make sure to read about possible adverse reactions I might have to the drugs I take or consider taking.
3.) FRANCES
1.  What is the name of the website or article and what is the direct web address
Name of article- RNA based therapeutics
Web Address www.ncbi.nlm.hih.gov/pmc.articles
Links to an external site.
 2.  What pharmacotherapy topic does your website or article address?
My website address how the growing and understanding of RNA function.
Like a growing understanding of RNA functions and their crucial roles in disease promotes the application of various RNAs to selectively function on hitherto “undruggable” proteins transcripts and genes, potentially broadening the therapeutics targets.  Several RNA-based medications have been approved for clinical use, while others are still under investigation or preclinical trails.  Here are a few facts about RNA small molecules and antibody drugs target 0.05% of the human genome, and most disease targets lack defining active sites for small-molecule binding.  Another fact is that abundant RNAs selectively act on proteins, transcripts and genes, which
broaden the range of druggable targets.  A defined sequence of RNA drugs makes the design of RNA therapeutics much easier.  The antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) inhibiting protein synthesis in the early 1980s promoted the rapid advances of RNA-based therapeutics.   In the 2000s, the proposal of RNAi and the use of siRNA silencing the human gene led to increased funding for RNA therapeutics other RNA molecule regulators and related mechanis
3.  What most interested you about the website or article?
What I found to be very interesting to me is how they can splice your genes and how only 0.05% of the human genome, and most disease targets lack defining active sites for small-molecule binding. This article was very interesting to me because of the gene splicing it is so interesting  how scientists are able to do this, and RNA has come a long way in such a short time.  There are so many interesting articles on pharmacotherapy you could research them all
4.  How did your website or article increase your understanding of pharmacotherapy topic?
This article helped me understand how hard the medical community is working to bring us more answers to RNA therapy’s and compared to conventional protein targeted and DNA based medicines RNA based therapeutics are prospective due to their distinct physicochemical and physiological properties RNAs function in three essential biology macromolecules like DNAs, RNAs, and protein’s 
 

As you can see in the attached file that what is needed to be answer regarding the disease Cytomegalovirus

Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
Use Epocrates.com as a reference for this assignment.

For this assignment you will begin by conducting research on the neurochemical effects of psychoactive substances. You will also apply this research to a specific drug or drug class, so it will be helpful to consider this choice before beginning your research. Start with the information from your textbook and then find at least two other scholarly sources (three total) on the following:
The neurotransmission process
A full description of what the process is, beginning with the presynaptic neuron and through to the receiving neuron. Also, discuss options for reuptake or remaining in the synapse.
How substance use changes neurotransmitters
Specific brain regions affected by use of various substances
Then, in a 3-page expository essay:
Break down the findings of your research for how substance use changes neurotransmitters, the neurotransmission process and specific brain regions affected by the use of various substances.
Include a specific explanation for each of these three areas individually.
Next choose one specific drug or drug class and identify your choice.
Explain the specific neurotransmitter changes caused by your chosen substance and the consequences of these changes.
Explain which brain regions are affected by use of this substance and the consequences.
Your assignment should be a 3–page expository essay, not including the title and reference pages, and should include the following elements:
Title page: Provide your name, title of assignment, course and section number, and date.
Body: Answer all the questions in complete sentences and paragraphs.
Your responses should reflect professional writing standards, using proper tone and language. The writing and writing style should be correct and accurate, and reflect knowledge of skills and practice in the human service profession.
Reference page: Sources listed in APA format.
Include a minimum of three scholarly or academic sources to support your responses and conclusions.
Use Arial or Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced and left aligned.
Use standard 1″ margins on all sides.
Use APA formatting and citation style.

As mentioned in the class, accumilaiton of antibiotic drug is not adviable. Antibiotic drugs are adminsited for short duration, e.g., 5 to 30 doses, and up to 3 to 14 days.
Please see professor comment in RED and please help me to answer question 2 .

Dear Students,
Each student will select a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and compile a detailed report on its formulation and the products available in the market as per the requirments below.
Requirements:
1. Define the chosen mAb and discuss its medical uses. Include a relevant image with a caption. Cite your reference. (1 mark)
2. Explore the formulation challenges of your chosen mAb focusing on stability and solubility. Include an image illustrating cases or results, such as charts, that examine these challenges. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
3. Provide examples of commercially available products of your chosen mAb. Describe the form of the product during storage and its form during administration (e.g., powder, solution, etc.). Mention the recommended storage conditions, and include images with captions for each product. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
– Ensure your work is original. No cheating or plagiarism.
– Each section must include at least 2 images with caption.
– Deadline: 16 May 2024

Dear Students,
Each student will select a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and compile a detailed report on its formulation and the products available in the market as per the requirments below.
Requirements:
1. Define the chosen mAb and discuss its medical uses. Include a relevant image with a caption. Cite your reference. (1 mark)
2. Explore the formulation challenges of your chosen mAb focusing on stability and solubility. Include an image illustrating cases or results, such as charts, that examine these challenges. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
3. Provide examples of commercially available products of your chosen mAb. Describe the form of the product during storage and its form during administration (e.g., powder, solution, etc.). Mention the recommended storage conditions, and include images with captions for each product. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
– Ensure your work is original. No cheating or plagiarism.
– Each section must include at least 2 images with caption.
– Deadline: 16 May 2024

Dear Students,
Each student will select a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and compile a detailed report on its formulation and the products available in the market as per the requirments below.
Requirements:
1. Define the chosen mAb and discuss its medical uses. Include a relevant image with a caption. Cite your reference. (1 mark)
2. Explore the formulation challenges of your chosen mAb focusing on stability and solubility. Include an image illustrating cases or results, such as charts, that examine these challenges. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
3. Provide examples of commercially available products of your chosen mAb. Describe the form of the product during storage and its form during administration (e.g., powder, solution, etc.). Mention the recommended storage conditions, and include images with captions for each product. Cite your reference. (2 marks)
– Ensure your work is original. No cheating or plagiarism.
– Each section must include at least 2 images with caption.
– Deadline: 16 May 2024