Category: English

In Malcolm Gladwell’s chapter, “The 10,000 Hour Rule,” he discusses the basis of talent and asserts that it may not be innate. Instead, he claims that success is achieved based on the decade in which one is born, hitting 10,000 hours of practice, and having access to opportunities. Each of these elements is one of Gladwell’s major claims, and they will divide your paragraphs. In other words, one body paragraph will be about the timing of birth, another will be about 10,000 hours, and the final body paragraph will consider opportunity (though the order can change). Ultimately, it is your job to summarize the chapter and assess how Gladwell proves his argument. You will do this by thoroughly analyzing how successful his evidence is in terms of his projected audience. Thesis statement: Your thesis statement should be straightforward. It should clearly state the argument that Gladwell makes and name the three types/pieces of evidence that he relies on to make it. For example: Gladwell relies on charts, narratives, and expert opinion to show that talent and success are not innate. OR: In order to prove that talent is not innate, he shows that the time someone is born, the hours of practice they accrue, and access to opportunities determine success. Body paragraphs: Each body paragraph will introduce one of the claims made by the author and focus on 1) explaining the claim; 2) presenting ONE example of evidence from the reading; presenting ONE personal example or opinion to support or oppose the evidence; and 3) determining WHY and HOW that evidence works to support his claim. Gladwell uses A LOT of different kinds of evidence, so you should not repeat the types you analyze in each of these paragraphs. You will need to choose strategically. For example, I do not want to see 3 paragraphs about Gladwell’s use of personal stories. Each paragraph needs to consider its own claim and the veracity of its own unique evidence. Analyze the evidence.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step-by-Step Guide for Writing Your Paper on Malcolm Gladwell’s “The 10,000 Hour Rule”

Step 1: Craft a Strong Thesis Statement

Your thesis should succinctly express Gladwell’s central argument and outline the three key pieces of evidence he uses to support it. For example:

• Example Thesis: “In ‘The 10,000 Hour Rule,’ Gladwell argues that success is not solely based on innate talent but rather on the timing of one’s birth, the accumulation of 10,000 hours of practice, and access to opportunities.”

The thesis sets up the structure of your paper, so make sure to clearly state the argument and what you will analyze in each body paragraph.

Step 2: Introduction

Start your paper with an introductory paragraph that provides a brief summary of the chapter. This should also include your thesis statement at the end of the paragraph. You want to set the stage for the arguments you’re going to present in the body.

Example Introduction:
In Malcolm Gladwell’s chapter, “The 10,000 Hour Rule,” the author challenges the idea that success is merely a product of innate talent. Instead, he argues that timing, practice, and opportunity are the true drivers of success. He presents compelling evidence to support his argument, focusing on the decade one is born, the number of hours of practice accumulated, and the access to resources or opportunities. Gladwell’s use of narratives, charts, and expert opinions strengthens his case that talent alone is not enough for success.

Step 3: Structure Your Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph should focus on one of the three claims Gladwell makes. Your paragraph will follow this general structure:

1. Claim Explanation: Introduce the claim.
2. Evidence: Provide one piece of evidence from the reading (e.g., a specific story, statistic, or expert opinion).
3. Personal Example or Opinion: Offer your own perspective that either supports or challenges the evidence presented.
4. Analysis: Evaluate how the evidence supports the claim and why it works effectively in Gladwell’s argument.

Body Paragraph 1: The Timing of Birth

• Claim: Gladwell argues that when someone is born can significantly influence their opportunities for success.
• Evidence: Gladwell uses the example of Canadian hockey players, showing how players born in the first few months of the year have a competitive advantage because they are older and more physically developed than those born later in the year.
• Personal Example/Opinion: This claim resonates with me because I’ve noticed that athletes in school sports often get more attention based on their age and maturity level. It’s not just about skill—sometimes being older gives you a competitive edge.
• Analysis: Gladwell’s use of the hockey player example demonstrates how external factors like the month of birth can influence success. This evidence is effective because it’s based on real-world data that many people can relate to, making the argument about timing highly relatable and persuasive.

Body Paragraph 2: The 10,000 Hour Rule

• Claim: Gladwell emphasizes that success requires a significant amount of practice—specifically, 10,000 hours.
• Evidence: Gladwell cites the example of the Beatles, who played live in Hamburg for hundreds of hours before they became successful. This extensive practice was key to their success.
• Personal Example/Opinion: I agree with this claim. In my own experience, I’ve noticed that the more time I dedicate to a skill, like writing or playing an instrument, the better I get. Talent alone doesn’t seem to be enough.
• Analysis: The Beatles’ story is a great example of how consistent, deliberate practice can set people apart. Gladwell’s use of this evidence is convincing because it shows how practice—not just natural ability—was the main factor in their rise to fame. The 10,000-hour benchmark also provides a concrete, memorable way to think about the dedication needed for success.

Body Paragraph 3: Access to Opportunities

• Claim: Gladwell argues that opportunities, such as access to resources, mentors, and platforms, are crucial for success.
• Evidence: Gladwell highlights the story of Bill Gates, who had unique access to a computer at a young age, allowing him to develop his skills long before most people had similar opportunities.
• Personal Example/Opinion: I believe access to resources and opportunities is essential. For example, having access to online learning platforms has helped me develop skills that others in my community might not have, which is a significant advantage.
• Analysis: The story of Bill Gates is a strong example of how opportunity can shape success. Gladwell’s argument is compelling because it underscores that even highly talented individuals need the right environment and circumstances to thrive. The focus on opportunity makes the case that success isn’t just about individual effort—it’s about being in the right place at the right time.

Step 4: Conclusion

In your conclusion, summarize the key points from your body paragraphs and restate how Gladwell’s evidence supports his thesis. You might also reflect briefly on the significance of the ideas presented in the chapter.

