Category: Economics

Please follow all directions and be sure to do the discussions correctly! Thank you so much! Please submit each discussion with a separate file!
M13: No readings, just use M13 lecture
M14: Chapter 18, “The Markets for the Factors of Production” 18-3b
M15: Chapter 3, “Interdependence and the Gains from Trade” 3-3b, Chapter 9, “Application: International Trade” Full chapter
Here is the link to the book:
https://zalamsyah.staff.unja.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/286/2020/10/Principles-of-Microeconomics-8th-Ed.-GREGORY-MANKIW-1.pdf

TASK 1- decide on a PUBLICALLY LISTED company(Option2.1) or choose MACROECONOMIC data (option 2.2) .
to analyse stock price of a pubklically listed company – eg Apple, Tesla etc (dont choose these common companies and end up having high plagirism with others. There 55214 publically listed companies in the world. All variables must cover calendar year 2023 at daily frequency (at least 200 observations). You can download the data for Option 1 using Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance, or any other financial database of your choice. As you will be online for the coming weeks the easiest way is to download the data from yahoo finance.
TASK 2- Constructing the dataset (I will describe this in detail in the week 7 online lecture class)
For your assignment analysis, you must construct a dataset including a continuous dependent variable (?),two continuous independent variables (?1 and ?2 ), and a dummy independent variable (?3 ). You choose any of the options below
Option 2.1: Time Series
To perform a time series analysis using Yahoo Finance and Excel with the specified variables, follow these steps:
2.1.1 Download Daily Stock Returns of your selected company (Y)
check this link for video – https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for your chosen company.
Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
Download daily stock price in csv excel
2.1.2 Download Daily Index Return (X1)
check this link for video – https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for a relevant stock market benchmark (e.g., S&P 500)
Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
download daily index in csv excel and calculate returns means – apply simple or log returns to the index (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
2.1.3 Download Daily Commodity/Currency Returns: (X2)
check this link for video- https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for a relevant currency or commodity (e.g., USD, oil)
Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
download daily currency / commodity in csv excel and calculate returns means returns- apply simple or log returns to the index (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
2.1.4 Create dummy variable: (X3)
Open a spreadsheet in excel
copy the downloaded data (Y, X1, X2)ONLY date and CLOSING PRICES needed into the spreadsheet.
calculate returns of Y, X1, X2 means – apply simple or log returns Yt,X1t and X2t in the format of (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
create a new column for the dummy variable.
Define the criteria for the dummy variable (e.g., positive or negative returns).
Use a formula or coding to assign 1 or 0 to the dummy variable based on the defined criteria.
you are yet to complete the last 2 steps in the weeks lectures so leave that for the time being
Option 2.2: Cross Section Data
check this link for video -How to download data from the World Bank Website(Easy & Quick) (youtube.com)
2.2.1 Download Dependent Variable (?):
Real GDP per capita growth (constant USD) in 2022.
2.2.2 Download Independent Variables:
?1: Log of GDP per capita (constant USD) in 2021.
?2: Macroeconomic indicator (e.g., inflation, unemployment, gross capital formation) in 2022.
?3: Dummy variable based on relevant geographic, development
Steps
Visit World Bank, IMF, or Other Economic Database: Go to the official websites of the World Bank (worldbank.org), IMF (imf.org), or another reputable economic database.
eg: https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx ; https://data.imf.org/?sk＝388dfa60-1d26-4ade-b505-a05a558d9a42
Locate the Databases or Data Repositories: Explore the sections of the websites that provide access to economic indicators and datasets.
Select the Variables: Look for the specific variables needed for your analysis (Real GDP per capita growth, Log of GDP per capita, Macroeconomic indicator for 2022, and relevant dummy variable).
Download Data: Use the data download tools provided on the websites to select the variables and download the dataset.
TASK 3- Section A: Ordinary Least Squares (500 words, 15 marks)
LINEST – https://youtu.be/ghxARow323E?si＝lgaNPl5n37vMXB0B
data analysis tool pack- Excel Regression Analysis through the Toolpak (youtube.com)
Excel Walkthrough 4 – Reading Regression Output (youtube.com)
Briefly discuss the dataset you have constructed and present relevant desсrіptive statistics (3 marks).
Provide a concise overview of the dataset, including the variables used in the regression analysis. Mention the source of the data and any preprocessing steps taken. Discuss the size of the dataset, the number of observations, and the countries included.
Present relevant desсrіptive statistics for each variable, such as mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and any other statistics that help describe the central tendency and variability of the data.
Estimate the regression equation ? ＝ ?0 + ?1?1 + ?2?2 + ?3?3 + ? via ordinary least squares (2 marks).
Present the estimated regression equation: ? ＝ ?0 + ?1?1 + ?2?2 + ?3?3
Interpret all regression coefficients (including the constant) and assess their statistical significance using a T-test (4 marks).
Explain the role of each coefficient (?)
Interpret the regression coefficients ?0, ?1, ?2, ?3 in the context of the specific variables they represent.
Discuss the expected impact of a one-unit change in each independent variable on the dependent variable.
Discuss the explanatory power of the model using the R-squared and the F-test (2 marks).
Statistical Significance using T-test: Perform T-tests for each coefficient to assess their statistical significance. Discuss whether each coefficient is significantly different from zero.
Explanatory Power of the Model: Discuss the R-squared value to assess the proportion of variance explained by the model. Interpret the F-test to evaluate the overall significance of the regression equation.
Briefly explain the implications of documented relationships or lack thereof for theory and practice in context of relevant academic sources (4 marks)
Based on the regression results, discuss the implications for theory and practice. Relate the findings to existing academic sources or economic theories.
Highlight any relationships that are statistically significant and consider the practical implications of these relationships or the lack thereof.
Ensure that each section is presented clearly and concisely, providing enough detail to convey the key insights from the regression analysis and its implications

