Category: History

Answer both of the following short identification prompts. Each will be scored on a 0-10 scale, for a possible total of 20 on this assignment.
1) Identify and explain the War on Terror
2) Identify and explain the G.I. Bill
Remember a short ID question requires a written response, using complete sentences and appropriate grammar and punctuation. It should be one to two paragraphs in length. It should include the Who, What, Where, When, How, Why of the item in the prompt, as well as an explanation of its significance. Significance is the explanation of why it is worth knowing about, how it enhances our understanding of the past. If you use a quotation in your answer, remember to cite it.
PLEASE EXPLAIN “Who, What, Where, When, How, Why”

Compare Jordan’s explanation for the origins of slavery in British America to that offered
in lecture on September 4 and 6. Can the human oppression exhibited in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries be explained solely in economic terms? In your well-developed,
well-organized 3 page essay (in MS Word format), be sure to support your assertions
with specific evidence from The White Man’s Burden.

Progressives believed they could address the problems of their time, particularly those relating to urbanization and industrialization, through rational means. This week, you read an article (Customer to Consumer) and watched two films (Prohibiiton and Hull House) dealing with progressive reforms in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Many Progressive reforms resulted in greater government regulation and accountability for citizens’ health and safety, particularly regarding products they consumed
In this week’s discussion, I would like you to consider the role of government regulations during the Progressive Era and in your own life today. For example, you might think about specific regulations that affect your life as a a consumer. For example, you might think of how regulation affects your life as a consumer. Are their laws affecting the ingredients of food, medicine, makeup, etc.? Write a brief response (150-250 words) that addresses the prompt below. Note that you will need to post a thread in order to view other threads in this forum.
First, reflect on a specific piece of Progressive legislation or regulation from this week’s article (Customer to Consumer) or films (Hull House or Prohibition). What problem was this specific legislation or regulation meant to address? In your view, was this regulation justified or not? Support your claims with evidence. Explain your reasoning.
Second, reflect on specific government legislation or regulation in your own life as a consumer today. Provide a specific example affecting you that you think is necessary and should be monitored by the government. You may also provide an example of a regulation affecting you as a consumer that you don’t think is necessary. Explain your reasoning. Where possible, offer evidence to support your claims.
Please note that you’ll need to post before you can see your classmates’ posts.
Assessment:
Completeness: Includes all required parts: Reflections on specific Progressive legislation and connection to your own experience as a consumer(15 points).
Engagement: Includes at least one thoughtful interaction with a classmate (10 points).

Early Educational Experience
Objective:
This reading looks at Chicano’s early education experience. Your objective is to identify the author’s early educational experience. You must answer the post questions and reply to two classmates for this summary. You must submit an initial response before you can reply to your classmates.
Grade Rubric:
Two points for critically answering each post question and two points for providing constructive feedback to one classmate. Three-point deduction for entry past the due date.
Ten possible points
barrio-boy-story.pdfDownload barrio-boy-story.pdf
Post discussion
Describe his first day of school.
Explain how he dealt with the language barrier.
Identify who told him what to expect when he goes to school.
Elaborate on your first day of school. Can you relate to his experience?

Discussion of VL ‘The Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs’
Presumably you guys learned little to nothing about the Conquest in high school (although some of you may have pursued this topic simply out of your own interest); regardless, I would like you to settle on some one piece of information for discussion that you found interesting?

How did the experience of subjugation and exile shape Hebrew religion and culture? Please provide a specific example for each. Do you think the Hebrews were important in shaping world history, why or why not?
Your discussion of the topic should have:
A minimum of 350 words
Include accurate content and critical analysis
Include specific examples
Include two meaningful (5 word max) cited quotes in APA in-text parenthetical citation format – one quote from your textbook and one quote from a secondary source
Include proper grammar, punctuation, and capitalization
At the end of your discussion include the reference list for your sources in APA format