Example Conclusion:
Gladwell’s argument in “The 10,000 Hour Rule” challenges the notion that success is solely determined by innate talent. Through his examples of birth timing, hours of practice, and access to opportunities, he effectively demonstrates that external factors play a critical role in achieving success. Gladwell’s use of narrative examples, data, and expert opinion strengthens his case, making his argument both accessible and compelling. Ultimately, his analysis provides a more holistic view of success, reminding us that hard work, perseverance, and the right opportunities are just as important as talent.

Step 5: Final Review

Before submitting your paper:

• Ensure clarity: Make sure each paragraph has a clear focus and that your argument is well-supported by evidence.
• Check structure: Verify that your paper follows the appropriate structure (introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion).
• APA Formatting: Ensure proper in-text citations and reference list in APA format.
• Grammar and Spelling: Proofread your paper for grammar and spelling mistakes.

What do the quilts symbolize to the narrator and her daughter, Maggie?
What is the importance of the TV-show dream?
What characteristics does Dee possess that show how unethical modernity can be?

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

1. Understanding the Prompt: You’re tasked with answering three specific questions related to a piece of literature (likely “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker):

• First: What do the quilts symbolize to the narrator and her daughter, Maggie?
• Second: What is the importance of the TV-show dream?
• Third: What characteristics does Dee possess that show how unethical modernity can be?

You’ll need to structure your response thoughtfully and provide evidence from the text to support your answers.

2. Structuring the Paper:

• Introduction (2-3 sentences):
  Begin by briefly introducing the central themes of the story. You can mention the importance of heritage, family dynamics, and how Dee’s character represents modernity.
• First Part – Symbolism of the Quilts (200 words minimum):
  In this section, analyze the symbolism of the quilts. Discuss how they represent heritage, family history, and the connection to the past. Explain how the narrator (Mama) and Maggie view the quilts and why they are significant to them. Maggie sees the quilts as a link to her ancestors, while Mama sees them as a way to preserve and honor her family’s traditions.
• Second Part – The TV-show Dream (200 words minimum):
  Discuss the importance of the TV-show dream that Mama has. What does it reveal about her aspirations and her view of Dee’s character? You can interpret this dream as symbolic of Mama’s desire to be appreciated or valued in a way that Dee might understand, and yet it also reflects her deep connection to her roots, which Dee rejects.
• Third Part – Dee’s Characteristics and Unethical Modernity (200 words minimum):
  Examine Dee’s character and how she embodies aspects of modernity that are disconnected from tradition and ethics. Her materialism, desire for things she doesn’t understand, and her attempt to impose her version of heritage on others show how modernity can be shallow and self-serving. You can argue that her character represents how modernity, in its extreme form, can lead to the abandonment of deeper values like family and history.

3. Writing Tips:

• Provide textual evidence: Use quotes or specific references from the story to support your analysis.
• Be clear and organized: Break down each question into a separate paragraph for clarity.
• Stay on topic: Ensure each part of your paper answers the questions directly and thoroughly.

4. Conclusion (Optional):
You can conclude by summarizing how the symbolism of the quilts, the TV-show dream, and Dee’s modernity each reflect the story’s larger themes of heritage, identity, and family.

By following this step-by-step guide, you’ll be able to effectively answer the questions and engage with the text. Good luck, and remember to be specific in your responses!

hello! i am attaching instructions on a paper I have on environmental effects on health care. some topics you could write about are: agrotoxics, pesticides (on foods), magnetic fields, carbon monoxide… You could pick whichever topic or even two of those. please just note that on my last paper I was flagged with AI usage. Also, follow APA format. thank you

Introduction

• Purpose: Introduce the environmental factors affecting public health and healthcare, emphasizing the growing concern over pollutants like agrotoxics, pesticides, magnetic fields, and carbon monoxide.
• Thesis Statement: This paper will explore the detrimental impacts of agrotoxics and pesticides on health, as well as the risks associated with electromagnetic fields and carbon monoxide exposure, while highlighting preventive measures.

1. Agrotoxics and Pesticides

• Definition: Agrotoxics and pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture to control pests, but they can have unintended consequences on both the environment and human health.
• Health Risks:
  • Long-Term Exposure: Chronic exposure to agrotoxics can lead to neurological damage, hormone disruption, and even cancers.
  • Pesticide Residue: Pesticide residues on food can be ingested by consumers, leading to health issues like developmental problems in children, respiratory problems, and increased risk of certain cancers.
  • Research and Findings: Citing studies or health reports showing the correlation between pesticide exposure and health problems (e.g., farm workers, children in rural areas, etc.).
• Mitigation:
  • Regulations: Discuss regulations like the Environmental Protection Agency’s limits on pesticide residues and the push toward organic farming as alternatives.
  • Public Awareness: Emphasize the importance of washing fruits and vegetables and choosing organic produce when possible.

2. Magnetic Fields (Electromagnetic Fields)

• Definition: Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are areas of energy that surround electrical devices, and their potential health impacts are being closely studied.
• Health Risks:
  • Possible Link to Cancer: EMFs, especially from devices like cell phones, power lines, and microwave ovens, are suspected to increase the risk of brain tumors and other cancers.
  • Other Health Concerns: EMFs may also contribute to sleep disturbances, headaches, fatigue, and other chronic conditions.
  • Research and Debate: Mention conflicting studies on the link between EMF exposure and health risks. Some studies have found a slight increase in risk, while others have found no correlation.
• Mitigation:
  • Precautionary Measures: Encouraging distance from sources of EMFs, using speakerphone on mobile phones, and limiting time spent near strong EMF sources.
  • Regulations: Government regulations on EMF exposure limits in workplaces and public spaces.

3. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• Definition: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, often from vehicles or home heating systems.
• Health Risks:
  • Acute Poisoning: Exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide can result in headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and even death.
  • Chronic Health Effects: Long-term exposure to low levels can lead to cardiovascular issues, cognitive impairment, and neurological damage.
  • At-Risk Populations: Elderly individuals, children, and people with pre-existing heart or lung conditions are at higher risk.
• Mitigation:
  • Detection and Ventilation: Promote the installation of carbon monoxide detectors in homes and workplaces.
  • Regulations: Discuss air quality standards and regulations on vehicle emissions and residential heating systems.

Conclusion

• Summary: Reiterate the importance of addressing environmental hazards like agrotoxics, pesticides, EMFs, and carbon monoxide to protect public health.
• Call to Action: Encourage further research on these topics, stricter regulations, and public education to minimize exposure and promote safer alternatives.

Additional Notes:

• You could use real-world examples, statistics, or studies to support each of your points (these will help avoid AI flags, as they will be based on your research).
• Make sure to cite your sources properly (APA format or whichever citation style your professor prefers).
• If you include data, ensure it’s clearly explained, and avoid paraphrasing too closely from sources to maintain originality.

Did the ending surprise you? Why or why not?
How should civilians who participate in war be treated – like civilians or soldiers?
Is Bierce commenting on military law?

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your Paper:

1. Read the Prompt Carefully
   Before diving into writing, ensure you fully understand the question or topic. In this case, you’re asked to explore how civilians who participate in war should be treated. Additionally, you’re exploring whether Bierce is commenting on military law. These are two distinct ideas, so it’s important to break down each part of the prompt to avoid missing anything crucial.
2. Research the Topic
   Gather relevant information. For the first question, focus on how civilians have historically been treated in wartime, including legal and ethical considerations. For the second question, research Ambrose Bierce’s writings and the context of military law. You could look into works like An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge or his broader commentary on war and law.
3. Formulate a Thesis Statement
   Your thesis should answer both parts of the prompt in a concise sentence. For example:
   “Civilians who participate in war should be treated with the same legal protections as other non-combatants, and Bierce’s works highlight his criticism of the inconsistencies within military law.”
   The thesis statement should set the stage for your argument in the paper.
4. Outline Your Paper
   Create an outline with sections that break down your paper logically:
   • Introduction: Brief overview of the questions, your thesis, and a preview of the structure.
   • Section 1 – Civilians in War: Discuss how civilians who engage in war are treated, comparing various historical and contemporary perspectives.
   • Section 2 – Bierce’s Commentary on Military Law: Analyze Bierce’s writing and whether or not it suggests a critique of military law.
   • Conclusion: Summarize your findings and reemphasize how they answer the prompt. Reinforce your thesis in a fresh way.
5. Write the Paper
   Start with a strong introduction that hooks the reader and introduces your thesis. In each body paragraph, ensure you:
   • Introduce the idea.
   • Provide evidence (quotes, research, examples) to support your argument.
   • Analyze the evidence and relate it back to your thesis.

   Be sure each paragraph addresses one key idea. Transition smoothly between ideas, and remember that clarity is key.

6. Use Critical Thinking
   Don’t just summarize the information; critically engage with it. Ask questions like: How does the treatment of civilians differ in various contexts? Does Bierce’s work seem to question military law, and if so, how? Your personal insights will strengthen the argument.
7. Conclude Effectively
   The conclusion should not introduce new ideas but instead tie everything together. Restate your thesis in light of the discussion, and end with a closing thought that leaves a lasting impression. Could your research reveal any broader implications or lessons for modern warfare and military law?
8. Edit and Proofread
   After you’ve written the first draft, take time to review and revise. Check for:
   • Clarity and structure: Does each paragraph flow logically?
   • Grammar and spelling: Are there any errors?
   • Formatting: Does your paper adhere to any required format or citation style?

   Don’t hesitate to ask for feedback from a peer or tutor if needed.

Written Assignment
Educational Pioneer Chart
Open the chart file. Select any three persons discussed in this chapter on Educational Pioneers. Complete the comparison chart including the listed topics. Finally, in paragraph form state what conclusions you drew about these people and time periods related to education today. Submit.
Educational Pioneers Chart .pdf
January 8 2024, 3:03 PM
Add submission

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1: Select Three Educational Pioneers

Review the chapter on Educational Pioneers and choose three influential figures. Common examples include:

• John Dewey (Progressive Education)
• Maria Montessori (Child-Centered Learning)
• Horace Mann (Public Education Reform)

Step 2: Complete the Comparison Chart

Your chart should compare the following aspects:

1. Educational Philosophy – Their core beliefs about education.
2. Key Contributions – Major reforms, theories, or institutions they influenced.
3. Impact on Modern Education – How their ideas still shape education today.
4. Challenges Faced – Opposition or struggles they encountered.

Step 3: Write a Conclusion Paragraph

Analyzing these pioneers highlights how education evolved through various reform movements. Horace Mann’s push for free, universal education established the foundation for modern public schooling, ensuring access for all. John Dewey’s progressive approach revolutionized classroom engagement, emphasizing critical thinking over rote memorization. Maria Montessori’s child-centered philosophy transformed early childhood education, promoting independence and hands-on learning. Despite facing opposition, their lasting influence proves that educational reform is a continuous process shaped by societal needs. Their contributions demonstrate that education is not static but a reflection of changing philosophies, societal values, and the evolving understanding of how students learn best.

