Category: Communication Strategies

I have attached my rough draft which is the foundation of my assignment. It needs more charts, graphs, and more wording. Business Proposal
The Business Proposal is the major writing assignment in the course. You are to create and submit a formal proposal that suggests how to change something within an organization. This organization can be large or small, a place of employment now or in the past, or an organization to which the students belong. From past experiences, it is best to use a business with fewer than 200 employees, and one with which you have personal experience. It could be a place where you currently work or a place you have worked or volunteered in the past.
The change can be specific to a unit or can apply to the whole organization; it can relate to how important information is distributed, who has access to important information, how information is accessed, or any other change in practices the students see as having a benefit. The proposal should be directed to the person or committee with the power to authorize the change. However, if you are working within a large organization, and asking for a small organizational change, communicating with a CEO or president may not make the most sense. You need to think about who within the organization might be the best person for the type of change suggested.
For the submission, you are to follow the guidelines for formal proposals available in Chapter 10 of the text. You can review 10.1, 10.4, and 10.6 for more information about specific components for a well-written formal business proposal. o A complete proposal must have all required sections of a formal report excluding the copy of an an RFP and the Authorization. The final draft of the proposal should be 1500 – 2000 words, and include the following necessary formal proposal components:
Letter of transmittal
Executive summary
Title page
Table of contents
List of illustrations
Introduction
Background: Purpose/problem
Proposal: plan, schedule, details
Staffing
Budget
Appendix
Formatting does matter for this assignment, and you are to check the text for details about how to format and draft the different proposal segments. Proposals don′t just have text; graphics and charts are necessary, too. In addition, research is important, and footnotes and references must be included. All content should be concise, clear, and detailed. The proposal should be well-written with appropriate grammar, spelling, and punctuation

For this assignment, I want you to find real-world fallacies that have been argued or endorsed in social media or in mainstream news in the past 12 months. If you can find evidence of someone ″making″ that fallacy, you′ve just found one.
You are to go on a scavenger hunt to find 10 fallacies from among 5 different types from the list of fallacies that I wrote for this class. So, I want you to show me ten actual, real-world examples of actual people making specific fallacies. These are not hypothetical what-if discussions. These fallacies need to have been argued by someone on mainstream media or social media. Peruse the news page discussions and see what arguments people use. Search on TikTok and analyze the arguments made in the videos. Of the ten examples that you identify, I want those examples to be of at least 5 specific kinds of fallacies that I discuss on the Fallacies page here.
A few rules about this assignment:
First, I don’t want students sharing and submitting the same examples so that they can reduce the amount of work that they have to do. These examples have to be unique—meaning that I do not want anyone else to be using any examples that you found, and I certainly don’t want you using examples found by anyone else in class. If I find that students have submitted identical examples for this assignment, I will contact you and require that you resubmit new examples of any that have been used by others. Unfortunately, I need to do this because it is not fair to the students who can′t collaborate with their classmates. So, the hunting work you do needs to be your own. Fortunately, because I am allowing you to use examples that anyone has produced on social media platforms, such as Facebook or TikTok, there should be no shortage of examples for everyone. Seriously–it is quite disturbing how many examples of fallacies are being created on the Internet every day. The challenge of this assignment is not so much finding fallacies, but rather being able to recognize them. Make sure that you are naming the fallacy correctly. It is not enough for you simply to find examples of defective logic. You need to tell me what is wrong with each example by naming the specific fallacy.
Second, I want to make sure that these are ″naturally″ occurring fallacies, so I don′t want anyone claiming credit for fallacies that they themselves have created or invented. Fortunately, I am fine with you reporting any fallacies that you witness from others on the Internet.
