Category: Ethics

mmary:
Due no later than 11:00 p.m. AT on Sunday of Unit 8 Worth 10% of final grade
Brief Descriiption
Through this two-part project you will develop your personal ethical vision statement. Over the course of several units, you will construct your ethical vision statement to assist you in future and present encounters you are faced with in both your personal and professional life.
Part 2. Discovering Your Beliefs and Practices and Clarifying Why
Identify your beliefs and how these beliefs impact your ethical behavior.
Identify what the most important five beliefs you have are. Clarify your belief and practices in terms of acting ethically.
Present an argument why you chose these ethical principles.
What makes these important to you and in your future business dealings.
Identify what your core values are that guide the way you work and make decisions. What challenges you face or anticipate facing in living these beliefs.
The statement should articulate what you strive to be as a business professional, including:
What influences your actions and interactions with others and your organization; Demonstrate how you would put these guiding ideals into practice; and
How this statement will serve as a guidepost for decision making
The paper should follow the APA guidelines for format and citation.
Submission Instructions
Each report should include an introduction and a conclusion, should be 4-6 pages (double spaced), 2.54 cm margins (the default on MS Word), and 12 pts size font.
Activity/Competencies Demonstrated

Please refer to the provided resources for any references and citations.
In this module’s writing journal, demonstrate that you understand utilitarianism by:
summarizing either Mill’s or Bentham’s theory of ethics and then
analyzing the potential strengths and weaknesses of applying this theory, and finally
explain how Mill or Bentham (depending on your focus) would defend the critique that his approach to utilitarianism could become subject to moral relativism.
(If helpful, use the phrasing from the open-access textbook chapter about Rule v. Act Utilitarianism.)
Remember, writing this kind of academic analysis is not about your opinion (although that is important for other conversations); analytical writing in an academic setting is about demonstrating understanding, conveying knowledge, and presenting ideas and views in the historical context of their time and culture.
Use specific examples to develop your analysis, but remember to write in the third person (avoid the first person/”I” and writing from a personal perspective). Support your analysis with direct (and cited) quotations from the readings.

Please prepare a 2 mins presentation to answer the question “ What is the major position and argument(s) of the article?” in Michael Gross’s article (I have attached). Thank you. Please do not use any AI tools for this project.