Who are you? What do you believe? What cognitive biases do you have? These are big questions to answer, but necessary to consider before moving forward in your professional life. In a one- to two-page paper, consider the people and experiences that have shaped how you see yourself, how you see life, and, most importantly, how they have shaped your biases. List and then describe a minimum of three things you believe to be true, such as the existence of God, right vs. wrong, morality, and what it means to be a “good” person. Explain, in detail, how you acquired these beliefs (including the other people or experiences that have influenced you most), why these beliefs are important and how these beliefs will influence how you engage with people and policies in your future career. Do not simply say something like, “I believe in doing the right thing because it is the right thing.” You must really dig deep into your psyche and analyze your own perspective of the world; make your brain hurt! Most importantly, discuss at least two cognitive biases that you might be most subject to and why. Integrate these into your three beliefs and analyze the ways in which they shape you. There is no right or wrong answer to these questions, but your in-depth insight is important. Your paper must be in APA Style, typed, and proofread. You do not need an abstract or outside references for this paper. Remember we acquire beliefs largely from our social circles (especially parents) but ask yourself the origins of your beliefs. (If you talk about God, make sure you say that his existence is real

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1: Brainstorm Your Core Beliefs

• What are three fundamental things you believe to be true?
• Where did these beliefs come from (family, religion, experiences)?
• How have these beliefs shaped your life and decision-making?

Step 2: Identify Your Cognitive Biases

• Confirmation Bias – Do you tend to seek information that aligns with what you already believe?
• Anchoring Bias – Do first impressions strongly influence your judgment?
• Other Biases? – Consider personal tendencies that shape how you interpret situations.

Step 3: Structure Your Paper

1. Introduction (1 Paragraph)
   • Introduce the purpose of the paper.
   • Briefly outline the key themes (beliefs and biases).
2. Three Core Beliefs (3-4 Paragraphs)
   • Belief 1: Clearly define the belief and how you developed it.
   • Belief 2: Explain its significance and origin.
   • Belief 3: Describe how this belief influences your worldview.
3. Cognitive Biases and Their Impact (2-3 Paragraphs)
   • Identify two biases and explain how they shape your thinking.
   • Connect these biases to your beliefs and professional interactions.
4. Conclusion (1 Paragraph)
   • Summarize insights gained from this reflection.
   • Discuss how self-awareness of biases will help in your professional life.

Step 4: Proofread and Format in APA Style

• Ensure proper APA formatting (title page, in-text citations if needed).
• Review for grammar, coherence, and depth of analysis.

By following this guide, you’ll craft a thoughtful and insightful reflection on your beliefs and biases!

Assignment Directions:
Week 3: Poster Project
During Week 2, we discussed some of the ways experts present their scientific research. This week, you will be using one of those types of presentations: the poster. Before you begin, make sure to review Week 2’s “Presenting a Poster” section. Also, make sure to read Week 3’s course content. Make sure to pay special attention to the information about the hypotheses and research question.
Next, choose one of the articles from the list below, and read that article carefully. They have all been used in the course content. Your poster will present an analysis of the article you choose.
Articles:
Black, Drinane, and Akef article.pdf [PDF]
Gu, Guo, and Wang article.pdf [PDF]
Guruprasad, Naresh, and Boggarapu article.pdf [PDF]
Lee and Lee article.pdf [PDF]
Machado, de Oliveira, Peregrina, and Cantilino article.pdf [PDF]
Raimbault, Cointet, and Joly article.pdf [PDF]
Ren et al. article.pdf [PDF]
Villaverde article.pdf [PDF]
Zlitni et al. article.pdf [PDF]
Zhao et al. article.pdf [PDF]
Zhao, Dang, and Maes article.pdf [PDF]
Xin et al. article.pdf [PDF]
Your poster should point to the following components of your chosen article:
Title
Author(s)
Research study elements
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Conclusions
Discussion
Affiliation, acknowledgement, and, if applicable, funding source
Note – your chosen article may NOT have all of these elements, and that is fine. Just point it out somewhere in your poster when any elements are missing.
If you need help developing your poster, please view this link: NYU Design Tips [webpage]. The link gives tips that might help you. It also has some sample poster templates that could be of use.
NOTE: You can use any number of programs for this assignment (Canva, PowerPoint, Preview, Freeform), but please save your poster as a PDF. Include your name in the file name for your poster: SamSmithENGL221PosterProject.
*Please note: In the rubric, the references to “website” equals your “poster.”
Submission Instructions:
A 3–5-page Word Document
Must include a title page, abstract, and references. These are not counted in the page count/slide count.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your poster project easily!

Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your Poster

1. Choose Your Article:
   • First, review the list of articles provided. Choose one article that interests you or aligns with your research. Read it thoroughly, focusing on the key sections (e.g., Introduction, Results, etc.) to understand the study and its findings.
2. Organize Your Poster Sections:
   • Title: Clearly state the title of the article at the top of your poster. This will immediately inform viewers about the focus of the research.
   • Author(s): List the authors involved in the research. This helps acknowledge the contributors to the study.
   • Research Study Elements: Create a section for each of the following:
     • Introduction: Briefly summarize the background and purpose of the research. Why is this study important?
     • Materials and Methods: Highlight the tools, instruments, and procedures used in the study. This could be a brief summary of the experimental design.
     • Results: Present key findings from the study. You may want to use charts, graphs, or bullet points to clearly display results.
     • Conclusions: Provide a short overview of what the researchers concluded from their findings.
     • Discussion: Explain the implications of the results, what the authors suggest for future research, or any limitations noted.
   • Affiliation, Acknowledgement, Funding Source: If available, include the institution the research was affiliated with, acknowledgements, and funding information.
3. Design Your Poster:
   • Layout: Use a simple, organized layout that guides the viewer’s eye from section to section. Ensure that each part of the article is clearly visible and easy to follow.
   • Fonts: Use legible fonts, with clear headings for each section. Keep the text minimal—your poster should convey key points without overwhelming the viewer.
   • Graphics: Incorporate relevant images, graphs, or charts that help visualize the data or findings from the article. If your article includes any visuals, you can incorporate them into the design.
   • Color Scheme: Use a clean and professional color scheme that enhances readability (e.g., muted background with contrasting text).
4. Use Design Tools:
   • You can use programs like Canva, PowerPoint, Preview, or Freeform to design your poster. These tools offer templates and easy-to-use design features.
   • If you’re using Canva, for example, browse through the template library and pick one that works best for your article. Customize it to fit the content you’re presenting.
5. Export and Save as PDF:
   • Once your poster is complete, save it as a PDF. Ensure the file name includes your name, like this: SamSmithENGL221PosterProject.pdf.
6. Review:
   • Double-check your poster for clarity, accuracy, and overall design. Make sure that it flows logically and presents the article’s content in a visually engaging way.

