Category: Medicine

Reflect on your existing practice, or your future practice.
Explain how you feel this course has helped you achieve each of the course objectives listed below.
A wide range of topics about interprofessional collaboration and teams was presented in the course.
In light of the three dimensions of IHI’s Triple Aim [Improving the patient experience of care (including quality and satisfaction); Improving the health of populations; and reducing the per capita cost of health care], share your thoughts about how well we are positioned in the U.S. healthcare system to achieve these aims.
Course Objectives
CLO1: Describe the role of interprofessional collaboration in clinical decision making and the delivery of care.
CLO2: Assess the effectiveness of communication and team performance from their practice.
CLO3: Develop a proposal to address a practice issue using a collaborative, team-based approach.

I need to reply to this below classmate post. It is a discussion board post.
Putting the topic here for context but you need to concentrate on the classmate reply. I need 275 words/ AMA style/ No plagiarism/ no AI.
1. Topic: Describe the Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders. What are risk factors for developing neurocognitive disorders? What racial/ethnic groups are at higher risk for Alzheimer’s? How much is at risk? Discuss the role of lifestyle factors in prevention or reduction of neurocognitive decline.
Classmate response is below:
The DSM-5 groups, what was previously sectioned as dementia, delirium, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders in the DSM-4, as “Neurocognitive Disorders”. Mild and major neurocognitive disorders (NCD) have replaced dementia. The diagnostic criteria for mild and major NCD require evidence of cognitive decline in at least one cognitive domain independent of delirium. The difference between mild and major NCD is based on the severity of cognitive dysfunction and the level of impairment in one’s daily life. Many different specifers note the etiology of the neurocognitive impairment such as substance use, traumatic brain injury, frontotemporal lobe degeneration, Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, vascular, HIV, prion, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s disease.1
Worldwide, there are more than 55 million people with dementia. The most common type is Alzheimer’s. Some of the factors that increase the risk of dementia are older age (greater than 65), hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, social isolation, hearing loss, air pollution, brain injuries, low education, and depression.2,3
Lifestyle factors are important in decreasing the risk of NCD. As much as 40% of Alzheimer’s dementia may be attributed to modifiable risk factors.3 Therefore, adjusting these risks can prevent or reduce the incidence of the disease. Diet and exercise can directly impact one’s risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes which in turn can reduce and prevent neurocognitive decline. Smoking and alcohol consumption are also lifestyle choices that can reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. In contrast to modifiable risk factors, the ethnic and racial disparities in NCD risk are more of a challenge to change. Black and Hispanic persons have 2 and 1.5 times the odds of developing dementia compared to White individuals. Researchers hypothesize that environmental factors, structural racism, disparities in healthcare access, and quality of care contribute to the increased risk of dementia in this population.3
1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed (DSM-5) Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
2. Dementia. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
3. National Academies of Sciences E, Education D of B and SS and, Board on Behavioral C, Dementias C on the DS of B and SSR on AD and ADR. Prevention and Protective Factors. In: Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America: A Decadal Survey of the Behavioral and Social Sciences. National Academies Press (US); 2021. Accessed April 23, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574343/

I need a response/discussion based off info placed below. Please add some meaningful content to the discussion.
The patient’s chief complaint is a painful swelling on the left leg below the knee, which has gotten progressively worse and intolerable. The primary symptoms presented by the patient include swelling on the left leg under knee, pain, tenderness, warmth to touch, and weeping. Overall, patients with similar conditions manifest symptoms such as an irritated skin area that spreads, swelling, pain, warmth, chills, rashes, and tenderness (Han et al., 2020). The patient denies fever, spots, chills, skin dimpling, and blisters. Applicable medical history is poorly controlled diabetes which may interfere with the healing of the swelling. Additionally, the patient has alcohol and tobacco habits which may hinder effective healing, as such behaviors compromise a person’s immunity. Given Mr. B’s manifestation, the appropriate working diagnosis is cellulitis, as the condition manifests through tenderness, swelling, pain, and weeping.
Description of the Objective Data
The physical examination skills necessary to support the working diagnosis include inspection, palpation, measurement, and assessing peripheral pulses and skin integrity. Inspection is necessary to observe the swelling’s appearance, discharge, and redness. Palpation is necessary to determine tenderness, warmth, fluctuance, and indications of abscess. Measurement is essential to determine the size of the swelling. Assessing peripheral pulses can help ascertain whether blood flow is sufficient to the affected leg, as interfered blood supply can complicate cellulitis management. Assessing skin integrity can help identify skin breaks, cuts, ulcers, and maceration, which are common in cellulitis.
Additional findings that one would expect on physical examination if the patient had cellulitis include erythema, pain on palpation, and enlarged lymph nodes. Erythema is common in cellulitis patients, as the swelling site becomes red and begins to spread. Enlarged lymph nodes may indicate the body’s response to the infection. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of cellulitis involves a bacterial invasion of the skin’s subcutaneous tissue, leading to an infection. Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus are the primary causative agents of the condition. The bacteria triggers an inflammatory response that results in cellulitis symptoms, including swelling, pain, warmth, and erythema.
Differential and Primary Diagnoses
Differential Diagnoses
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (ICD-10 code: 182.40.
The probability of the condition being DVT is low because the patient is experiencing localized swelling, tenderness, and warmth, whereas DVT manifests through unilateral swelling that is not localized (Lee et al., 2022).
Osteomyelitis (ICD-10 code: M86.9).
Although osteomyelitis is usually localized, the pain and swelling affects deeper structures of the skin (Hostee et al., 2020). The weeping experienced by the patient indicates a superficial infection rather than a deep infection like osteomyelitis.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (ICD-10 code: 173.9)
PAD manifests through unilateral swelling and pain, decreased peripheral pulses, claudication, and cyanosis. However, the warmth and weeping experienced by the patient are not typical symptoms of PAD.
Venous Insufficiency (ICD-10 code: 187.2).
Although the condition causes swelling and pain, it is highly chronic, manifesting through long-term edema. It is also naturally bilateral, meaning it would have affected the patient’s both legs. Therefore, the acute nature of Mr. B’s symptoms implies his condition is not venous insufficiency.
The Primary Diagnosis
Cellulitis (ICD-10 code: LO3.90).
Cellulitis is the diagnosis for the patient. The condition affects the superficial layers of the skin as witnessed in Mr. B’s case, and manifests through localized swelling and pain. Weeping, warmth, and tenderness are common indications of cellulitis.
Diagnostic Tests to Perform Basing on the Primary Diagnosis

