Category: Biology

My Plate
Watch the video HealthyLiving MyPlate Dietary GuidelinesLinks to an external site.. Post your summary of the video which includes answers to the following questions:
What is your overall impression of the MyPlate Dietary Guidelines?
To what extent does your current plate reflect the MyPlate guidelines?
Identify and explain two possible flaws with the MyPlate guidelines.

My Plate
Watch the video HealthyLiving MyPlate Dietary GuidelinesLinks to an external site.. Post your summary of the video which includes answers to the following questions:
What is your overall impression of the MyPlate Dietary Guidelines?
To what extent does your current plate reflect the MyPlate guidelines?
Identify and explain two possible flaws with the MyPlate guidelines.
Follow the rubric.

Discussion Carbohydrates
1. Instructions: Read the scenario, and post your answers to the questions that follow. Also, read and respond to at least one of your fellow classmates’ post. (Make sure your post is more substantial that just “I agree”. Provide specifics.) Incomplete assignments will be deducted 5 points. Remember to follow netiquette rules.
John and Mike are identical twins who like the same games, sports, and foods. However, John like to chew sugar-free gum and Mike doesn’t. At their last dental visit, John had no cavities but Mike had two. Mike wants to know why John, who chews gum after eating, doesn’t have cavities and he does. How would you explain this to him?
2. Think about your usual eating habits. List three food items that would fall under the “refined grains” category. Select three “whole grains” food items you would be willing to substitute in place of the refined grains.

You dont have to record yourself write down what i have to say in an organized and clear way please
Before You Start:
To prepare for this assignment, I recommend that you do the following:
Read these directions carefully
Read the BIOL181 Mini-Presentation Grading Criteria. The grading criteria is a detailed evaluation that I will use to assess your performance. It also will help you understand what is expected of you as you prepare your assignment.
Use your own words (paraphrase). For help with paraphrasing, please review the ‘Quoting and Paraphrasing’ service in the Trefry Library Writing@APUS Center.
Note that your Turnitin report similarity score should be under 20% (not including references) and free of paraphrasing issues. Review the color-flagged text on your report, fix any issues, and resubmit again before the deadline (this assignment is set to unlimited submissions).
Note that less than 10% of your work should contain direct quotes.
Outside of simple spelling and grammar checks, no form of generative AI may be used to complete your work.
Email me with any questions!
Assignment Instructions: The topic of your Course Project will be any medical disease or condition of the body (e.g., arthritis is too broad; choose one specific type such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid, etc.). Choose ONLY one medical disease or condition that interests you, as this will be the topic used for all Course Project steps and assessments throughout the term.
Autism Spectrum Disorder – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
My topic and resources:
For my course project, I chose to focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The reason I am choosing this condition is due to its profound impact on many individuals and families, including a close friend of mine who has a child with autism. I have also worked as a Behavioral Therapist in ABA. I am deeply interested in understanding the complexities of ASD, including its diagnosis, management, and support strategies, to better appreciate the challenges faced by those affected and to contribute to raising awareness and support within the community.
The article I have chosen as a source of information is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website titled “Autism Spectrum Disorder: Overview, Risk Factors, and Treatment.” The CDC offers a comprehensive overview of autism, including prevalence statistics, risk factors, early signs, and recommended treatments.
The CDC website is an authoritative and credible source of academically and scientifically reliable information. As a leading national public health institute in the United States, the CDC plays a crucial role in gathering and disseminating accurate health information to the public.
The articles on the CDC website are written and reviewed by subject matter experts, including medical doctors, clinical psychologists, and public health professionals. For instance, Dr. Stuart Shapira, a renowned expert in developmental disabilities, frequently contributes to the CDC’s autism-related content. Secondly, the CDC’s articles frequently reference peer-reviewed research studies, national health statistics, and clinical guidelines from reputable organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Each claim is supported by specific citations that link to scientific literature and data. Finally, the CDC is a respected government agency renowned for its role in public health research and information dissemination. It is known for maintaining high standards of transparency and accuracy in the information it provides.
B. Based on the evidence provided, I believe this source is a credible source overall. All three pieces of evidence support the reliability and accuracy of the information. The fact that the CDC employs subject matter experts with advanced degrees in relevant fields ensures that the content is created and reviewed by individuals with a deep understanding of autism. This adds a high level of credibility to the information. Additionally, the use of peer-reviewed studies and reputable sources as references means the data has undergone thorough scientific scrutiny. The CDC’s dedication to transparency and frequent updates further enhances the trustworthiness of the information, demonstrating a commitment to providing the most current and accurate data available. Therefore, the CDC’s comprehensive approach to disseminating health information makes it a highly reliable and credible source for research on autism.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Autism spectrum disorder: Overview, risk factors, and treatment. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html
Mini-Presentation requirements:
Your presentation will be submitted as an audio-narrated PowerPoint, narrated by you, the student. You cannot use “text-to-speech” programs or technologies that do the narration for you unless noted as an approved accommodation in a current DSA letter you have furnished to me. For instructions on creating audio narration in PowerPoint, see the following link: Record a Slide Show With Narration. Audio narration is a requirement!
Familiarize yourself with the BIOL181 Course Project Guide.
Create a 3-4-slide audio-narrated PowerPoint presentation to include the following:A title slide with your name, date, class name, instructor name, and project topic
Content slide(s) to include:The name of the medical disease or condition you chose as your topic and the reason for selecting
Definition of the medical disease or condition
History of the medical disease or condition
Relevant image of the medical disease or condition (and remember to cite your source for the image)
Reference slide for all source material and images used within the Mini-PresentationAPA in-text citation and reference formatting is optional for this assignment. However, it will be required for subsequent assignments.
*Writing Expectations: Apply scientific concepts and use scientific terminology correctly. Utilize proper spelling, grammar, and punctuation. For help with pronunciation, see this link: Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
Additional Resources:
APA – In-Text Citations: The Basics
APA – Reference List: Basic Rules
How to format clip art and stock images: APA – Clip Art or Stock Image References
Evaluation: Review the BIOL181 Mini-Presentation Grading Criteria that describe how your Mini-Presentation will be graded.
Submission Instructions:
You must submit your Mini-Presentation as a “PowerPoint” (.ppt or .pptx) file AND title your file name as FirstnameLastname_BIOL181_MiniPresentation.pptx. Otherwise, you will not receive credit for your assignment.
Upload your assignment for grading by selecting the “Add a File” section.
The new screen will prompt you to select the “My Computer” button so you can locate the PPT file of your Mini-Presentation on your computer (file size must be under 100MB).
Find the file and double-select it.
Select “Continue”.
Double-check to ensure that your Mini-Presentation was successfully uploaded as an attachment.
When you have completed this assignment, type “Completed” in the rich text editor box below.
Select the “Submit” button.
Your Mini-Presentation is automatically submitted to Turnitin with your submission: Mini-Presentations will be automatically added to and checked against the standard Turnitin repositories. Originality reports will be returned to the faculty and student in roughly 15 minutes of the submission. Multiple submissions are allowed before the due date. If you wish to learn more about and how to access Turnitin.com, a plagiarism detection website, these are available from the Trefry Online Library. APUS Writing Center
NOTE: For those having trouble uploading the PPT file directly to the classroom as instructed above, your file may be too large with audio narration or multiple images/videos. Therefore, save your presentation to OneDrive in Office 365, paste the link in the Comment box, and upload a non-audio version of your presentation file which will scan through Turnitin. Select HERE for instructions on uploading files and sharing links on OneDrive.
Attachments
BIOL181_Mini-Presentation_Grading_Criteria_May_2022.pdf(276.88 KB)
BIOL181_Course_Project_Guide_May_2022.pdf(436.37 KB)

