Category: Economics

Research Topic and Instructions
This research assignment requires analysis of economic data and policies in a manner that displays advanced understating of the topics and models/theories presented in the Macroeconomics course. The assignment has two major parts. Each part contains multiple components. Please address both parts and each of the specified components in sufficient detail in one comprehensive research paper. You must correctly use most of the relevant key concepts and models/theories learned in the course.

Part I: Descriiption of the State of the U.S. Economy
Describe the state of the U.S. Economy for the years between 2015 and now in terms of macroeconomic measures discussed in the course (GDP, unemployment, and inflation rates). Select ONE of these macroeconomic measures to write about. Use data from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), http://www.recovery.govLinks to an external site., and other government agencies and departments, such as Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics), Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis), etc. and present the data in charts, graphs, or tables.
As you will notice from your data analysis, the economy passes through different phases and turns. Discuss the implications of a given state (for example, recession) in terms households, businesses, and the entire society as a whole. Share your thoughts as to why it is important for you to understand the different states through which the economy passes. Share personal examples and experiences. While Covid-19 has been a major disruptor of the economy, it should not form the major basis for your paper, so many other things have taken place since 2012.
Part II: Analysis of Economic Policies
In your analysis of the macroeconomic data, you will notice that the U.S. economy passed through a major recession. Based on research, discuss the underlying causes of the recession. Identify monetary and fiscal policies implemented by the Federal Reserve and the government to deal with the recession.
Evaluate the expected and actual effects of each policy. Your response needs to include the name of the policy, descriiption of the policy, the year it is implemented, and discussion of expected and actual outcomes in terms of the GDP, unemployment and inflation rates.
After close observation of the different perspectives discussed in the course, share your position on the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies to deal with recession or inflation.
As part of the economy, each of us will be affected by the state of the economy and the actions policy makers take to stabilize or advance it. Conclude by sharing why understanding these actions and outcomes matter to you as an individual who is part of the economic system. How do they affect the society/economy? What could be done differently? Share personal examples and experiences

General Guidelines
The paper must be 1000 – 1500 words long, typewritten, double-spaced, with 1” margins and 12pt. Times New Roman font. The paper must be written in essay format, using standard written English with a clear introduction and conclusion. Organize your paper with the following subheadings:
Introduction
Descriiption of the State of the U.S. Economy
Analysis of Economic Policies
Personal Reflections and
Conclusion
You must use at least four credible sources coming from academic journal articles (you will need to visit the library to know what a journal article looks like and where it can be retrieved – most journal articles come from databases e.g.: EBSCO host or Academic Search Premier etc.) to support your ideas (avoid sites such as Wikipedia, Investopedia, Ehow, yahoo answers, etc. – I do not expect websites in your work cited list). You can contact a librarian or me if you are not sure about the credibility a source)
You must use APA-formatted in-text citations (It is important that you identify all items directly copied or paraphrased from other sources by including the source each time you cite or paraphrased other people’s work. Read TCCD’s policy on plagiarism)
You must include an APA-formatted reference page. Below is an example of how you can cite your sources in the work cited list in APA format: – this how you will list in the reference page or work cited list:
Dommer, S. L., Swaminathan, V., & Ahluwalia, R. (2013). Using differentiated brands to deflect
Exclusion and protect inclusion: the moderating role of self-esteem on attachment to
Differentiated brands. Journal of Consumer Research, 40. Doi: 10.1086/671763.

minimum of one page each for each question. You will find the details of the questions in the document uploaded.

Hello, can you help me revise my article based on the following suggestions (suggestions given to me by my professor)? And the most important thing is that the final essay is only four pages. (Includes References)
(There is a PDF attachment with the task requirements at that time. It is convenient for you to understand the situation.)
My professor’s exact words: “The first part of your current article talks about different price discrimination situations, but your positive analysis only talks about price discrimination between countries. And you didn’t mention patented drugs in the first part. , your first figure is explaining patent medicines, but I feel that the two parts are not connected. You either explain everything mentioned in the first paragraph; or you narrow your scope and only mention the events you want to explain. Another one , the focus of this assignment is actually the last two parts, especially the last part, where you propose a change strategy yourself. A lot of your space now is in the first part. You can put the last part, the international agrreement& subsidy you mentioned The role of writing.”

hello, pls read the pdf 1.This is further— 2. case study proposal 3. and the last one.
If you have any questions feel free to message me. Thanks.