The max word count for this essay is 1500 words. The essay title is To what extent is homophobia a legacy of colonialism? However you should be investigating this specific to Uganda, so introduce that idea in the introduction i.e Uganda will be the focus in investigating this question etc. You must have a clear line of argument, and ensure that the the essay is detailed and argumentative not descriptive. Use specific facts, laws at the time good context etc. You should also integrate historians and scholarly work in your answer, intertwine them with your argument and the points you make. This essay should be written to the highest standard encompassing the following : Compelling answer to the question, expertly supported by evidence
Comprehensive and precise knowledge of relevant topics and sources
Original and sophisticated understanding of relevant sources, theories, methods, and/or debates
Superb presentation, including elegant writing style, strong organisation, and flawless referencing
May achieve, or be close to, a publishable standard
The referencing style for this essay should be Chicago referencing. Here are also 3 good points you could explore in the essay :
Colonial Introduction of Anti-Sodomy Laws
Christian Missionary Influence
Post-Colonial Perpetuation and Politicization of Homophobia
here are some good sources include 6 from this list feel free to use your own too :
MARC EPPRECHT (1272) ‘Sexuality, Africa, History’, The American Historical Review, 114(5), pp. 1258–1272.
Sylvia Tamale. Confronting the Politics of Nonconforming Sexualities in Africa. African Studies Review
Corinne Lennox; Matthew Waites Human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity in the Commonwealth: struggles for decriminalisation and change. Read Kevin Ward. Religious institutions and actors and religious attitudes to homosexual rights: South Africa and Uganda, eBook
Patrick Awondo, Peter Geschiere, Graeme Reid. Homophobic Africa? Toward A More Nuanced View African Studies Review
Heterosexual Africa?: the history of an idea from the age of exploration to the age of AIDS
Book by Marc Epprecht 2008
The Problem with Freedom: Homosexuality and Human Rights in Uganda in Anthropological Quarterly
Article by Lydia Boyd 2013
“Dear Dolly’s” Advice: Representations of Youth, Courtship, and Sexualities in Africa, 1960-1980 on JSTOR
Webpage
Building a Barometer of Gay Rights (BGR): A Case Study of Uganda and the Persecution of Homosexuals in Human Rights Quarterly
Article by Susan Dicklitch, Berwood Yost, Bryan M. Dougan 2012
Gay Rights and the Politics of Anti-homosexual Legislation in Africa: Insights from Uganda and Nigeria in Journal of African Union Studies
Article by Lere Amusan, Luqman Saka, O. Adekeye Muinat 2019
Locating Neocolonialism, ”Tradition,” and Human Rights in Uganda’s ”Gay Death Penalty” in African Studies Review
Article by Kristen Cheney 2012
Homophobic Africa? Toward A More Nuanced View in African Studies Review
Article by Patrick Awondo, Peter Geschiere, Graeme Reid 2012 essential
Morality plays and money matters: towards a situated understanding of the politics of homosexuality in Uganda in The Journal of Modern African Studies
Article by Joanna Sadgrove, Robert M. Vanderbeck, Johan Andersson, Gill Valentine, Kevin Ward 2012