Do the following to all the learning outcomes.
Define all concepts included in the learning outcome in your OWN words.
“This LO includes X many concepts. This is what the first concept means, second etc.”
20. Include a connection between learning outcome and question that you choose
“I chose this question to explain this LO because X and Y elements are addressed.”
21. State which answer is correct and explain HOW you got to the right answer in your OWN words. (I missed class so this is the application assignment)
“The right answer for this question is X because Y.”
• Make sure that the question you are explaining belongs to the screenshot you included.
• Explain thought process thoroughly using concepts defined earlier.
• If LO includes multiple elements, show evidence and explanation for each. (“If X was different in the question X would be the answer”).
• If applicable show any math or crosses required to solve the question and explain verbally how you did them. Explain WHY you are using particular formulas.
Learning outcomes attached to document

Create a presentation that addresses the elements below:
A proposed triangulated evaluation strategy for the collaborative strategy or intervention identified in your Part 1 assignment.
Utilize one, or more, slides for each of the evaluation strategies.
Conclude with an overall summary of your thoughts about the ability of this collaborative initiative to impact the identified clinical/practice issue from your Part 1 assignment.
No speaker notes needed

I’ve attached the copy of the research paper – so i;ll need one slide for an introduction – 2 slides on methods and 3 slides for findings or vice versa depending on if you need an extra slide for methods or findings

A personal statement letter (three pages, excluding cover and references in AMA format) addressing the
following:
1. A clear statement of your goals and expectations for entering the program
2. Your understanding of the role of a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (applicants are
required to shadow a CRNA)
3. Include at least one article supporting your understanding of the role of a Certified Registered
Nurse Anesthetist, cited according to current AMA Format standard.

This exercise is intended to provide you with a broad framework of assessment development. Please attempt to use an example that would be relevant to you. As well, think about the feasibility, potential educational effect, and how you might “sell” this assessment to potential stakeholders. You should be able to summarize your answers in 2-3 pages.
Develop a basic blueprint and test plan for a simulation-based assessment (this could include computers-based, standardized patients, mannequins, or some combination):
What is the purpose of the assessment
Are you intending to provide feedback for learning (formative) or establish whether those taking the assessment have achieved a certain level of competency (summative)? Or both?
What knowledge, skills, abilities (KSAs) will be measured?
Please define exactly what you are measuring.
What type(s) of simulation will you employ?
For your choice of simulation modality(s), please explain how the knowledge, skills and abilities (from 2, above) can be measured. Describe some scenarios that will be modeled
How did you choose the scenarios to be modeled? Explain why these scenarios are relevant for measuring the KSAs you chose.
How will you generate scores? Will you employ checklists, rating scales, some combination? Briefly explain why.
Imagine that someone (e.g., Dean, Chair of a Department) comes to you and suggests that your assessment is not needed. Briefly explain why the assessment is important. Having only a blueprint for test development, and no assessment data (yet), how would you ‘defend’ its use?
ON THE ASSIGNMENT SHEET THERE IS ALREADY A BASIS OF A BLUEPRINT THAT I WANT TO WORK ON. THE IDEA IS “Addressing and mitigating explicit bias in healthcare settings is crucial for fostering an environment of inclusivity, respect, and fairness, ultimately improving health outcomes for all individuals, which will be provided in this formative training.”Fix up the idea that I have somewhat started on my assignment sheet, and incorporate the five citations provided below in justifying your answers and feel free to use outside sources as well (but make sure to use the five citations listed below).
ONE OF THE FILES I UPLOADED BELOW IS LABELED Test_Blueprinting_raymond. You are supposed to make the blueprint using the idea i provided you with based on the blueprint listed in this article.