Question #1
What were the results of the “crisis of knowledge” in western universities? Using the slide show and readings, use specific examples—such as the development of interdisciplinary programs of study or the establishment of new modes of inquiry through post-modernism, feminism, post-colonialism, queer theory, etc.—to demonstrate how traditional disciplines and theories were challenged beginning in the 1950s onward. Although you are not expected to include all of the examples presented to you for this response, be sure to discuss at least TWO in a minimum of 200-words.
Question # 2
In this unit you gained some experience in thinking about curiosity collections and museum displays and the stories they tell about the past. Museums—and more specifically, the discipline of history—were also impacted by the new intellectual revolution that first gained momentum in the mid-20th century and continues to challenge and rethink disciplinary cannons of literature and forms of inquiry. The chapter entitled “The New History in an Old Museum” offers a concrete example of how the discipline of history has undergone an evolution of its own. In a minimum of 200-words, discuss the following:
-How did the history of Colonial Williamsburg undergo reconsideration and revision?
-What factors were taken into account?
-What obstacles did historians, museum curators, and administrators face?
Question # 3
Theory borrowing is one of the many tools in the interdisciplinary process. It involves taking a theory or analytical technique used in one discipline or context and applying it to another discipline or context.
Choose TWO of the theories listed below and develop at least TWO different ways that each theory can be applied outside of its originally intended context. Be as specific as possible in how this application can be done. If you find it difficult to find alternative ways to apply these theories, consider other arenas such as education, religion, personal relationships, business environments, consumerism, politics, warfare, and so on.
1)STAGES OF CHANGE-ADDICTION RECOVERY MODEL (Psychology): This model is based on the Theory of Addiction Recovery. It has five steps in which the manner of counseling shifts to suit the mental state that a patient is in within the process of recovery. 1) Pre-contemplation: a consciousness-raising stage where a patient may approach the process with some degree of denial. They may state: “my father smoked his whole life and never died from it. I don’t see why I can’t do the same”; 2) Contemplation: the stage where a patient suddenly becomes emotionally aware of his/her problem and begins to think that change is possible; 3) Planning: a patient begins to set goals or consider steps toward changing. He or she identifies what needs to be done and commits to the notion that improvement is possible; 4) Action: the patient begins to modify his/her behaviors and tries out new tactics to overcome the addiction; and 5) Maintenance: this is the last step in which the patient works to sustain efforts to break the addiction by setting new goals, shifting values and looking towards a healthy future.
2) COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY (Psychology): A psychological state that refers to the uncomfortable feeling between what one wants to believe is true and what one knows to be true. It describes conflicting thoughts or beliefs that often cause people to perform actions that are opposite to one’s experiences. It also causes people to filter or ignore compelling information that challenges what they want to be true. This theory was first proposed in 1957 when Leon Festinger studied the actions and beliefs of a UFO doomsday cult after their leader’s prophecy failed. The cult leader’s failed message of the earth’s destruction by aliens increased the dissonance (or conflict) between cognitions. Instead of abandoning the cult doctrine, devotees attempted to lessen the dissonance by accepting a new prophecy: that the aliens had spared earth for their sake.
3) DARK TOURISM THEORY (Tourism): This is based on the premise that people are fascinated with destruction and disaster. As a result, thousands of people flock to battle sites where many people lost their lives, as well as areas hit by natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes and tornadoes.
4) CRITICAL RACE THEORY (Law): This theory is often applied to the analysis of court cases. The basic argument is that institutionalized oppression of racial minorities has been sustained by the legal system. Legal judgments are often about preserving power instead of adhering to the pressures of shifting societal norms.
5) PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE THEORY (Marketing): The product life cycle concept suggests that a product passes through four stages of evolution: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. As a product evolves and passes through these four stages, profit is affected and different strategies have to be employed to ensure that the product is a success within its market (LearnMarketing.Net).
6) SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY THEORY (Human Communication): This theory examines human interactions based on peoples’ awareness of how much time they have left to live. This awareness affects their emotions and actions. For example, when people perceive their future as open-ended, they exhibit behaviors that are focused on pursuing abstract goals, career planning, and the development of new relationships. When faced with mortality, people shift their behaviors and tend to pursue present-oriented goals and focus on developing deeper relationships with those people already in their lives.
Here is an EXAMPLE of how to approach this essay using a theory from the field of Mass Communication:
AGENDA SETTING THEORY: “Agenda setting describes a very powerful influence of the media – the ability to tell us what issues are important. It is the creation of public awareness and concern of salient issues by the news media. Two basic assumptions underlie most research on agenda-setting: (1) the press and the media do not reflect reality; they filter and shape it; (2) media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues (“University of Twente Theory Clusters”).
RESPONSE: How can this theory be applied outside of the context of the media? In other words, who else sets agendas that help to shape the way people think? Agenda Setting Theory can easily be applied to politics, religion and education. Politicians, religious leaders and teachers all make decisions about the issues they address. They often shape the terms of a conversation or debate, rally people behind issues that they deem important and filter out information that they wish to de-emphasize.
Question # 4
Using one of the autobiographical readings from this unit as an example, consider how a social scientist may be inspired to further inquire or develop a study to explore a particular issue. For example, in Alice Walker’s “Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self”, she describes her siblings’ jealousy when she was chosen to go to the fair with her father.
This story might inspire studies of the following issues:
the role of gender and birth order within large families
Are younger children often favored by the fathers? In what contexts and why?
This study could involve the following research methods:
surveying a large sample of people
case study investigations of several families
close readings of diaries written by individuals who were part of large families.
Your essay can focus on any issue related to identity. You must include the following:
indicate which reading you are using
refer specifically to the types of research methods you would use (it may help to revisit the previous unit to refresh your memory on different modes of social science modes of inquiry). (200-word minimum)

Liberal Studies students are defined not just by what they know, but by their very character. They think critically, creatively, and independently. They inquire, persist, and apply. The progress you make in acquiring and developing these Habits of Mind may be the most valuable part of this class.

Applying Past Knowledge to New Situations

Review the “Applying Past Knowledge to New Situations” section in Dr. Costa’s summary of the Habits of Mind
Think of a time when you solved a problem by using information or skills that you learned when overcoming an earlier, dissimilar problem. Think in terms of transferable skills.
Write a brief paragraph (100-150 words) describing the problem and how you conquered it (or are currently conquering it). What aspect of the problem prompted you to employ information or skills learned earlier when solving an unrelated problem?