Please write an annotated bibliography of the books you will be using for your final essay. The list of sources should include both primary and secondary sources.
What are the components of an annotated bibliography?
An annotated bibliography usually contains three parts:Source Citation: Like a regular bibliography, an annotated bibliography provides proper citation information for each source.Remember that historians usually use Chicago style. Visit our citation section for information about formatting your citations. Your professor may allow other styles, such as MLA; check which style your professor recommend
Source Summary: The first part of your entry will summarize the source concisely.Aim not to dazzle your professor with extensive detail, but to state briefly the topic and main argument of your source. If you are annotating a secondary source, in addition to summarizing the main idea, you will want to give information about how the source is organized, the main types of evidence the author relies on, and how the author makes his or her argument.If you are annotating a primary source, in addition to the main idea, explain the type of source (e.g. a letter, newspaper, census report, etc.), identify the author (include the author’s position and other information to help the reader understand the writer’s perspective and why s/he was in a position to create the source), and state the author’s intended audience.
Source Evaluation: Your source evaluation explains how the source contributes to a particular topic.If you are producing an annotated bibliography in anticipation of writing a research paper, your professor might ask you to consider exactly how you will use the source in your paper. What does the source do for your argument?Is it one of the key pieces of evidence supporting your case?Does it offer crucial background information?Does it present a counterpoint to your argument that you need to address?Other professors might want you to focus more on an evaluation of the source itself.In this case, be sure to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the source.Did you find the argument persuasive?If so, explain what made the argument work well.Were you unconvinced by some of the author’s claims?If so, explain why.You will also want to put the source into the context of the field as a whole.What does this source teach us that we did not know before?Is it filling in a particular gap in the field?Is it refuting a long-held assumption? Authors will often explain how they understand the contribution of their work, so begin by looking in the introduction for such information.
How to write an annotated bibliography.
The first step is to decide which sources will be most critical for your topic. Often, your professor will assign an annotated bibliography relatively early on in the writing process, so perhaps you do not yet know exactly which sources will be the most important or how exactly you will use them.To help you figure that out, think about the research questions that led you to your topic in the first place and then think about which sources would best help you answer those questions.A major benefit of writing an annotated bibliography is that, by the end of it, you will have a far better idea of what your project looks like, what you are arguing, and what evidence you have to support your argument.
Once you have identified your key sources, the second step is to put into writing the main argument of each source. To help you glean the author’s argument, take a step back and look at the big picture.What problem is this author trying to address?What holes in our knowledge does the writer intend to fill?If you had to describe this source to someone who had never read it, what would you say?If you are having trouble capturing the main idea, reread the author’s introduction and conclusion.In those sections, the author is likely to lay out in detail the larger argument.
Now that you know the main argument of the source, the third step is to figure out how successfully the author supported the argument. Look back through the source and see exactly what evidence the author used to make his or her case.Is there enough evidence?Do you agree with how the author interpreted the evidence?In this step, you will also want to put this source into conversation with other sources.Ask how this source fits in with the other ones you have read.Does it agree with them?Disagree?Did you find some sources more convincing than others?If so, why?
Attached below you will find 3 secondary sources (Eldem, Peirce, Raymond), and one more secondary source, HOWEVER, the 4th secondary source entitled “Fariba Zarinabaf. (2001) The Role of Women in the Urban Economy of Istanbul, 1700-1850” is really a secondary source that is comprised of many primary sources. Pick TWO from this document as the two primary sources for this assignment, and make sure to cite each of them individually. And use the other 3 secondary sources as the secondary sources for this assignment. Use the “How to write an annotated bibliography” pdf as reference as well.
DO NOT USE AI,I WILL SCAN THE ASSIGNMENT AFTERWARDS.

In preparation for the initial post, consider these two following American Foreign policies:
Marshall Plan
Vietnam (conflict) War
Then, in one (1) to two (2) paragraphs, address one (1) of the following:
Explain how each of your choices was an effective policy to thwart international communist expansion.
Based on your selections, analyze if the United States should have feared international communist subversion during the Cold War era (1945–1991).
Required source:
Prentzas, G. (2021). Impact of the Marshall Plan. In The Marshall Plan, Updated Edition. Chelsea House. online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=239824&itemid=WE52&articleId=527948