Section A: Introduction and Guidelines
For this assignment, select a company and create a 1-2 page essay-style paper comprising an introduction, body, and conclusion. The paper should adhere to the following formatting criteria: double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, cover sheet, reference page, and a professional appearance. Utilize an academic format such as APA (American Psychological Association) or the format subscribed to by your university. Submission dates are fixed as per the schedule and must be strictly adhered to.
The primary focus of the paper should be on the analytical assessment of the chosen company based on the provided questions. Strive for a balance between description and analysis, ensuring all questions are comprehensively addressed. The intention of this project is to engage in a hands-on strategic analysis, simulating the scenario of presenting your analysis to the CEO of the company. Submit the paper online by 11:59 pm on the deadline day, in either MS Word or PDF format.
Section B: Recommended Sources of Information
The following sources are recommended for gathering information:
SEC’s Edgar Database: Access the Securities Exchange Commission’s (SEC) database of public company filings, particularly the 10-K reports that encompass valuable information akin to annual reports. Website: http://www.sec.gov/edgarhp.htm
Links to an external site.
Yahoo! Finance Company and Fund Index: Explore company profiles, financial data, and resource links available on this platform. Begin with the “Profile” link. Other portals like MSN Money offer similar resources. Website: http://biz.yahoo.com/i/
Links to an external site. Alternative: http://moneycentral.msn.com/home.asp
Links to an external site.
Mergent Online: A platform that offers company-level financial information for your analysis.
REVISIONS
(Include a revised version of milestone paper for this section if there are any)
Section C: Questions
Identify the Company: Clearly state the company’s name and location.
Primary Industry Identification: Identify the company’s primary industry, including its Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and its North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code.
Sources:
OSHA’s SIC Codes Search: http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/sicser.html
U.S. Census Bureau NAICS Information: http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html
Links to an external site.
Customer Description: Describe the company’s customer base, encompassing households, businesses, schools, governments, etc. Analyze the extent to which the company relies on international customers.
Sources:
Company’s Website and Annual Reports (10Ks)
Demand Determinants: Analyze the major determinants driving demand for the company’s primary product. Explain your chosen variables. If applicable, discuss how these determinants vary across different customer segments. Propose observable variables the company might employ to track changes in these demand determinants.
Sources:
Company’s Website and Annual Reports
Relevant Trade Organizations: http://www.yahoo.com/business_and_economy/organizations/trade_associations/
Links to an external site.
Price Elasticity Analysis: Assess the factors affecting price elasticity, which include the number of substitutes, market definition, necessity/luxury status, and adjustment period. Based on this evaluation, ascertain whether the company faces elastic or inelastic demand concerning its primary product.
NEW QUESTIONS
Market Structure and Pricing Power Analysis: Provide an analysis of the market structure within which your firm operates. Consider the following aspects to formulate your answer: (1) the number of competitors, (2) product similarity, (3) barriers to entry, and (4) market shares. Clarify the geographic scope of the market, categorizing it as local, national, or international. Assess the degree of pricing power that the firm possesses.
Sources of Information:
Factiva, Mergent databases
Company’s Annual Report
Concentration Ratios from the 1997 Economic Census: http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/concentration.htmlLinks to an external site.
Sales and Profit Growth Calculation and Performance Comparison: Calculate the sales and profit growth rates for your company over (1) the past year and (2) the past three years. Perform the same calculations for your company’s industry rivals (firms sharing the same industry classification). Compare your firm’s growth rates with those of its rivals. Summarize your company’s performance in relation to its competitors.
Sources of Information:
Mergent Online
Annual Reports
D. A note on documentation
You should document print and online information sources. No one formatting style for online sources is universally accepted but you can use the following examples as guidelines.
Examples:
Author. (Year). Title, Type of medium