The different fallacies
Response Fallacies
Argumentum ad Hominem
Perhaps the most common fallacy of all time is the ad hominem fallacy. Ad hominem is a Latin term which literally translates as ″to the man.″ Translated more desсrіptively, ad hominem refers to a personal attack against another arguer. This fallacy is designed to discredit an arguer′s credibility in such a way that audiences are asked to disregard the original arguer′s argument. When this credibility attack is done in response to an argument that does not depend on the original arguer′s credibility, then this attack is considered to be a fallacy. However, it is important to remember that an attack on a person′s credibility is not always a fallacy. Sometimes it is acceptable to attack another person′s credibility if that arguer relied on their own credibility to support their argument. For instance, if an arguer used an ″appeal to qualified authority,″ it would not be a fallacy to attack their credibility if the person rebutting that argument believed that the original arguer does not have good credibility. In the cases where an arguer has relied on their own credibility to support their argument, then attacking that person′s credibility is not a fallacy. Simply put, this fallacy is only a fallacy if the original argument to which it responds does not rely on the original arguer′s credibility.
Red Herring
A red herring fallacy is a response fallacy that creates a distraction in an attempt to make an audience overlook an argument. There are countless ways that this distraction can be done. For instance, if a person makes an argument about the existence of climate change, another person who does not want to respond to that argument might be tempted to talk about the importance of charity to help homeless people. If that discussion successfully distracts the original arguer and other audience members from the argument about climate change, then the ″red herring″ is successful. However, this fallacy does not actually answer that argument about climate change. Instead, it is ignored. It should also be pointed out that sometimes it is appropriate to shift the focus of an argument to something else if the original argument is not relevant or important to what is being discussed. If the original argument should be disregarded without comment, then it is not a fallacy to shift the focus of discussion.
Straw Person (or Straw Man)
A straw person fallacy is actually a special version of a red herring fallacy, but with a far more deceptive twist. The name straw person itself refers to an analogy of a human shaped figure made out of clothes and stuffed with straw. A person who exploits a straw person will thrash and beat the straw person and attempt to fool onlookers that they have fought a living person and ″won.″ In the context of arguing, this analogy suggests that a person who distorts another person′s argument, defeats that distorted version, and then claims to have defeated the original argument, they have made a straw person fallacy. This kind of fallacy frequently happens in political debates and attack advertisements where one candidate will distort their opponent′s position in an attempt to make their opponent an easier target to attack.
Non-Response Fallacies
The remainder of the fallacies being reviewed her are fallacies that do not need to be responding to someone else′s argument.
Many of these fallacies can disguise themselves especially well because they are designed to imitate one of the legitimate forms of inductive argument. I have sorted these kinds of fallacies to the beginning of this section. Most of these kinds of fallacies are obvious because they are named to resemble what they counterfeit. I will point out what kinds of arguments these fallacies attempt to ″pass″ as.
Appeal to Unqualified Authority
As the name suggests, an appeal to unqualified authority attempts to pass itself off as an appeal to qualified authority. This kind of fallacy usually uses an arguer′s credibility that is quite high in an irrelevant way. Celebrity actors and athletes are often recruited to act in advertisements for products/services that have nothing to do with acting or athletics; these are perhaps the most recognizeable form of appealing to unqualified authority. Unfortunately, many other people also do this when they make claims about specific issues that require a high degree of specialized skill, such as making conclusions about the pandemic based on their personal experience.
Hasty Generalization (and hasty prediction)
A hasty generalization is a fallacy that resembles a legitimate generalization. What makes a generalization hasty is when the arguer makes one or more key mistakes when making the generalization. The most common mistake is by using a non-representative sample of a population. It can be difficult for an onlooker to detect a non-representative sample without knowing something about it, which is what makes the hasty generalization fallacy difficult to detect. For instance, let′s say that I recently taught a class in-person recently, and there were many students in the classroom. Most of the students are sitting near the back of the room sleeping, but there are several students sitting in the front row. In the classroom, I noticed that the students who were sitting in the front row were all taking notes and paying attention. Based on my sample of only the students sitting in the front row, I conclude that all of my students are taking notes and paying attention. However, in this example, my sample is non-representative because it does not represent any of the students who were asleep in the back of the room. In that example, I am unwittingly producing a hasty generalization.