Reading
Human beings descend from apes, and are part of the superfamily Hominoidea. In the late Miocene epoch, the groups of apes that would eventually include humans broke off from Gibbons about 16.8 million years ago. This was then followed by the divergences of other Great Apes, like orangutans, gorillas and lastly chimpanzees and bonobos sometime in the late Miocene, about 8 million years ago.
At this point the genus Homo broke off from a common ancestor with modern chimpanzees and bonobos. It was once thought that, even though chimpanzees were the closest relatives to humans in the evolutionary ape family tree, humans were clearly distinct from their ape ancestors. In 1970 this idea was completely overturned when it was actually discovered during early DNA sequencing that chimpanzees were more closely related to humans instead of gorillas, the next closest related to us in our ape family tree. This is why the term Pongidae is no longer in use. It was once used to include all Great Apes, but was removed from usage after it was determined that chimpanzees/bonobos are actually more closely related to humans than they are their Great Ape cousins. Australopithecus was determined for a long time to be the break from a common chimpanzee-human ancestor, but the recent discovery of Ardipithecus has brought that into question.
Breaking down EtymologyFun Fact
The word homo derives from the Latin for humanus and originally derives from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) word dʰéǵʰōm (this means that the word in most PIE languages is made up of the sounds Dh-Gh-M). This means “dirt” or “earth.” Coincidently, the most common term for human beings across all human languages is derived from dirt, earth or mud in some way.
Reading (off-site)
http://doc.rero.ch/record/211155/files/PAL_E4410.pdfLinks to an external site. (only read pages 36-37 up to the “Digging It” subheading)
Reading (Canvas)
The earliest recorded member of the genus Homo was found in Ethiopia in January of 2013. Unfortunately, this individual does not have a fun name like “Lucy” (the first recorded Australopithecus found in the 1960s), and all that we have so far is a partial jawbone. From this one small bone sample, however, it was determined that this individual was more in line with Homo habilis than it was was Australopithecus. And even though stone tools were not developed till the OldowanLinks to an external site. culture starting around 2.6 million years ago, this new finding has been classified as the oldest dated member of the species Homo habilis. A close relative of H. habilis also evolved some 2.3 million years ago, called Homo rudolfensis.
Comparison of 14 different Homininae skulls
Beginning around 2 million years ago Homo erectus and Homo ergaster started to redefine the body structure of ancient humans. Even though bipedal walking had been present for millions of years, it was this new upright body type that began to dominate the evolutionary track of humans. H. erectus was also the first hominid species to leave Africa en masse. There are still some debates about this among scholars, of which the famous “hobbit” people of Flores IslandLinks to an external site. always come up, but generally the mass migrations of Homo species across the globe did not start until after the evolution of H. erectus.
Around 300,000 years ago, the earliest examples of what would become modern humans evolved in Africa called Homo sapiens heidelbergensis (sometimes just H. heidelbergensis) and Homo sapiens rhodesiensis (also sometimes referred to as just H. rhodesiensis). Homo sapiens are first recorded around 200,000 years ago. However, there are some new findingsLinks to an external site. in Morocco that could push this date back much further. And, within a few decamillennia, ancient humans would begin leaving Africa and finding other hominids that had left previously, mostly descended from H. erectus. This first wave of early H. sapiens was overtaken by another group, modern humans, called H. sapiens sapiens, which left Africa about 70,000 years ago. These people would meet and mingle (which can still be seen in the genes of modern humans, which includes both Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA) with many other groups of Homo species as they would come to inhabit South Asia by 70,000 years ago and Australia by 65,000 years ago, East Asia, Central Asia and Europe around 60,000 year ago, and the Americas by about 25-30,000 years ago. New findings in New Mexico have definitively placed this date before the 15,000 year mark, even though some sites like Cactus Hill and Monte Verde have already called that date into questions decades ago.
Video (Canvas/off-site)
Seven Million Years of Human EvolutionLinks to an external site.
Reading (off-site)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrehistoryLinks to an external site. (Link to outside source)
Reading (off-site)
Modern analog to the ancient past:
Indigenous Peoples – Amnesty InternationalLinks to an external site. (Link to outside source)
Journal (Canvas)
What was one thing you learned here? Explain it as thoroughly as you can in 200-300 words.
Once you have completed your Journal for the Week, turn it in by following this link.
Key Terms from readings
Adaptation
Adoption
Australopithecus
Evolution
Hominid
Homo erectus
Homo habilis
Homo sapiens sapiens
Innovation
Migration
Nomadic
Oldowan culture
Out of Africa Migration (Homo erectus and Homo sapiens)
Sedentary
Spiral of Agriculture
Key Terms from Lecture
Ambiguity of the settling of America
Continents (the four actual landmasses in the world)
Americas
Afro-Eurasia
Oceania
Antarctica (but people weren’t there at this time, so we won’t talk about it)
Hominids
Homo erectus
Homo sapien
Homo sapien neanderthalensis
Homo (sapien) denisova
Dynamics (Power, Gender, etc.)
Gender Binary
Important world rivers in terms of agriculture
Andean Cultures = coastal water ways
China = Yangtze
Egypt = Nile
Indus Cultures = Indus
Mesoamerica = coastal water ways
Mesopotamia = Tigris and Euphrates
Lifeway
Subsistence Culture
Sedentary Culture
Stratification
Third (and fourth, and fifth, and so on) Gender
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