Category: Literature

For this assignment you will be creating a Literature Review for your Capstone Project/Paper. Here is what a literature review is supposed to accomplish: Gender in White-Collar Crime
“The basic purpose of the literature review is twofold: first, to provide an introduction to your topic and explain the research that has already been conducted; and second, to help motivate and provide background for the hypotheses and research questions that you will be testing. Don’t go overboard; write concisely and powerfully. You should take no more than one paragraph to summarize any one piece of previous research that you cite in the literature review. Try to keep your review as focused as possible on the central themes of interest.”
Here are some general guidelines for the literature review:
You must be sure that you properly cite everything in APA format (parenthetical citations), and avoid plagiarism at all costs. Consult the following website: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/666/01/ (Links to an external site.) for proper formatting and the use of APA.
It is difficult to specify the length of a good literature review. Just as a guideline, I’ll suggest 6-8 pages. That should be enough to set the tone of your paper. However, some may go longer than 6-8 pages (For this assignment no literature review should be shorter than 6 pages)
Remember what a literature review is supposed to accomplish: first, you should provide a general introduction to your topic; and second, you should provide whatever background is necessary for the reader to understand why you are posing your hypotheses and research questions. Therefore, you must focus your attention on only those aspects of your topic that are relevant to your research project! Your 6-8 page literature review is not meant to be the end-all definitive source on your topic; it is only meant to set the tone for the really important stuff that comes later in the paper – namely, the original research that you will be conducting. I very strongly encourage you to plan before you write.
Examine your sources. Decide what the contribution of each source is. Make an outline. After you’ve taken these steps, then start writing. It is exceptionally important that a literature review be well organized – use headings to delineate the topics you will discuss.
For examples of literature reviews, consult your sources – virtually all articles in scholarly journals have literature reviews. Again, the purpose is only to introduce the reader to your topic and set the stage for your hypotheses and research questions. Therefore, you will only want to include relevant selections that lead directly to your project. Here’s what one professor writes of literature reviews:
“An author should communicate a review’s purpose to the reader by its organizations. The wrong way to write a review is to list a series of research reports with a summary of the findings of each. This fails to communicate a sense of purpose. It reads as a set of notes strung together. Perhaps the reviewer got sloppy and skipped over the important organizing step in writing the review. The right way to write a review is to organize common findings or arguments together. A well-accepted approach is to address the most important ideas first, to logically link statements or findings, and to note discrepancies or weaknesses in the research” (Neuman, 2004, p. 78).
Here’s an example. Let’s say that I was researching college students’ attitudes about police use of force. Here’s how I might organize my literature review:
Introduce my topic – perhaps with a scenario or something attention grabbing
What is use of force? I have to define my key concepts before we go on.
Who cares about this topic? I need to explain why it matters – what are the implications of my research? Who cares what college students think about police use of force?
Now I would present the results of studies that directly address attitudes towards police use of force. I would not address studies about the prevalence of use of force, or about court cases regarding the use of force, because those are not targeted directly to my topic. As I present the studies, I would briefly note the conclusions and I would discuss, overall, what we know and what we don’t know. I would issue critiques of previous research as necessary and tie together common themes. A (very hypothetical) paragraph might look like this:
“Previous research has found gender differences in perceptions of use of force. A number of studies (Smith, 1999; Jones, 1998; Anderson, 1983) have found that men are more likely to approve of higher levels of police force than women. However, one study found that female criminal justice students supported higher levels of force than male students (Zebulon, 1993). It is important to note that the first three studies noted above were of citizens, while the last study focused only on students. Furthermore, Zebulon’s work studied only one criminal justice department at one university –clearly, more research is necessary to understand this issue. The research conducted in this project will help clarify the nature of college students’ attitudes towards use of force.
6. The important thing here is to NOT GET OVERWHELMED BY THIS SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. Remember the only purpose of the literature review is to define your topic and set the stage for your hypotheses. In all reality, the literature review is one of the least important parts of your paper – it just is meant to pave the way for your original data collection and analysis (i.e., survey, interviews, etc.).
7. Upload your assignments when you have them completed. I will review drafts that are submitted earlier to provide feedback.
Work Cited: Neuman, W. L. (2004). Basics of social research: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon
You can also consult this resource for guidance: http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview (Links to an external site.