You must provide a scholarly source and demonstrate critical thinking and effective written communication, including proper spelling, grammar, professional language, and APA formatting of references and in-text citations. The use of philosophical concepts, wherever relevant, is highly recommended and necessary to earn full points.
Discussion Prompt
About one baby out of every 600 born in the U.S. has Down’s syndrome. Many of these children are born with fatal physical conditions that can cause quite a bit of pain and suffering. For instance, a baby with Down’s syndrome could be born with part of their vital organs missing, intestines might be blocked, and their heart might not pump properly. Surgery is often required for these infants to survive beyond the first few days of life.
Parents must decide whether to allow surgery to save the child, who may end up requiring costly long-term care and services for life or withholding permission, thus causing the child to die.
Also, we will be concerned with which course of action would be the right one, not with who has the right to decide.
Using one of the moral theories from this course to bolster support for your view, do your best to definitely answer whether it is immoral for the parents to withhold surgery?
(USLOs 8.1, 8.3)
Reference
Rachels, J. (1975). Active and passive euthanasia. New England Journal of Medicine, 292(2), 78-81.

Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Textbook: Chapters 7, 8
Lesson
Minimum of 1 scholarly source (in addition to the textbook)
Initial Post Instructions
The principle of utility involves maximizing happiness as a desirable outcome of decisions. Although it does not get directly said, there is an inverse intention to minimize the undesirable outcome of disaster. Utilitarian decisions are directed toward outcomes—that is, the consequences of decisions.
We need to look at results. We first look at the actual results of an action. We judge if it was the best possible result. We can judge the actual results in comparison to other results that reasonably could be said to have been possible.
If we do not yet have the actual results of an action, we do not know if it is moral or not. We can talk hypothetically about what might happen, and then what that would show about the morality of an action. However, if we do not know what the action had as its consequences, we cannot yet say if it is moral or not.
For the initial post of this week’s discussion respond to one of the following options, and label the beginning of your post indicating either Option 1, Option 2, or Option 3:
Option 1: You are a nurse on a floor with only elderly patients. Every day, each patient tells you about how much pain they are in and asks you to help them. They want you to inject them with something to end their lives. If the patients die, the beds on that floor would be freed up for other patients. The hospital is at 100 percent capacity. There is no other hospital for 30 miles. Other patients may be not receiving care due to a lack of free beds. What is the moral thing to do here? Why is that the moral thing to do? What would an utilitarian say is the moral thing to do? Why would they say that? Compare and contrast the utilitarian approach with that of an ethical egoist or social contact theorist
Option 2: A new social media app is offering itself to you for free. If you upload a picture to it, the app will show how you will look at 10 years. John Doe, a friend of yours, says not to use the app as it will then possess your biometric facial data. Jane Doe, another friend of yours, says that she heard the app shares the facial data with a security firm that helps the government detect terrorists at airports. Should you use this app? Why or why not? If John Doe is right, would an utilitarian say it is right to use the app? Why or why not? If Jane Doe is right, would a social contract theorists say it is right to use the app? Consider the role the Fourth Amendment at play here.
Option 3: You are a nursing student at the XYZ College. It has a 50 percent acceptance rate (half the applicants do not get in). XYZ is a public college. XYZ has decided to implement an affirmative action policy. The college has few students over the age of 50. To encourage more students of that age, every student 50 or older will receive a bonus point. A student’s admission is dependent on having 11 points. One earns points for a GPA above a certain score, ACT/SAT score above a certain number, having a letter of recommendation, etc. XYZ also lacks LGBT students, Muslim, and African-American students and is considering offering a bonus point for any student fitting those categories. What is the key moral conflict for XYZ? What social values should XYZ promote here? What diverse populations are involved here, and what are their interests? Do you think XYZ’s social action is the correct solution to lack of diversity? Why or why not? Factor the ethics of egoism and utilitarianism into your answer.
Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside scholarly source)
This is the log in info:
url: https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9780133914351/pageid/20
email:
password: for assigned writer
Ethics book is Element of Moral Philosophy