Section A: Introduction and Guidelines
For this assignment, select a company and create a 1-2 page essay-style paper comprising an introduction, body, and conclusion. The paper should adhere to the following formatting criteria: double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, cover sheet, reference page, and a professional appearance. Utilize an academic format such as APA (American Psychological Association) or the format subscribed to by your university. Submission dates are fixed as per the schedule and must be strictly adhered to.
The primary focus of the paper should be on the analytical assessment of the chosen company based on the provided questions. Strive for a balance between description and analysis, ensuring all questions are comprehensively addressed. The intention of this project is to engage in a hands-on strategic analysis, simulating the scenario of presenting your analysis to the CEO of the company. Submit the paper online by 11:59 pm on the deadline day, in either MS Word or PDF format.
Section B: Recommended Sources of Information
The following sources are recommended for gathering information:
SEC’s Edgar Database: Access the Securities Exchange Commission’s (SEC) database of public company filings, particularly the 10-K reports that encompass valuable information akin to annual reports. Website: http://www.sec.gov/edgarhp.htm
Links to an external site.
Yahoo! Finance Company and Fund Index: Explore company profiles, financial data, and resource links available on this platform. Begin with the “Profile” link. Other portals like MSN Money offer similar resources. Website: http://biz.yahoo.com/i/
Links to an external site. Alternative: http://moneycentral.msn.com/home.asp
Links to an external site.
Mergent Online: A platform that offers company-level financial information for your analysis.
REVISIONS
(Include a revised version of milestone paper for this section if there are any)
Section C: Questions
Identify the Company: Clearly state the company’s name and location.
Primary Industry Identification: Identify the company’s primary industry, including its Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and its North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code.
Sources:
OSHA’s SIC Codes Search: http://www.osha.gov/oshstats/sicser.html
U.S. Census Bureau NAICS Information: http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html
Links to an external site.
Customer Description: Describe the company’s customer base, encompassing households, businesses, schools, governments, etc. Analyze the extent to which the company relies on international customers.
Sources:
Company’s Website and Annual Reports (10Ks)
Demand Determinants: Analyze the major determinants driving demand for the company’s primary product. Explain your chosen variables. If applicable, discuss how these determinants vary across different customer segments. Propose observable variables the company might employ to track changes in these demand determinants.
Sources:
Company’s Website and Annual Reports
Relevant Trade Organizations: http://www.yahoo.com/business_and_economy/organizations/trade_associations/
Links to an external site.
Price Elasticity Analysis: Assess the factors affecting price elasticity, which include the number of substitutes, market definition, necessity/luxury status, and adjustment period. Based on this evaluation, ascertain whether the company faces elastic or inelastic demand concerning its primary product.
NEW QUESTIONS
Market Structure and Pricing Power Analysis: Provide an analysis of the market structure within which your firm operates. Consider the following aspects to formulate your answer: (1) the number of competitors, (2) product similarity, (3) barriers to entry, and (4) market shares. Clarify the geographic scope of the market, categorizing it as local, national, or international. Assess the degree of pricing power that the firm possesses.
Sources of Information:
Factiva, Mergent databases
Company’s Annual Report
Concentration Ratios from the 1997 Economic Census: http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/concentration.htmlLinks to an external site.
Sales and Profit Growth Calculation and Performance Comparison: Calculate the sales and profit growth rates for your company over (1) the past year and (2) the past three years. Perform the same calculations for your company’s industry rivals (firms sharing the same industry classification). Compare your firm’s growth rates with those of its rivals. Summarize your company’s performance in relation to its competitors.
Sources of Information:
Mergent Online
Annual Reports
D. A note on documentation
You should document print and online information sources. No one formatting style for online sources is universally accepted but you can use the following examples as guidelines.
Examples:
Author. (Year). Title, Type of medium