Hello. I have attached my economics assignment. It is a very simple and minimal assignment that requires typing on the document itself. I will also send you the PowerPoints that may include some info you need for the assignment. Make sure to not make it complex as this is a basic class.

Location: North Attleboro waste dump corner of Mt. Hope Street and Landry Ave 41′ 59’09.19″N 71’18’54.72’W
http://www.nattleboro.com/recycling-center
Determine the number of solar panels you could install and the potential power output
Panel Specifications
Panels: Solarworld 320W
DC output needs to be derated. Use the following site http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/calculators/pvwatts/version1/derate.cgi
Take into account the following
SRECs for Massachusetts
Subsidies
5 year MACRS
Please prepare a spreadsheet for your solar project assuming 1MWdc operation. Assume 20 year life, 5 year MACRS depreciation schedule, $100 RECs, electricity sales of $0.05/KWh, 3% inflation, 0.5% annual loss in solar panel efficiency, annual operating costs of $50,000, and annual lease payments of $6,000 per acre
Set up a cash flow spreadsheet using the following parameters. Capital costs $2500/KW. 10% discount rate, 20 year life, capacity factor of 30% and O&M costs of $30/KW. No fuel costs and ignore taxes. Calculate what you will need to sell electricity for to obtain a zero NPV. What does a zero NPV mean and what happens at this point? How does this relate the levelized cost of energy?

The presented thesis can be considered a relatively average bachelor’s thesis that deals with consumer behavior. Unfortunately, the bachelor’s thesis does not bring any breakthrough outputs and contains a number of shortcomings,
especially in the area of data processing and their evaluation, and partly also in the area of the use of citation standards. In the theoretical part of the work (especially literary research), one can find entire paragraphs without proper citation, or the use of the citation standard is inappropriately used (especially with the text in bullet points). The
results of the work are somewhat contradictory. The author established a large number of hypotheses, and although he carried out some statistical processing of the data, their quality and especially the evaluation is very limited. At the same time, I draw attention to the fact that the representativeness of the sample has not been verified, which according to the supplied information is already distorted at first glance. The conclusions of the work are quite simplistic and have no application or theoretical‐methodical added value. However, despite these shortcomings, the thesis probably meets the minimum requirements for a final thesis of a similar level, and therefore I suggest it be
graded well.
Questions for thesis defence:
How can the representativeness of the sample be verified?
What is the difference between e‐commerce in Vietnam and the Czech Republic? Name at least 3 significant differences.
Help me answer these questions in the most convincing way. And it seems that this thesis has a major problem with the representation of the sample. I think it may be because the topic focuses on users mainly on the Shopee platform, but the research sample includes users on other platforms. Moreover, according to the opponent′s comments, it also has limitations in the essay. So give me the answers and explanations so I can succeed in defending my thesis

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Introduction
This group project is designed to provide you with hands-on strategic analysis experience. If the CEO of your company assigned you a project to analyze a strategic situation, what would you deliver? You have learned a number of forecasting techniques throughout this course. Review Table 10.2: A Guide to Selecting an Appropriate Forecasting Method in your textbook, which contains guidelines for model selection. It might be useful to consider the nine steps in forecast implementation as well as the forecasting techniques for your group project. Refer to this video to understand the requirements and my expectations for your group project:
Video: A Guide to Your Final Project
Select Play to learn more. You can also refer to the given video transcript Download video transcript.