For this assignment you will be creating a Literature Review for your Capstone Project/Paper. Here is what a literature review is supposed to accomplish: Gender in White-Collar Crime
“The basic purpose of the literature review is twofold: first, to provide an introduction to your topic and explain the research that has already been conducted; and second, to help motivate and provide background for the hypotheses and research questions that you will be testing. Don’t go overboard; write concisely and powerfully. You should take no more than one paragraph to summarize any one piece of previous research that you cite in the literature review. Try to keep your review as focused as possible on the central themes of interest.”
Here are some general guidelines for the literature review:
You must be sure that you properly cite everything in APA format (parenthetical citations), and avoid plagiarism at all costs. Consult the following website: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/666/01/ (Links to an external site.) for proper formatting and the use of APA.
It is difficult to specify the length of a good literature review. Just as a guideline, I’ll suggest 6-8 pages. That should be enough to set the tone of your paper. However, some may go longer than 6-8 pages (For this assignment no literature review should be shorter than 6 pages)
Remember what a literature review is supposed to accomplish: first, you should provide a general introduction to your topic; and second, you should provide whatever background is necessary for the reader to understand why you are posing your hypotheses and research questions. Therefore, you must focus your attention on only those aspects of your topic that are relevant to your research project! Your 6-8 page literature review is not meant to be the end-all definitive source on your topic; it is only meant to set the tone for the really important stuff that comes later in the paper – namely, the original research that you will be conducting. I very strongly encourage you to plan before you write.
Examine your sources. Decide what the contribution of each source is. Make an outline. After you’ve taken these steps, then start writing. It is exceptionally important that a literature review be well organized – use headings to delineate the topics you will discuss.
For examples of literature reviews, consult your sources – virtually all articles in scholarly journals have literature reviews. Again, the purpose is only to introduce the reader to your topic and set the stage for your hypotheses and research questions. Therefore, you will only want to include relevant selections that lead directly to your project. Here’s what one professor writes of literature reviews:
“An author should communicate a review’s purpose to the reader by its organizations. The wrong way to write a review is to list a series of research reports with a summary of the findings of each. This fails to communicate a sense of purpose. It reads as a set of notes strung together. Perhaps the reviewer got sloppy and skipped over the important organizing step in writing the review. The right way to write a review is to organize common findings or arguments together. A well-accepted approach is to address the most important ideas first, to logically link statements or findings, and to note discrepancies or weaknesses in the research” (Neuman, 2004, p. 78).
Here’s an example. Let’s say that I was researching college students’ attitudes about police use of force. Here’s how I might organize my literature review:
Introduce my topic – perhaps with a scenario or something attention grabbing
What is use of force? I have to define my key concepts before we go on.
Who cares about this topic? I need to explain why it matters – what are the implications of my research? Who cares what college students think about police use of force?
Now I would present the results of studies that directly address attitudes towards police use of force. I would not address studies about the prevalence of use of force, or about court cases regarding the use of force, because those are not targeted directly to my topic. As I present the studies, I would briefly note the conclusions and I would discuss, overall, what we know and what we don’t know. I would issue critiques of previous research as necessary and tie together common themes. A (very hypothetical) paragraph might look like this:
“Previous research has found gender differences in perceptions of use of force. A number of studies (Smith, 1999; Jones, 1998; Anderson, 1983) have found that men are more likely to approve of higher levels of police force than women. However, one study found that female criminal justice students supported higher levels of force than male students (Zebulon, 1993). It is important to note that the first three studies noted above were of citizens, while the last study focused only on students. Furthermore, Zebulon’s work studied only one criminal justice department at one university –clearly, more research is necessary to understand this issue. The research conducted in this project will help clarify the nature of college students’ attitudes towards use of force.
6. The important thing here is to NOT GET OVERWHELMED BY THIS SECTION OF YOUR PAPER. Remember the only purpose of the literature review is to define your topic and set the stage for your hypotheses. In all reality, the literature review is one of the least important parts of your paper – it just is meant to pave the way for your original data collection and analysis (i.e., survey, interviews, etc.).
7. Upload your assignments when you have them completed. I will review drafts that are submitted earlier to provide feedback.
Work Cited: Neuman, W. L. (2004). Basics of social research: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon
You can also consult this resource for guidance: http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview (Links to an external site.