Students will find a current (within the last 3 months) controversial issue in American national politics or California politics. The paper will describe the issue, discuss both/all sides of the issues, and provide the student’s position on the issue. The paper should be written as an unbiased report, think of me as an elected official and I need to come up with a position on the issue. I assign you to research and develop a position on the issue. You will want to make sure that I know the opposing sides’ best arguments so I can defend the position taken in the paper. Three outside sources are required for this assignment, course materials, encyclopedias and dictionaries do not count as sources.
Topics that are excluded for this course: Gun control, Abortion, Climate Change, Homelessness, and the War in Israel. Crimes even those dealing with the former President or the current President and his family, natural disasters, and discrimination are not good topics for this assignment.
Each paper MUST be a minimum of 1500 words and should not exceed 2500 words. All papers must be written in paragraph format, typed double spaced, with one inch margins, a 12 cpi times new roman font, using in-text citations, including page numbers, and a references page. Direct quotes should be kept to a minimum, on average a sentence or two or about four lines per page.
Paper Format and Expectations:
Section 1. The paper will thoroughly describe a contemporary controversial issue in American or California politics. The paper will describe the facts related to the issue along with why the issue is important. Topic selection is very important for this paper make sure that you pick a topic that you can make arguments on both sides and is current within the last 3 months. This section should be roughly 1 page in length.
Section 2. The paper will discuss both/all sides of the issue and describe the controversy surrounding the issue. The paper will utilize sources related to the issue in order to describe and discuss the controversial issue. State what both sides determine is the issue and the best arguments as to why that side is the correct outcome for the controversy. It is important to use the best arguments of both sides, do not leave out arguments that hurt the policy outcome you prefer. This section should be roughly 3 pages in length.
Section 3. Students must provide an opinion (pick a side) on the issue that is related to the arguments provided in the paper. Students should write this section as an argumentative paper arguing for your position. You must pick a side and defend that side, essentially arguing for your opinion. This section should be roughly 2 pages in length. Students should avoid personal experience or observation in the opinion section instead rely upon the arguments (sides) presented in the paper.
Sources:
Three sources are required for the papers. Sources should only be from the period covered by the paper. The best source for this type of paper is news and magazine articles. Here is a partial list of online sources from reputable news outlets: (Remember dictionaries or encyclopedia’s like Wikipedia do not count as a source)
ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN, MSNBC, FOXN
NY Times, LA Times, Vox, Reuters, The Hill (Government)
Time, The Economist, Newsweek, U.S. News and world report
Citation and references:
Students should use in text citation and a legitimate and consistent format.

Recall that a spectroscope spreads out light into its component colors, or WAVELENGTHS. A laser pointer emits light at just one wavelength. A light bulb emits a mix of countless wavelengths. A spectroscope spreads them out so you can see the colors, or wavelengths, separately.
Let the light from the source shine in through the vertical slit in the spectroscope. Concentrate on seeing the light come through the vertical slit first, then move your eyes to the left or right to see the colorful spectrum. It takes some practice to produce a nice rainbow, or spectrum. For example, the Sun delivers way more light than you need, but the Moon’s spectrum is tough to see because the Moon is much fainter than the Sun and only a narrow slit allows the light through. You will be able to see rainbows on the left and right, and even on top of the wavelength scale, depending on how you hold the spectroscope.
Sources with a small angular size in your field of view (like a pen light, candle flame, the Sun,) produce the best spectra. Big sources like a TV screen or your roof on fire will be difficult: There will be fat, overlapping spectra.
Try observing the Sun, an incandescent light bulb, an LED light, a fluorescent light, a candle flame, gas flame from stove or propane torch, streetlight, red light from electric stove coil. When you observe the Sun, do not put the slit directly on the Sun. It is too bright. Protect your eyes by putting the slit near the Sun, but not directly on it. Keep the Sun just out of the slit. You will still get plenty of light and a bright spectrum. Pay attention to the dark absorption lines you see against the Sun’s spectrum (rainbow). Draw them in on your diagram.
Draw me a picture of your observations of six light sources. Make it look like a long bar, with sections showing the different colors. One bar for each spectrum/light source observed. Use colored pencils. Label the parts of the spectrum indicating colors and brightnesses. Send me a photo or scan of your picture.
Make comments on what you’ve seen. You will need them for your report in the next project. For example, “I was surprised how little yellow light I saw in the spectrum of a candle flame. There definitely wasn’t much blue, but there was a lot of RED.”
I expect you to draw me at least SIX SPECTRA (rainbows). Be a careful observer and recorder. Don’t just make a kindergarten mess with your crayons. I know what these spectra are supposed to look like, so pay attention. This is easy points if you follow instructions the first time. Many of your predecessors did not and brought great pain upon themselves.