SAMPLE PROJECTS
When using one of the exponential methods, you will need to choose smoothing parameters such as alpha, beta, and gamma. Start by assigning a random number to each parameter between 0 and 1, then forecast your sales and calculate your RMSE or any other measure you choose to evaluate the performance. Next, use Excel Solver to find the optimal alpha, beta, and gamma values that minimize RMSE.
To learn how to do this, please watch the following videos on Netflix’s Holt’s Method or Amazon’s Winter’s Method below.
Netflix Revenue Holts MethodLinks to an external site.
Amazon Revenue Winter’s MethodLinks to an external site.
Netflix sales provide a great example of a dataset with a trend but no seasonal variations. I used Holt’s Exponential Smoothing and Quadratic Trend model to forecast the sales. Amazon sales both trend and vary seasonally. I used Winter’s Exponential Smoothing and Multiple Regression with dummies to forecast the sales.
Netflix Revenue Quadratic Trend ModelLinks to an external site.
Amazon Revenue Multiple Linear Regression with DummiesLinks to an external site.
You can find the Excel files below:
Netflix RevenueDownload Netflix Revenue
Amazon RevenueDownload Amazon Revenue
Instructions
In Week 2, your instructor divided the class into pairs. By the end of Week 3, your group selected the company to investigate. By the end of Week 4, the company selection was finalized. In Weeks 5 and 6, you should have analyzed the data and performed the required forecasts.
This week, your group will forecast monthly or quarterly sales (in units or dollars) for your chosen company. As a group, you will write a paper about your findings.
Paper Requirements
Prepare a two-year (8 quarter or 24 month) forecast of the series. As a group, you must use two separate methods. One student will use an appropriate extrapolation method, which is usually an exponential smoothing method. The other student will use a causal regression model. You will present your results in a paper that should be analytically accurate and should clearly communicate your process to your manager.
The paper should be 8–10 pages in length, including tables and figures, and must include only these sections:
Title Page: Include company name, your name, and an appropriate “Table of Contents” (listing page numbers for the following sections).
Section 1 – Introduction: Why did you select this topic? How would this forecast be useful? To whom would it be useful? (1 page)
Section 2 – Literature Review: Present information about the company and industry. This section is not about forecasting methods (1 or 2 pages).
Section 3 – Managerial Overview of Methods Used: Why did you select these forecasting methods? Explain why you believe the technique you have chosen is appropriate to forecast your data (1 or 2 pages).
Section 4 – Application of Forecasting Methods and Results: What are the forecast results of these methods? Which method performs better? How did you evaluate the forecasting methods? Present your forecast results and explain the methods you used to evaluate your forecast results (2 to 4 pages).
Section 5 – Conclusions and Limitations: (1 page)
Section 6 – References: Cite 6 to 8 references related to the company selected (1 page).
Appendix: Include one or more appendices containing appropriate graphics and a complete professional listing of data with appropriate citations. All graphs in the appendix must be referenced in the body of your paper along with the page on which each graph can be found.
The paper should be typed, single-spaced, and presented in 12-point Times New Roman font.
Excel File Requirements
When you submit your paper, you must also submit an Excel file including your data and analysis.
Tab 1 – Basic Data: Show the dates in column A and the sales data in column B.
Tab 2 – Extrapolation Model: Show the data you used for your extrapolation method with the dates in column A, the sales data in column B, and the predicted values for that method in column C.
Tab 3 – Regression Model: Show all the data used in the regression model with dates in column A and the sales data in column B. The next columns in Tab 3 should include all the independent variables used in your regression model. Following these columns, you should add a column containing the values predicted by the regression analysis.
Tab 4 – Final Forecasts: The fourth and final tab should have the dates in column A, the original sales data in column B, the predicted values from your extrapolation forecast in column C, and the predicted values from your regression model in column D. The predicted values will extend 8 quarters (or 24 months) beyond the actual historic values.
Discussion
You are required to read, reflect on, and respond to at least one project paper. You will post your contribution to the topic “Projects” on the Discussion Board. Your contribution to the discussion about papers should be clear, complete, and accurate. In your reflection on the paper, you should cover at least two of the following:
Offer an additional method or variable(s) to include in a forecasting technique to predict sales. Please explain your reasons for the new method or variable you propose.
Suggest ways in which a forecasting technique could be more clearly expressed.
Identify passages where you think the writer misinterpreted, or incorrectly applied, a concept.
Offer your assessment of the forecast results, and explain why you agree or disagree with the prediction.
Recommended Information Sources
Research Insight (RI): This database from Standard & Poor’s offers up to 20 years and up to 48 quarters of historical financial information on public U.S. and Canadian companies.
SEC’s EDGAR Database: The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) maintains a database of SEC filings by public companies. The 10-K reports contain much of the same information found in annual reports and will be the most useful for this assignment.