False Cause
A false cause fallacy is a fallacy that attempts to fool its audience into believing that two things that are merely correlated are causally connected. It makes us believe that one or more of the three indicators of causation (chronology, proximity, and resemblance) is present when in fact those qualities are not there. A common way that a false cause fallacy can deceive us is by claiming that an effect has been caused by something that actually occurred after the effect. Because the chronology condition of causation requires the cause to occur immediately before the effect, it is not possible for the cause to occur after the effect. However, when two events occur very closely together in time, it can be difficult to tell which one comes first and which one follows. For this reason, false cause fallacies frequently exploit confusion about when things occur. It is less common for false cause fallacies to deceive audiences about proximity and resemblance, although that does happen.
False Analogy
A false analogy is a fallacy version of an analogy argument whenever it uses as evidence a comparison between two things that have an irrelevant similarity. Once that connection is made based on the irrelevant similarity, the false analogy fallacy attempts to make a connection to another attribute from the dubious connection between those two things. An example of a false analogy would be the following:
Evidence: My friend notices that I drive a dirty pickup truck. My friend knows that I am a gardener and that I frequently use my pickup truck to move dirty gardening supplies in the bed of the truck. My friend then notices that my next door neighbor also drives a dirty pickup truck.
Conclusion: My friend concludes that my neighbor is also an avid gardener.
False Dilemma
A false dilemma is also called a ″black-and-white fallacy.″ It is a fallacy that attempts to claim that there are only a limited number of possible courses of action when more options are available. It usually limits the courses of action to two possibilities (hence the alternative name ″black-and-white fallacy″). However, the false dilemma fallacy is sometimes used to claim that there are three, four, or more courses of action. False dilemma fallacies are seen disturbingly often in political contexts. Shortly after September 11, 2001, it was not uncommon to hear the slogan, ″If you′re not a patriot, then you are a terrorist.″ Another example often heard more recently, ″If you′re not a Democrat, then you′re a traitor.″ In addition, false dilemma fallacies, sadly are seen being used by people with personality disorders who are suffering from black-and-white thinking (also called dichotomous thinking). It is important to understand that it is not necessarily the case that a person using a false dilemma fallacy knows that they are using a fallacious argument to influence someone.
Slippery Slope
A slippery slope fallacy can be a tempting fallacy because it disguises an improbable series of events as one that is likely to occur. The main technique used by a slippery slope is to describe a long chain of events, such as A-˃B-˃C-˃D-˃E-˃F-˃G-˃H. It may be that the likelihood of each individual connection in the chain is high. Let′s say that the probability of A-˃B is 90%, and each of the subsequent links in the chain are also 90% for each one. Roughly speaking, the chance of A-˃H is no more likely to happen than a coin toss due to how probability multiplies. However, when these letters are replaces with desсrіptive parades of horribles, a fallacy can compel people to believe that the initial event must be avoided at all costs. It is important that we assess the entire chain of events for its likelihood as a whole rather than consider only one of those links.
Begging the Question
To beg the question is to make an argument in which one or more of the premises or pieces of evidence is also advanced as evidence. This fallacy is also frequently called circular reasoning when the evidence features a long string of evidence that ends with a repetition of the claim. When a boss says, ″I am the Boss Because What I Say Goes!″ they are begging the question.
Appeal to Popularity
An appeal to popularity is a fallacy in which an argument makes a claim based on the claim being believed by many people. When people use peer pressure to get their peers to believe a statement, they are using an appeal to popularity. It is important to recognize that there are some statements that are true because many people believe them. For instance, it is not a fallacy to claim that a certain political candidate will win an election because they are popular. Their popularity may be the very thing that will cause them to win the election, and thus the claim is made true by the popularity. However, most claims are not like this. As another example, it is a fallacy to argue that cannabis is safe because it is popular. In reality, the question of cannabis′ safety has nothing to do with how many people believe in it.