For this week’s assignment respond to one of the following options, and include Option 1, 2, or 3 as part of your heading.
Option 1: The first option is to name and describe in detail a key specific and recent healthcare technology. What are at least two key moral problems this technology creates? What are the proper moral guidelines for dealing with it in your view? Compare your approach to what a utilitarian and ethical egoist would say (each independently). Consider whether differing ethical beliefs globally might or not agree with what you say.
Option 2: In the second option, name and describe in detail a key specific and recent social technology. What are at least two key moral problems this technology creates? What are the proper moral guidelines for dealing with it in your view? Compare your moral approach to what a utilitarian and social contract ethicist would say (each independently). Consider whether differing ethical beliefs globally might or not agree with what you say.
Option 3: John Doe, Patient One, is in late stage of kidney disease. If he does not receive a new kidney, then he is predicted to die within a week. Doe is 45, single, and has no children. Doctors theorize that Doe damaged his kidney by not following a low-salt diet. Doe inherited one million dollars and is known for giving money to charity. Without a transplant, he will probably be forced to spend all his money searching for a kidney outside of the usual legal channels. Patient Two is Jane Doe (no relation to John). Patient Two is a mother of two children (ages 21 and 24). She is divorced and 55 years old. She developed kidney problems due to eating a high-fat and high-sugar diet. If she does not receive a kidney within one month, doctors believe she will die. Patient Three is an orphan. This orphan lives in a state facility. She was born with a genetic condition that constantly damages her kidney. The only known approach to her condition is to provide her with a kidney transplant every so often. She is 11 and has already undergone two kidney transplants. She will perish in two months if she does not receive another transplant.
All three patients are at the same hospital. The hospital only has one kidney to give out. The orphan’s birth parents were known to be of a religion that is opposed to organ donation. The other patients come from religions that do not oppose organ donation. Who should get the kidney? Why should that candidate receive it over the others? Devise a course of social action and a solution for this case by using the ethics of egoism and then utilitarianism to a key moral conflict involving health care in this case. Appraise the interests of diverse populations (in terms of ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, etc.) and how they relate to the case. Consider whether differing ethical beliefs globally might or not agree with what you say.
For all the options:
Cite the textbook and incorporate outside sources, including citations.
You should not be using any text you used in a discussion board or assignment for this class or any previous class.
Consider whether differing ethical beliefs globally might or not agree with what you say.
You will submit the following:
An audiovisual presentation that presents one of the options above. Be sure to give equal time to each element. Doing a PowerPoint presentation with audio recorded on the slides is preferred. Please refer to the Narrated PowerPoint Tutorial located in the Required Resources in this assignment.
Please provide a transcriipt of anything said in the recording aloud that does not appear as text on a slide. This transcriipt can be provided as a Word document or placed in the Notes section on the PowerPoint slides.
The link or a scan of the article mentioning any health technology, social technology, or case you are reporting on. If you made up the case, please indicate that in your report. If you choose to do option #3 (the case about a shortage of transplant kidneys), your article would likely be an article about the shortage of transplant organs, or a shortage of people signing up to be transplant donors, or the status of educating people about being donors, etc.
Requirements
Length: 4-6 minutes narrated presentation
Slide length: 4-6 slides (not including title slide, conclusion slide, or references slide)
Title slide
Conclusion slide
References slide (minimum of 2 scholarly sources cited in APA format; not narrated)
This is the log in info:
url: https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9780133914351/pageid/20
email:
password: for assigned writer
Ethics book is Element of Moral Philosophy

This post should be written from the viewpoint of the survey being given to allow a baby a chance at life and it would be immoral for the parents to withhold from surgery.
Be sure to use in-text and post reference citation from: Dimmock, M., & Fisher, A. (2017). Ethics for A-level. Retrieved from
https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/ethics-for-a-level
ISBN-13: 9781783743902
Discussion Prompt
About one baby out of every 600 born in the U.S. has Down’s syndrome. Many of these children are born with fatal physical conditions that can cause quite a bit of pain and suffering. For instance, a baby with Down’s syndrome could be born with part of their vital organs missing, intestines might be blocked, and their heart might not pump properly. Surgery is often required for these infants to survive beyond the first few days of life.
Parents must decide whether to allow surgery to save the child, who may end up requiring costly long-term care and services for life or withholding permission, thus causing the child to die.
Also, we will be concerned with which course of action would be the right one, not with who has the right to decide. Using one of the moral theories from this course to bolster support for your view, do your best to definitely answer whether it is immoral for the parents to withhold surgery?

Fill out the template attached below, ask your professor for details on submission.
3. Compose the last question on the template reflection in a Word document and be sure to address, at a minimum, the following questions:
Why do you feel the way you do about the issue presented?
Of the four responses offered in the scenario, which do you think is the most ethical and why?
Which ethical theory would you use to support your stance? Why does this theory work?
4. Support your conclusions with evidence and specific examples from the textbook, including a minimum of one theory of ethics to defend your stance.
5. Your reflection must be 1-2 pages in length and follow APA formatting and citation guidelines as appropriate, making sure to cite at least two sources.
For the third paragraph I picked A which states “Dr. Williams is correct. A mandate to either keep a child or to abort it after a diagnosis would be an entirely different discussion, but this is merely a blood test, and it is optional. We are simply providing the expecting parents with more information about their unborn child. As Down syndrome can cause significant impairment and increase health risks, we are acting ethically as a health care providers in making the test available to all.
if you would like to watch the video I can give you my login but I prefer not to have to. For any additional information needed let me know.