B.P. is a 68-year-old pleasant white female. She has been experiencing significant back pain for several weeks. She has been taking OTC Ibuprofen PRN for pain with temporary relief but states the pain is otherwise constant. She said exercise aggravates the pain. She denies any acute injury to her back but states she had COVID-19 with a prolonged and severe cough approximately 1 month ago. She states she a history of a vertebral fracture at T10 5 years ago.
B.P. loves to garden and work in her yard. She states that she has had to take care of her ailing husband for the last year. She states they live in their own home, and that she was still able to take care of household chores and work in her yard until her back pain began.
B.P. states she started menopause at age 51 and has never needed hormone replacement. She states she still has mild hot flashes and vaginal dryness. She states she was 63 when she had a vertebral facture at T10 that occurred when she was carrying a gallon of milk into the house. She states at the time the DEXA scan put her in the osteopenic category. She has a history of seizures but states that her seizures are controlled with medications and that she has not had a seizure in over 20 years. She states she also has a history of asthma since childhood, however she only needs a rescue inhaler PRN and has not had to use the inhaler in 6 months for her asthma. She states that even though she has been taking her calcium she has noticed a height reduction in the last several years.
The patient states her older sister has osteoporosis and has had a hip fracture. She states her maternal aunt also had osteoporosis and had a wrist fracture. B. P.’s mother was diagnosed with breast CA at age 57 and died from pancreatic cancer at age 67. She reports her father died at age 89 from an MI. She states her younger brother had HTN.
B.P. states she has smoked 5 cigarettes a day for the last 5 years but cut down from an entire pack a day for 40+ years. She states she would like to quit but believes that this is not a good time in her life with the stress she is experiencing. She reports she drinks 1-2 glasses of wine per day. Her main intake of calcium is the milk that she has with her cereal daily. She also states she has cheese a couple of times a week. She states that she does very little weight bearing exercises. She states that she always applies sunscreen before going in the sun.
B. P. denies any unusual bleeding, weakness, back spasms, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, chills, heat or cold intolerance and changes in hair skin or nails. She reports vaginal dryness, occasional hot flashes, and night sweats.
Current Medications – Calcium Carbonate 1.25 g PO BID – takes occasionally
Multivitamin 1 PO QD
Albuterol MDI 2 puffs BID PRN
Allergies – Codeine – nausea and vomiting
Sulfa – Rash
Aspirin – Hives and wheezing
Vital Signs – 130/80; Pulse – 88; Respirations – 20; Temperature – 98.4 F. Ht 5’4” Wt 102 lbs.
Physical Exam – General – Alert and Oriented X 3, pleasant cooperative 68-year-old white female who walks with a normal gate and is no apparent distress. She appears anxious currently. Skin – Fair complexion. Turgor good. No lesions. Head – Normocephalic; Eyes – PERRLA, unremarkable exam; Ears – TM intact and pearly bilaterally. Throat – Mucous membranes moist and without drainage. Neck – supple, Thyroid – non tender without masses, no JVD, full range of motion without pain. Chest – equal chest expansion bilaterally, clear to auscultation bilaterally; Cardiac – regular rate and rhythm, no murmurs, S1 and S2 present; Abdomen – Soft and nontender, bowel sounds positive in all 4 quadrants, no masses noted; Musculoskeletal- All peripheral pulses 2 +, tenderness to palpation at L2. Limited flexion and extension of the back, significant lumbar lordosis. Later bend – full range of motion and nontender, Negative for kyphosis, negative for deformity or swelling of the joints. Neurologic – Memory intact, cranial nerves intact, no motor deficits or cross sensory deficits; Toes down going.
Laboratory test findings
Na – 135 meq/L (normal 135-145)
K – 4.2 meq/L (normal 3.5-5.0)
Ca – 8.8 mg/dL (normal 8.5-10.5)
Mg – 1.9 mg/dL (normal 1.8-3.0)
PO4 – 4.8 mg/dL (normal 2.5-4.5)
HCO3 – 25 meq/L (normal 22-32)
Cl – 105 meq/L (normal 101-112)
25, OH Vitamin D 3 ng/mL (10-50 normal )
DEXA Scan Results
Lumbar Spine – -3.79
Right Femoral Neck – -3.19
Right Radius – -2.97

You will need to choose a published article that focuses on providing evidence to support the psychometric adequacy of an evaluation tool. Your task is to synthesize the evidence provided, supply a critique (positive and negative points) and suggest areas for further study. Please provide me with a copy of the article.
Your review should be about 5-6 pages, double spaced. Article review (based on your chosen article)
What is the purpose of the study? Who is being studied?
What evidence is provided to suggest that the scores are reliable?
What potential sources of measurement error might have impacted the scores?
What evidence is provided to suggest that the scores are valid?
What other evidence could be procured (with further study)
What would you do to improve the assessment (or evaluation)?