Appeal to Tradition
An appeal to tradition fallacy is similar to the appeal to popularity fallacy. Instead of using evidence of popular support, the appeal to tradition fallacy attempts to support a claim with the fact that it has been supported for a long period of time. For instance, it is a fallacy to argue that a religion′s tenets are factually true simply because it has existed for a long time. Another example of an appeal to tradition is to argue that a certain principle is correct because it has been followed for a long time. A relatively recent example of this is to say that only women give birth to children because traditionally only women have given birth. However, we know that this is a fallacy because many trans men have the ability to get pregnant and have taken children to term.
Appeal to Ignorance
The appeal to ignorance fallacy makes a claim that something is true because it hasn′t been proven false. Alternatively, an appeal to ignorance may make a claim that something is false because it hasn′t been proven true. The fallacy exploits a lack of evidence in either the for or against direction and concludes that the opposite is the case. This is a fallacy because an argument always has a burden of proof. It is not enough to cite a lack of evidence as proof. Here it is important to keep in mind that the legal principle of ″innocent until proven guilty″ is not an appeal to ignorance; it is instead an example of defendants being presumed innocent until there is evidence proving their guilt.
Appeal to the Stick
An appeal to force fallacy is perhaps the first fallacy that most people have been exposed to in their lives. It attempts to get an audience to accept the truth of a claim by making a threat of some kind as evidence. The reason the fallacy is called ″appeal to the stick″ is because of the imagery of a stick being used to punish the audience if they do not agree with the claim. An example of appealing to the stick is a bully at school telling a peer, ″You had better believe that I′m the best baseball player on the team, because if you don′t, I will beat you up.″
Argumentum Non Sequitur
The non sequitur fallacy is also called the ″catch-all″ fallacy because it can describe every other kind of fallacy, both formal and informal. The reason it casts such a wide net is because its name literally means ″argument not in sequence,″ which means that the conclusion does not follow from the evidence. In other words, any defective reasoning can correctly be identified as a non sequitur fallacy. However, as your instructor, I want to make it clear that the non sequitur fallacy category should not be used to identify a fallacy that can be correctly named by one of the other fallacy labels. This last comment is especially important with respect to your fallacy files assignment. Please do not use the non sequitur fallacy label to describe, for instance, a case of appeal to unqualified authority. The non sequitur name should only be used to describe a fallacy in which none of the other labels fits.
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Pablo Neruda, a renowned poet and diplomat from Chile
1. Describe a creative work by the creator you chose for your project. Be sure to state the creator′s name, the name of the creative work, and the date of the work.
(Pablo Neruda, a renowned poet and diplomat from Chile)
2. How does the creative work reflect the culture of its time?
3. How has culture changed since the creation of the creative work, and how do you think the creative work helped to influence this change?

extbooks provide an important summary of research in a field. Yet, textbooks don′t always tell the ″whole story.″ Summarize and use research articles, as well as relevant material in the text, to explain why as a graduate student in Business and Professional Communication you should be engaged in outside research (both primary and secondary) in order to be a well-rounded reader and professional.
Cite all your sources in-text and in the reference list. To reiterate, you should have at least six outside scholarly sources from business or communication journals. In addition to the six scholarly sources, you may include credible news stories, trade publication articles, or professional websites to expand on your examples or to add detail to the essay. Please cite all your sources in the text of the essay in APA style and provide APA-formatted references for those sources at the end of your essay. Remember, type up your essay in your favorite word processor, but please paste the text into Blackboard. You can tidy up the format after you paste your text – single spaced with a blank line between paragraphs seems to work best for your readers.Use the school library to locate six outside scholarly sources from business or communication journals.: https://library.bellevue.edu/

Using amazon kindle service Login Cplgorman25@gmail Password 4rfv4rfv$RFV$RFV (**You may need to download the app to view the book**) Using book Introducing Intercultural Communication Review chapters 2.,4,5. Then read the attachments .