By following these steps, you’ll create a polished and effective research poster that highlights the key components of your chosen article. Take it one step at a time, and you’ll have a clear and professional presentation in no time!

Item 2 of the Portfolio: Annotated Bibliography (due in week 4)
Please wait until the Monday of Week 4 to submit your assignment.
*If you have extenuating circumstances requiring you to submit early, please email me ahead of time to let me know.
Double-Space all assignments.
Include the appropriate heading and title for your paper:
For your final paper, you will need to cite information from four credible sources to help support your discussion. This assignment will get you started finding the first three.
This week, you will submit an annotated bibliography for three (3) of your sources for the final project paper. Two sources should be scholarly (peer-reviewed) and from the APUS Library. Read the instructions for upcoming assignments so you will have a good idea of sources you might need.
Each source (listed in alphabetical order) should have a complete Works Cited or References entry for the citation style you are using, as well as an annotation, which should be a minimum of five sentences long, with approximately three sentences summarizing what the source is about and two sentences explaining how this source will be of use to you in your final paper.
Annotations that are less than five sentences and fail to summarize what the source is about and explain how it will be of use to you in your final project will be considered under-developed and earn lower scores.
Write in third person only and write your annotations entirely in your own words.
To format your Works Cited or References entries, you may use the library cite button discussed in the week four Lessons. Include the article’s web link (the https address—not just the doi) at the end of your Works Cited entry. Just copy and paste it from your web browser, if it is not already included. Examples are shown in the attached Template (which you will download) and Sample (which is attached to show you an example of what a good submission looks like).
Submit your assignment as a Word document attached to the assignment link so it can be automatically processed through Turnitin. Use the template provided. You can save the template with a title like this: Your Name_Annotated Bib.
Due on Feb 2, 2025 11:55 PM
Attachments
Sample Annotated Bibliography.docx (21.74 KB)
MLA_TEMPLATE_Annotated_Bib.docx (20.51 KB)
APA_TEMPLATE_Annotated_Bib.docx (20.09 KB)
Hide Rubrics
Rubric Name: ENGL110 Annotated Bibliography
Criteria
Exemplary
Accomplished
Developing
Beginning
Did not attempt
Criterion Score
Source Selection
40 points
Student chooses two (2) scholarly sources relevant to topic meeting requirements of assignment. Sources come from scholarly journals in the APUS library.
34 points
Student chooses two (2) sources relevant to topic meeting requirements of assignment. One (1) may not come from a scholarly journal in the APUS library.
30 points
Student chooses one (1) source relevant to topic meeting requirements of assignment. One may not come from a scholarly journal in the APUS library.
26 points
Student chooses sources that may not be relevant to topic meeting requirements of assignment. The sources may not come from scholarly journals in the APUS library.
0 points
Student chooses no sources.
Score of Source Selection,/ 40
Source Summary
20 points
Annotations are clear, concise summaries of source materials, demonstrating student has read and understands sources.
17 points
Annotations are summaries of source materials, but may not include key elements and may not demonstrate student’s understanding of source.
15 points
Annotations provide information about source materials, but may not include key elements, may not be clear, and may not demonstrate student’s understanding of source.
13 points
Annotations do not set forth key elements of sources and may not demonstrate student’s understanding of source.
0 points
No annotation
summaries are included.
Score of Source Summary,/ 20
Source Evaluations
20 points
Annotations explain value of sources to the paper; apply to sources clear criteria, such as objectivity, currency, accuracy, reliability, and relevance; and include any issues of concern.
17 points
Annotations explain value of sources to the paper; apply to sources criteria, which may be clear but may raise questions; and may include any issues of concern.
15 points
Annotations do not fully explain value of sources to the paper; base evaluations on criteria which are unclear and/or inconsistent; and may not include any issues of concern.
13 points
Annotations do not explain value sources to the paper; do not base evaluations on stated criteria; and do not include any issues of concern.
0 points
No annotation evaluations are included.
Score of Source Evaluations,/ 20
Formatting
10 points
No errors in formatting rules for citation style of discipline (margins, spacing, font, headers, page numbering, etc).
8.5 points
Two (2) or fewer errors in formatting rules for citation style of discipline (margins, spacing, font, headers, page numbering, etc).
7.5 points
Four (4) errors in formatting rules for citation style of discipline (margins, spacing, font, headers, page numbering, etc).
6.5 points
Five (5) errors in formatting rules for citation style of discipline (margins, spacing, font, headers, page numbering, etc).
0 points
Evidence of efforts to meet formatting rules for citation style of discipline is not seen.
Score of Formatting,/ 10
Grammar / Mechanics
10 points
Annotated bibliography shows evidence of careful proofreading and has two (2) or fewer mechanical, grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors.
8.5 points
Annotated bibliography shows evidence of some proofreading and has three (3) or more mechanical, grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors.
7.5 points
Annotated bibliography shows evidence of minimal proofreading and has five (5) or more mechanical, grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors
6.5 points
Annotated bibliography shows evidence of minimal proofreading and has seven (7) or more mechanical, grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors.
0 points
Evidence of efforts to proofread and correct mechanical, grammatical, punctuation, or spelling errors is not seen.
Score of Grammar / Mechanics,/ 10
Total
Score of ENGL110 Annotated Bibliography,/ 100
Overall Score
Exemplary
90 points minimum
Accomplished
80 points minimum
Developing
70 points minimum
Beginning
60 points minimum
Did not attempt
0 points minimum
Note: The information in this sample is to help you. Copying and pasting info from this sample into your assignment violates the university’s academic integrity standards and will be flagged as plagiarism.
APUS Student
ENGL110
Professor X
December 5, 2024
Citation Style: APA
Annotated Bibliography
Golden, P. E. (2020). “DoD’s Artificial Intelligence Problem.” The Army Lawyer, (2), 76-85. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Ftrade-journals%2Fdods-artificial-intelligence-problem%2Fdocview%2F2408562843%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289
Some people believe that Artificial Intelligence (AI) will represent humanity’s fourth industrial revolution, and it will drive evolutionary and revolutionary advancement. In 2017 the United States Congress issued a joint resolution called The Fundamentally Understanding the Usability and Realistic Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Act of 2017 (Future Act). This joint resolution focuses on a better understanding of current AI applications, the potential of AI, and its current and how it is expected to impact society. In 2019 the National Defense and Authorization Act tasked the DoD to establish a set of activities within the DoD to coordinate the efforts of the Department to develop, mature and transition AI technologies into operational use. In 2019 a guidepost was released for government, industry, and academia in AI capabilities. It is called the American AI Initiative; five guiding principles are intended to coordinate efforts for AI development. Addressing ethical aspects of AI and ethical transparency in developing and employing AI systems is critical for setting expectations within the DoD.
The information will be used in the final portfolio to discuss the origins of AI, its ethical considerations, sources of funding, AI development and acquisition processes, and workforce reform.
Harari, Yuval Noah. (Sept. 24, 2024). “What Happens When the Bots Compete for Your Love?” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/04/opinion/yuval-harari-ai-democracy.html
Harari is a historian and the author of the book Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks From the Stone Age to AI (2024) from which this essay is adapted. In it, he makes the assertion that the survival of democracy is dependent on reliable information technology, something that is becoming more and more obscured, both in the US and around the world. Today, people are overwhelmed by a glut of information, resulting both in shorter attentions spans and a deluge of toxic information, much of it mis- and disinformation, and more specifically propaganda. Add to this the fact that artificial intelligence is capable of not only producing texts, images and videos, but also conversing with us directly, pretending to be human. Harari argues that these manipulative abilities of AI pose new dangers to our democracy.
This article will be of use to me when writing my final paper since it discusses the dangers and threats posed by AI, both to individuals and collectively to our democracy. Information is power, and understanding how AI works, not just as a tool for humans but as an agent with its own power and volition, will enable us to better prepare for what’s to come in the next phase of the information age.
Liang, W., Tadesse, G. A., Ho, D., Fei-Fei, L., Zaharia, M., Zhang, C., & Zou, J. (2022). “Advances, challenges and opportunities in creating data for trustworthy AI.” Nature Machine Intelligence, 4(8), 669-677. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2928443650/fulltext/C6824ED300DB433BPQ/1?accountid=8289&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
In the last couple of years Artificial Intelligence (AI) has improved greatly and it is only going up. And with the development of AI, AI model building gets easier with automation of machine learning for example. With the increasing ease of model building, creating datasets for AI remains a problem due to the cost of curation and annotation. More attention needs to be placed on developing methods and standards to improve the data for the AI pipeline. Once a dataset is collected, careful selection of a subset of data is used for training so the AI can improve the reliability of the model. Government regulation and data policy will play an important part in promoting, constraining, and shaping data-centric and trustworthy AI.
In the final portfolio, the information will be used to compare model-centric versus data-centric approaches in AI. The portfolio will also cover data design for AI, exploring the process from data design to evaluation. It will discuss the steps involved in handling data after the initial dataset is collected. Finally, the portfolio will examine how data can be leveraged to evaluate and monitor AI models.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Writing an annotated bibliography for your final paper can seem intimidating, but with the right approach, you can tackle it in manageable steps. This guide will help you organize your thoughts, select credible sources, and write effective annotations.