Imagine you are Rip Van Winkle’s daughter, Judith, writing a journal entry after her father reappears after 20 years. Try to get into the mind of Judith. Be imaginative and creative. Pretend you are Judith and have just seen your father after he has been missing for 20 years. You will not be retelling the plot of the story; you will be Judith reflecting on the events of the day. In this journal entry you can put down whatever thoughts she might have using absolute frankness and honesty.
Write a minimum 400 words in paragraph form, using Times New Roman 12-point font (or similar) with double spacing. A title page is not required.
Submit as a Microsoft Word attachment on the submission page (click title above). Assignments not submitted in this way may be returned to you ungraded.

i need a research literary reseach essay. i need it based off of the literary research proposal I have typed up. the essay needs to only use the literary critisism articles and “the raisin in the sun” play works cited i have provided in the literary research proposal paper. the paper should be based off topic social injustice

The exact assignment instructions are attached in the two files. This paper assignment is pretty open, leaving the writer with freedom to choose their focus, however in alignment with the assignment instructions. One example can be to focus on a specific character, or between multiple characters, for example the relationship between Nash and Edward Williams, or one might use certain events as evidence to analyse and discuss. Pick the most straightforward focus, it does not need to be unique. It is more important how the essay is written and how well it answers the assignment question.It is important to have an introductory paragraph, an introduction sentence in the beginning of each paragraph, discussion paragraph, and a concluding sentence at the end of each paragraph. A concluding paragraph is also important. In short, the normal guidelines for academic writing. Please use a formal tone yes, but don’t exaggerate with peculiar or rare words that only top tier academics use. Opt for a more common word choice that still regards as formal and appropiate for academic writing. There is a need to reference to at least these 2 sources: 1) Crossing the River by Caryl Philips.It needs to be referenced to as a means to show evidence from the book that supports your line of reasoning and moves the essay forward. Correct page numbers.I use the 1994 New York : Knopf : Distributed by Random House version.2) Barry, Peter (2017). An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory: Fourth Edition. Manchester: Manchester University Press. This source needs to be referenced to in order to prove that the evidence shown from “Crossing the River” is legit. That when events from the book ties to postcolonial theories for example, it needs to be backed up what Barry talks about in this book. Every time a term is defined that has to do with postcolonial theory or gay studies or of that sort, Barry’s book should be used. In this way, Caryl Phillips story and Barry’s student literature works together to prove what the essay is trying to convey. If needed, an additional source can be used, but that is not necessary. Sidenote: make sure the requirements are met, for example font, size, etc.

Complete the readings and the videos for this week. Referring both to the Eveleth article and the video that interviews Michael Eisen (“How Open-Access Journals are Transforming Science”), explain why you think open access journals (in science or other disciplines) are or are not a good idea. No matter which side you support, be sure to address the arguments from your opposition as well. You will not be able to see other student posts this week until after you post your own.

The paper was about the relevance of Langston Hughes’ Poems to Contemporary Issues of Racism. Poems cover current themes happening in our society. the paper has some poems with similar themes (race, discrimination, racism) and discusses how they are relevant and relate to what is happening currently.
The paper is already made but is written way too sophisticatedly and professionally. I want you to make it sound simpler with more basic English and standard English. Also, check the essay guidelines and the professor’s commentary that I gave you.
the document called “Borrador 3” is the instruction and commentary from the professor. The one called “Literature Poem Essay” is the essay I want you to work on.

The paper was about the relevance of Langston Hughes’ Poems to Contemporary Issues of Racism. Poems cover current themes happening in our society. the paper has some poems with similar themes (race, discrimination, racism) and discusses how they are relevant and relate to what is happening currently.
The paper is already made but is written way too sophisticatedly and professionally. I want you to make it sound simpler with more basic English and standard English. Also, check the essay guidelines and the professor’s commentary that I gave you.

This paper will be a genre analysis. It must account for three (changing and nebulous, but relatively stable) groups; those who have determined the shape of the genre, those who are writing in that genre, and those who read the genre. There may be a fair amount of overlap between these.
You can either approach the paper by focusing on a single instance of “text” broadly construed, in which you will identify how the structures, shape, and form of the text you are examining come into being, enable the rhetorical acts of the creator/author, and enable the reader of that text to produce meaning. This approach touches on broader sociocultural concepts, but does not take them as the focus.
OR, you can approach the paper by focusing on a broader collection of texts, a specific “genre” which exists with certain social rules. In this perspective, you are looking at how this genre is shaped by broader social conditions and in turn responds to these conditions. The focus here is broader than the other; it can touch on specific texts as examples but does not focus on specific texts.
We are hoping to use science fiction as the genre and love Octavia Butler as an author to reference, but do not have a preference between the two approaches described above.

How has this course helped you? How could it be made better? If you were left in charge of this class, what changes would you make?
Subjects we went over
.Reading comprehension
.Learning outcomes
.Plagiarism
.Compound and complex Sentences