Sort through all the reflection papers and reviewed chapters use important parts together in one large summation paper that gives an overall personal perspective of Global Intercultural Media Communications. It is your choice as to how much of each reflection to use. You will add these parts together, along with an overall introduction to your paper, and a personal opinion conclusion, followed by a References/Works Cited page. (Choose APA or MLA as a writing style for all reflections and the final project.) It is helpful for you to begin building a References or Works Cited page each week so you can select which references to keep for the final project, and that page will already be complete.

I attached an example of how the outline should look like i want to be about STANLEY CUPS you have to create an out line talking about why people should buy the cups whats so good about tye brand
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Instructions
Watch the following video clips which show a real-life round table, symposium and panel discussion.
Then, based on the notes I gave you about each format, write an 8 paragraph essay that highlights the pros and cons of each format (an introduction, 6 body paragraphs that includes an advantage and disadvantage for each method, and a conclusion). Be sure to give specific examples from each clip to back up your points and remember to include the role of the moderator.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v＝xXsfQ6GLSNo – This is the round table
https://youtu.be/RDcXcswjf3w – This is the symposium
https://videos.kaltura.com/media/The+Classroom+of+Tomorrow+-+A+Panel+Discussion/0_ab682qp5/72880291 – This is the panel discussion
Note that some of the clips are very long. It is not necessary to watch the entire clip to be able to complete the assignment so feel free to skip around.

Once you graduate, you will constantly have to sell yourself and your ideas to your boss, customers, and potential/current clients through oral communication. Persuasion can often come disguised as sales, and vice versa.
For this six- to seven-minute persuasive presentation, choose an organization in which you are currently involved, such as a neighborhood group, your employer, a nonprofit, your religious community, a civic group, an activist movement, sports club, etc. You must be able to includes references to credible outside sources, (at least one for each main point of your presentation) so be sure to select a speech topic that has scholarly sources written about it.
Think about some sort of change to the organization itself that you would like made or implemented. This change might be proposing an idea for a new policy, product, procedure, process, practice, etc. Alternatively, you may wish to change a current practice of the organization. This would be a real presentation that you could actually give, if you were asked. The audience for this presentation will be the members of your organization. Since you belong to this organization, you will have an established ethos.
This assignment requires that you create a formal outline. A formal outline is detailed and written in complete sentences instead of using a keyword or sentence fragment for each point. ˂–YOU WILL SUBMIT A FORMAL OUTLINE! NOT A KEY WORD/PHRASE/SPEAKING OUTLINE.
After reading Ch12 you will use Monroe′s Motivated Sequence to organize your speech outline.
Creating a formal outline will assist you both in developing your ideas and in following the organizational patterns that you have learned in this week’s readings and discussion forum about delivering presentations. A great presentation is well organized and easy for the listener to understand. Your audience has only one opportunity to understand the message conveyed in your presentation. It is important to have a clearly established audience for your presentation and to consistently adapt the content of your presentation for that audience.

Instructions will be uploaded later.
After reading chapter 1, part 1 of assignment is to be due. Instructions are attached in the Microsoft words.

put all this on the slides PowerPoint. (( this is all my info I would like on the slides make it neat and professional )) (this should be the correct information to put on slides i just need it put on slides and the information to be neat as possible thanks
Subject Line: Exploring Interpersonal Dynamics: Applying Course Concepts to Real-Life Conversations
1. **Individual 1:**
– **Desсrіption:** My brother
– **Brief Desсrіption of Relationship:** My brother and I share a close bond, often engaging in open and honest communication. We have a supportive relationship built on trust and mutual respect.
– **Conversations:**
– Conversation 1a: Discussed plans for a family gathering.
– Conversation 1b: Addressed a disagreement about household chores.