Step 1: Understand the Assignment

Before you begin, make sure you fully understand the assignment requirements:

• Three Sources: You need to find three credible sources for your annotated bibliography, with at least two of them being scholarly sources (peer-reviewed articles or books) from the APUS Library.
• Annotations: Each source must have an annotation that is at least five sentences long. The annotation should:
  • Summarize the source (approximately three sentences).
  • Explain how the source will be useful for your final paper (approximately two sentences).
• Formatting: Double-space your bibliography and follow the citation style (APA, MLA, etc.) as instructed.
• Final Submission: Submit the assignment as a Word document through the assignment link.

Step 2: Research Your Topic

For the annotated bibliography, you’ll need to find three credible sources related to your final paper’s topic. To meet the requirements, at least two of your sources must be from scholarly (peer-reviewed) journals available through the APUS Library.

• Tip: Scholarly articles typically have a formal structure and are written by experts in the field. They are often peer-reviewed, which means other experts in the subject have evaluated the research before publication. Non-scholarly sources (like news articles or websites) are not acceptable.
• Use APUS Library: Go to the library’s database to search for relevant academic sources. Utilize Google Scholar or JSTOR to find peer-reviewed articles.

Step 3: Organize Your Sources

Once you have found your three sources, organize them in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. You will then create the Works Cited or References entries for each source in the required citation style (APA or MLA). Ensure that the full citation includes:

• Author(s) name(s)
• Title of the article/book
• Publisher, journal, or website name
• Date of publication
• URL (for online sources)

Step 4: Write Your Annotations

Each annotation must include the following:

1. Summary: Provide a brief summary (3-4 sentences) of what the source is about.
   • What is the main focus of the source?
   • What are the key findings or arguments presented?
2. Usefulness to Your Paper: In 1-2 sentences, explain why this source is relevant to your final paper and how you will use it.
   • Does it provide essential data, theory, or context for your paper?
   • How will it support your argument or perspective?