Week Four: Paper Sprint
Hide Assignment Information
Instructions
The paper is done in weekly sprints as it is shown below:
Sprint
Activities
Activity Due Date
Peer Review Due Date
Sprint Week 1
Write an introduction and provide peer review
Saturday week 1
Monday week 2
Sprint Week 2
Identify two peer articles and empirical evidence that support the argument/analysis section
Saturday week 2
Sprint Week 3
Write the entire paper draft and provide peer review
Saturday week 3
Sunday week 3
Sprint Week 4
Write the final paper
Saturday week 4
This week you must submit the revised and final version of your paper.
Step 1: Make sure you consider all comments you received in weeks 1 and 3 from your peers.
Step 2: Do not forget you must follow the precise APA style requested for this paper and specified in the Syllabus section of this course shell.
Step 3: Make sure there is a strong connection between the introduction and conclusion
Step 4: Submit your final paper as an attachment (word or pdf) by Saturday (midnight). I will grade this assignment by Tuesday or Wednesday of the following week.
Step 5: Submit your peer-evaluation and self-evaluation along with your paper. No need for an additional attachment, write your evaluation in the text window (name, number from 0-to-10, one sentence of justification). Read the rubric below to get familiar with the 0-to-10 numbers.
The grading rubric is the following:
The Paper (85%)
The Feedback Quality (15%)

Paper (85 %)
The paper will be graded based on
Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling (8 %)
APA Style for titles, paragraphs and references (8 %)
Clarity of objective, introduction, conclusion and strong connection between the introduction and conclusion (10 %)
Economic analysis using economic principles in the argument section (35 %)
Empirical evidence that supports economic analysis in the argument section (15 %)
Overall quality of conclusion (9 %)
Self Evaluation (5 %)
Give yourself
8 – 10 if you provided feedback in weeks 1 and 3, and the quality of your feedback to the introduction and entire draft of other students were very useful
5 – 7 if you provided feedback in weeks 1 and 3, and the quality of your feedback to the introduction and entire draft of other students were ok
1 – 4 if you provided feedback in one week of two, or the quality of your feedback to both the introduction and entire draft of other students were poor
0 if you failed to provide feedback at all
Peer Evaluation (10 %) (average of points you received in weeks 1 and 3)
Evaluate each feedback your received in weeks 1 and 3. Give each one:
8 – 10 if the quality of the feedback you received from this person was very useful
5 – 7 if the quality of the feedback you received from this person was ok
1 – 4 if the quality of the feedback received from this person was poor
Due on May 4, 2024 11:59 PM
Hide Rubrics
Rubric Name: Rubric for Collaborative Paper
Print
CriteriaExcellentGood
Needs Improvement
Criterion Score
Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling (8%)
8 points
6 points
3 points
Score of Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling (8%),
/ 8
APA-JRIT Style (8%)
8 points
6 points
3 points
Score of APA-JRIT Style (8%),
/ 8
Clarity and connection of intro and conclusion (10%)
10 points
8 points
4 points
Score of Clarity and connection of intro and conclusion (10%),
/ 10
Economic Analysis (35%)
35 points
28 points
14 points
Score of Economic Analysis (35%),
/ 35
Empirical Evidence (15%)
15 points
12 points
6 points
Score of Empirical Evidence (15%),
/ 15
Overall Quality Conclusion (9%)
9 points
7 points
3 points
Score of Overall Quality Conclusion (9%),
/ 9
Self-Evaluation (5%)
5 points
4 points
2 points
Score of Self-Evaluation (5%),
/ 5
Peer Evaluation (10%)
10 points
8 points
4 points
Score of Peer Evaluation (10%),
/ 10
Total

Chapters 5 and 19 will be covered in Week Four. The reason for covering fewer chapters is to allow you time to complete your Course Paper. Reviewing these questions and correct answers will help you submit Homework for Week Four.
Answers to Chapter Nineteen Questions (Optional)
Chapter 19 – Problem 2 (a, b)
Chapter 19 – Problem 4
Chapter 19 – Problem 5
Chapter 19 – Problem 8 (a, b, c, d)
Chapter 19 – Problem 9
Solutions for all problems in chapter nineteen: Chapter Nineteen Solutions

Chapter 5
Define Price Ceiling and Price Floor with at least one example of each. You may receive 2 bonus points for each graphical explanation.
“Both price ceilings and price floors cause inefficiency in the market”. Explain with examples.
Chapter 19
What are the three main causes of shift of factor demand curve? Explain with examples.
Define Labor Unions and Monopsony. How do these factor markets for labor exert market power in different ways? Explain with examples.
Due on May 4, 2024 11:59 PM
Attachments
Week Four Homework.docx (13.63 KB)
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