2. **Individual 2:**
– **Desсrіption:** My best friend
– **Brief Desсrіption of Relationship:** My best friend is like a sister to me. We′ve been through ups and downs together, and our friendship is characterized by trust, loyalty, and shared experiences.
– **Conversations:**
– Conversation 2a: Talked about career aspirations and future goals.
– Conversation 2b: Shared personal struggles and provided emotional support.
3. **Individual 3:**
– **Desсrіption:** My partner
– **Brief Desсrіption of Relationship:** My partner and I have a loving and supportive relationship. We communicate openly and strive to understand each other′s perspectives, fostering a deep emotional connection.
– **Conversations:**
– Conversation 3a: Discussed plans for an upcoming vacation.
– Conversation 3b: Addressed a misunderstanding about finances.
4. **Individual 1 (Brother):**
– **Concept 1: Dual Perspective**
– *Application:* During the conversation about household chores, I recognized the importance of considering my brother′s perspective. By acknowledging his workload and stressors, I was able to empathize with his point of view and find a compromise.
– **Concept 2: Defensive Listening**
– *Application:* My brother initially responded defensively when I brought up the topic of chores. He seemed to feel criticized and became guarded in his communication. Recognizing his defensive stance, I adjusted my approach to ensure a more productive dialogue.
– **Concept 3: Nonverbal Communication**
– *Application:* Throughout our conversation, I noticed my brother′s nonverbal cues, such as crossed arms and furrowed brows, indicating his discomfort and frustration. These cues helped me gauge his emotional state and adjust my communication accordingly.
– **Concept 4: Empathy**
– *Application:* As our conversation progressed, I made a conscious effort to empathize with my brother′s feelings and validate his experiences. By demonstrating empathy, I created a supportive environment where we could openly discuss our concerns and find a resolution.
5. **Individual 2 (Best Friend):**
– **Concept 1: Self-Disclosure**
– *Application:* During our conversation about personal struggles, we both engaged in self-disclosure, sharing intimate details about our lives and emotions. This mutual sharing strengthened our bond and fostered a deeper level of trust and understanding.
– **Concept 2: Active Listening**
– *Application:* I practiced active listening by fully focusing on my friend′s words, providing verbal and nonverbal cues of attentiveness, and paraphrasing her feelings to ensure understanding. This active listening approach facilitated effective communication and emotional support.
– **Concept 3: Non-Listening**
– *Application:* At times, I caught myself engaging in non-listening behaviors, such as zoning out or interrupting my friend′s speech. Recognizing these behaviors, I made a conscious effort to refocus my attention and actively engage in the conversation.
– **Concept 4: Love Styles**
– *Application:* Our conversation also touched upon love styles, as we discussed our respective romantic relationships and expressed our preferences for affection and communication. Understanding each other′s love styles deepened our friendship and enriched our interactions.
6. **Individual 3 (Partner):**
– **Concept 1: Autonomy-Connectedness Dialectic**
– *Application:* In our discussion about finances, we navigated the autonomy-connectedness dialectic by balancing our individual financial responsibilities with our shared financial goals. We respected each other′s autonomy while prioritizing our mutual interests as a couple.
– **Concept 2: Kitchen-Sinking**
– *Application:* We consciously avoided kitchen-sinking during our conversation, focusing on one specific issue (finances) rather than bringing up unrelated grievances or past conflicts. This approach allowed us to address the issue constructively and work towards a resolution.
– **Concept 3: Love Languages**
– *Application:* Our conversation highlighted the importance of understanding each other′s love languages, as we discussed ways to express love and appreciation in our relationship. Recognizing and honoring each other′s love languages strengthens our emotional connection and intimacy.
– **Concept 4: Perception**
– *Application:* We acknowledged the role of perception in our discussion, recognizing that our individual perspectives and interpretations of financial matters may differ. By communicating openly and clarifying misunderstandings, we bridged the gap in perception and found common ground.