Example Annotation:

• Golden, P. E. (2020). “DoD’s Artificial Intelligence Problem.” The Army Lawyer, 76-85. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Ftrade-journals%2Fdods-artificial-intelligence-problem%2Fdocview%2F2408562843%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289

  This article discusses the U.S. Department of Defense’s approach to developing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, focusing on ethical considerations, funding, and policy development. It explains how AI systems are being integrated into defense strategies and outlines the ethical guidelines meant to steer AI development. The source is useful for my final paper as it provides insight into the governance and ethical issues surrounding AI, which will help me discuss the broader societal implications of AI technologies. The detailed account of regulatory efforts will support my analysis of AI’s potential risks and benefits.

Step 5: Review the Criteria for Each Source

While writing your annotations, make sure to follow the evaluation criteria:

• Objectivity: Is the source unbiased, or does it present a particular perspective?
• Currency: Is the information up-to-date and relevant to current trends or practices in the field?
• Accuracy: Does the source provide factual, reliable information? Are the conclusions based on solid evidence?
• Relevance: How relevant is the source to your research question or the overall topic of your final paper?

You can also highlight any issues of concern you may have noticed while reviewing the source (e.g., gaps in the data or potential biases).

Step 6: Finalize Your Annotated Bibliography

After writing your annotations:

• Proofread: Check for any grammar, spelling, or formatting errors.
• Check Formatting: Ensure that your citations are correctly formatted according to the required style (APA or MLA). Double-check spacing, margins, font, and heading formats.
• Submit: Attach your annotated bibliography as a Word document and submit it through the assignment link by the due date.

Step 7: Avoid Common Mistakes

Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

• Incomplete annotations: Make sure each annotation is at least five sentences long and both summarizes the source and explains its usefulness.
• Using non-scholarly sources: Double-check that at least two of your sources are peer-reviewed journal articles from the APUS Library.
• Incorrect citation formatting: Always adhere to the required citation style. Consult citation guides if needed.
• Underdeveloped annotations: Don’t simply copy and paste the abstract from the source. Write the annotations in your own words.

By following these steps, you’ll have a clear structure for writing your annotated bibliography. Stay organized, focus on the relevance of each source, and maintain attention to detail when formatting and proofreading. You’ll be well on your way to completing this task successfully!

Now that you have selected your text and practiced identifying and analyzing rhetorical situations, it is time to complete a rough draft of your Rhetorical Analysis Essay. Review the Module 1 Heads-Up: Rhetorical Analysis Essay page for full instructions.
Your essay should include the following:
An introduction identifying the text and previewing the major points of your analysis
A body with several paragraphs of analysis
A conclusion wrapping up your main ideas and leaving your reader with an overall takeaway
Your essay should be at least 750 words in length (not including title or reference pages) and should follow APA guidelines for formatting student papers (double-spaced, standard font, page numbers, and a title page following the student paper format). You do not need an abstract. On your reference page, provide a link to the text you are analyzing.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your Rhetorical Analysis Essay easily!

Writing a rhetorical analysis essay can seem challenging at first, but by breaking it down into steps, you can approach it with confidence. Here’s a detailed guide to help you structure and write your essay:

Step 1: Understand the Purpose of the Rhetorical Analysis Essay

A rhetorical analysis essay asks you to examine how an author or speaker uses various rhetorical strategies to persuade or inform an audience. Your task is to identify the strategies used, evaluate their effectiveness, and discuss the intended impact on the audience.

Step 2: Choose Your Text

Make sure you’ve selected a text to analyze. This could be a speech, article, advertisement, or any other piece that uses rhetorical strategies to communicate a message. Be sure to:

• Choose a text that provides clear examples of rhetorical strategies like ethos, pathos, and logos.
• Ensure you have access to the full text, and be ready to cite it on your reference page.

Step 3: Review the Rhetorical Situation

Before writing, review the rhetorical situation of your text. This includes:

• Author: Who is the author, and what are their credentials? Why are they credible in discussing this topic?
• Audience: Who is the intended audience for the text? How does the author tailor the message to this group?
• Purpose: What is the author’s goal in creating this text? Are they trying to persuade, inform, entertain, or something else?
• Context: What are the circumstances surrounding the creation of the text? Is it a response to a particular event or issue?
• Message: What is the central message or argument of the text?

Understanding these elements will help you effectively analyze how the author uses rhetorical strategies.

Step 4: Plan the Structure of Your Essay

Your essay will be divided into three main sections: the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Here’s how to approach each:

Introduction

• Identify the text you are analyzing (provide the title, author, and a brief description of the content).
• Preview the major points you will discuss in your analysis. This can include a brief mention of the rhetorical strategies used by the author and how they contribute to the overall message.

Body Paragraphs

• Divide your body into several paragraphs, each focusing on one major rhetorical strategy or one aspect of the rhetorical situation.

For example:

• Ethos (Credibility): Discuss how the author establishes their credibility and authority on the topic.
• Pathos (Emotion): Analyze how the author appeals to the audience’s emotions and whether it’s effective.
• Logos (Logic): Examine how the author uses logical arguments, facts, and reasoning to persuade the audience.
• Style and Tone: Consider the author’s choice of language and tone. How does it impact the message and audience?
• Audience and Purpose: Explore how the text addresses the needs and interests of the intended audience.

Each paragraph should include:

• Topic sentence: A clear statement of what the paragraph will discuss.
• Evidence: Specific examples from the text that demonstrate the rhetorical strategies.
• Analysis: Explain how the examples you provided contribute to the effectiveness of the overall argument or message.

Conclusion

• Summarize your main points from the body paragraphs.
• Provide an overall takeaway: How effective was the author in using rhetorical strategies to achieve their goal? Consider the impact of the text on the intended audience.