Recall that a spectroscope spreads out light into its component colors, or WAVELENGTHS. A laser pointer emits light at just one wavelength. A light bulb emits a mix of countless wavelengths. A spectroscope spreads them out so you can see the colors, or wavelengths, separately.
Let the light from the source shine in through the vertical slit in the spectroscope. Concentrate on seeing the light come through the vertical slit first, then move your eyes to the left or right to see the colorful spectrum. It takes some practice to produce a nice rainbow, or spectrum. For example, the Sun delivers way more light than you need, but the Moon’s spectrum is tough to see because the Moon is much fainter than the Sun and only a narrow slit allows the light through. You will be able to see rainbows on the left and right, and even on top of the wavelength scale, depending on how you hold the spectroscope.
Sources with a small angular size in your field of view (like a pen light, candle flame, the Sun,) produce the best spectra. Big sources like a TV screen or your roof on fire will be difficult: There will be fat, overlapping spectra.
Try observing the Sun, an incandescent light bulb, an LED light, a fluorescent light, a candle flame, gas flame from stove or propane torch, streetlight, red light from electric stove coil. When you observe the Sun, do not put the slit directly on the Sun. It is too bright. Protect your eyes by putting the slit near the Sun, but not directly on it. Keep the Sun just out of the slit. You will still get plenty of light and a bright spectrum. Pay attention to the dark absorption lines you see against the Sun’s spectrum (rainbow). Draw them in on your diagram.
Draw me a picture of your observations of six light sources. Make it look like a long bar, with sections showing the different colors. One bar for each spectrum/light source observed. Use colored pencils. Label the parts of the spectrum indicating colors and brightnesses. Send me a photo or scan of your picture.
Make comments on what you’ve seen. You will need them for your report in the next project. For example, “I was surprised how little yellow light I saw in the spectrum of a candle flame. There definitely wasn’t much blue, but there was a lot of RED.”
I expect you to draw me at least SIX SPECTRA (rainbows). Be a careful observer and recorder. Don’t just make a kindergarten mess with your crayons. I know what these spectra are supposed to look like, so pay attention. This is easy points if you follow instructions the first time. Many of your predecessors did not and brought great pain upon themselves.

Recall that a spectroscope spreads out light into its component colors, or WAVELENGTHS. A laser pointer emits light at just one wavelength. A light bulb emits a mix of countless wavelengths. A spectroscope spreads them out so you can see the colors, or wavelengths, separately.
Let the light from the source shine in through the vertical slit in the spectroscope. Concentrate on seeing the light come through the vertical slit first, then move your eyes to the left or right to see the colorful spectrum. It takes some practice to produce a nice rainbow, or spectrum. For example, the Sun delivers way more light than you need, but the Moon’s spectrum is tough to see because the Moon is much fainter than the Sun and only a narrow slit allows the light through. You will be able to see rainbows on the left and right, and even on top of the wavelength scale, depending on how you hold the spectroscope.
Sources with a small angular size in your field of view (like a pen light, candle flame, the Sun,) produce the best spectra. Big sources like a TV screen or your roof on fire will be difficult: There will be fat, overlapping spectra.
Try observing the Sun, an incandescent light bulb, an LED light, a fluorescent light, a candle flame, gas flame from stove or propane torch, streetlight, red light from electric stove coil. When you observe the Sun, do not put the slit directly on the Sun. It is too bright. Protect your eyes by putting the slit near the Sun, but not directly on it. Keep the Sun just out of the slit. You will still get plenty of light and a bright spectrum. Pay attention to the dark absorption lines you see against the Sun’s spectrum (rainbow). Draw them in on your diagram.
Draw me a picture of your observations of six light sources. Make it look like a long bar, with sections showing the different colors. One bar for each spectrum/light source observed. Use colored pencils. Label the parts of the spectrum indicating colors and brightnesses. Send me a photo or scan of your picture.
Make comments on what you’ve seen. You will need them for your report in the next project. For example, “I was surprised how little yellow light I saw in the spectrum of a candle flame. There definitely wasn’t much blue, but there was a lot of RED.”
I expect you to draw me at least SIX SPECTRA (rainbows). Be a careful observer and recorder. Don’t just make a kindergarten mess with your crayons. I know what these spectra are supposed to look like, so pay attention. This is easy points if you follow instructions the first time. Many of your predecessors did not and brought great pain upon themselves.