Step 5: Write the Essay

Now that you have a clear structure, start writing your essay. Ensure that each section flows logically from one to the next. For each rhetorical strategy, provide concrete examples from the text and explain how they work.

Step 6: Format Your Essay

Follow the APA guidelines for formatting your paper:

• Title Page: Include the title of your essay, your name, course name, instructor’s name, and the date.
• Font: Use a standard font like Times New Roman, size 12.
• Spacing: Your paper should be double-spaced throughout, with no extra spaces between paragraphs.
• Page Numbers: Include page numbers in the header of your paper.
• References: List your sources in APA format on the reference page. Include a link to the text you are analyzing.

Step 7: Edit and Revise

Once you’ve written your essay, take time to revise. Here’s what to look for:

• Clarity: Are your ideas presented clearly? Have you explained how the rhetorical strategies work in the text?
• Flow: Does each paragraph transition smoothly to the next?
• Grammar and Spelling: Proofread for any grammatical or spelling errors.
• Word Count: Ensure your essay is at least 750 words (not including the title or reference page).

Step 8: Submit Your Essay

Once you’re satisfied with your revisions, finalize your paper and submit it according to your course’s guidelines. Double-check that you’ve met all requirements, such as word count, APA formatting, and providing a link to the text.

STEP 1:Draft a one-page OUTLINE for your Cause-Effect Analysis essay. Use brainstorming and questioning methods to narrow your topic and discover a path for developing it. State the following rhetorical features of your proposed paper: 1. Title (3 to 6 words) 2. Working thesis (overall claim) 3. Will you focus on causes or effects? 4. Outline of main points (rough structure) 5. Conclusion (should echo thesis) I will attach an example for you to follow. STEP 2: Write an essay (4 to 5 pages) that explores the cause(s) and effect(s) of one of the following topics: Climate change The Covid-19 pandemic Tropical storms or hurricanes Food deserts Social media addiction Obesity Gun violence Cell phone innovation Cruelty to animals You will first submit a one-page OUTLINE stating your purpose, audience, working thesis, and rough outline of main points. Be sure to complete the following steps as you develop your essay: Brainstorm to discover and define your purpose, scope, and audience Use your thesis to guide the organization of main points Edit your paragraphs for logical sequence, transitions, and smooth flow Edit your sentences for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and coherence Format your paper according to MLA guidelines A basic cause and effect essay structure would look like this: Introduction: Describe the event or situation your essay will explore. Include your thesis statement, which may focus on what you think is the main cause or effect of the event or situation. Body Paragraphs (Causes): Start with what you feel is the main cause of the event, providing evidence to back up your argument. Then, follow with describing secondary causes. Body Paragraphs (Effects): Just as with the causes, here you’ll start with the biggest or most important effect of the situation. Again, provide evidence to back up your argument. Subsequent paragraphs can then discuss other effects worth noting. Conclusion: Reiterate your thesis statement and summarize the main points of your essay, showing how they support your thesis. Alternatively, you may choose to discuss the effects before you talk about the causes. It depends on the argument you’re trying to make or where you’d like to place greater emphasis. If you want to focus more on the causes, that section can be larger than the section on effects, for example. Either approach is acceptable, as long as your essay flows naturally.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

For your Cause-Effect Analysis essay, here’s how you can structure the brainstorming and planning process based on the steps provided:

1. Title (3 to 6 words):

“Impact of Social Media Addiction”

2. Working Thesis (Overall Claim):

Social media addiction has far-reaching effects on mental health, relationships, and productivity, with the causes stemming from the design of platforms, societal pressures, and user behavior.

3. Focus on Causes or Effects?

I will focus on both causes and effects, but I’ll place more emphasis on the effects of social media addiction, particularly on mental health and relationships. The causes will lay the groundwork for the understanding of how addiction develops.

4. Outline of Main Points (Rough Structure):

Introduction

• Brief introduction to social media addiction as a growing concern.
• Thesis statement: Social media addiction has far-reaching effects on mental health, relationships, and productivity, with the causes stemming from the design of platforms, societal pressures, and user behavior.

Body Paragraphs (Causes)

1. Design of Platforms
   • Algorithms that encourage prolonged usage.
   • Notifications and infinite scrolling that hook users.
2. Societal Pressure and Influence
   • The desire for social validation (likes, comments).
   • Peer pressure to stay updated with trends and memes.
3. Behavioral Patterns
   • The psychology of instant gratification.
   • Escapism and the comfort of social media during times of stress or loneliness.

Body Paragraphs (Effects)

1. Mental Health Issues
   • Increased anxiety and depression rates among users.
   • Impact on self-esteem due to comparisons with others.
2. Relationship Strain
   • Effects on real-world social interactions and connections.
   • Social media’s role in causing conflicts or misunderstandings between friends and partners.
3. Decreased Productivity
   • Time wasted on social media, leading to procrastination.
   • Negative effects on work, school, and personal goals.

Conclusion

• Restate thesis: Social media addiction, driven by platform design, societal pressures, and behavioral patterns, has serious effects on mental health, relationships, and productivity.
• Summarize key points: Discuss how these causes and effects are interconnected.
• Call to action or closing thought: Suggest the importance of awareness and strategies for mitigating social media addiction.

5. Conclusion (Should Echo Thesis):

In conclusion, social media addiction has profound effects on users’ mental health, relationships, and productivity. These consequences are rooted in the design features of social media platforms, the societal pressures that encourage constant engagement, and the behavioral patterns that drive users to spend more time online. As society becomes increasingly dependent on social media, it is crucial to address both the causes and effects of addiction to mitigate its harmful consequences.

With this outline, you’re ready to begin drafting your essay. Remember to use evidence, examples, and quotes to support your claims in each section. When you’re ready to write, you can structure your essay logically, following the format that makes the most sense for your argument (e.g., causes first or effects first).

This should give you a clear path to develop a well-organized, persuasive essay!