The image below shows a picture of a cell in a light microscope. The total magnification of the cell is 450X. The ocular lenses were at 5X.

Based on the information provided, what was the magnification of the objective lens? (1 point)
What would be the total magnification of the cell if the objective lens was moved to 150X but the ocular lens was still the same (5X)? (1 point)

Look at the cell diagram shown below.

What cell type is this? Is it prokaryotic OR is it eukaryotic? How do you know? (2 points)
This cell was previously classified as a plant cell – but is now in its own category. What features does it have that led scientists to believe that this was a plant cell? (2 points)
This cell is no longer classified as a plant cell. What features are missing from this cell that are found in plant cells. (2 points)

Look at the images of the solutions shown below.

Of the three images (left, middle, right), which image shows a hypotonic extracellular fluid? (Hint: extracellular means outside the cell. extra ＝ outside). (1 point)
Of the three images (left, middle, right), which image will result in NO NET CHANGE of the cell’s size? (1 point)
Of the three images (left, middle, right), which image will result in a crenated cell? (Hint: crenated cells look shriveled). (1 point)
Of the three images (left, middle, right), which image shows a hypotonic intracellular fluid? (Hint: intracellular means inside the cell. intra ＝ within) (1 point)
Is this set of images displaying osmosis OR is this image displaying selective permeability? (You can answer this question if you have watched my videos explaining the differences). (3 points)

Cynthia, a 53-year-old female presented to the emergency room due to feeling constantly tired, hungry, thirsty, and with frequent urination. Her past medical history is significant for cirrhosis and end-stage kidney disease. Physical examination had revealed yellowish discoloration to the skin, multiple bruises, bilateral edema, and weakness lasting more than three weeks. Laboratory tests were ordered (results provided below) after which she was prescribed metformin and informed to contact a doctor if she starts experiencing nausea, vomiting, fast breathing, and/or lethargy, as metformin has been known to cause metabolic acidosis. Complete Blood Count (CBC) Sodium 126 mEq/L Glucose 220 mmol/L Calcium 7.1 mg/dl Red blood cell count 3.9 cells/ul Iron 40 mcg/dL Albumin 2.5 g/dl Vitals Blood pressure 92/64 mmHg Hormone Panel Renin Low ADH Elevated Aldosterone Low Vitamins Vit D Low Vit K Low Vit E Low Vit A Low Urine and Stool Sample Stool color Gray Stool content Increase fat content Urine color Clear Complete Blood Count (CBC) Glucose Present Answer the following questions regarding Cynthia’s case: What hormone is not functioning properly causing Cynthia’s glucose levels to be abnormal? Furthermore, explain in depth how this hormone regulates blood glucose levels. What other hormone(s) are responsible for maintaining normal glucose levels? Explain in depth how they work. Explain why Cynthia is presenting with excessive thirst (polydipsia), tiredness and hunger (polyphagia), and frequent urination (polyuria). Explain why Cynthia is experiencing hypotension. How does the body and its various organ systems bring the blood pressure back towards homeostasis? What do you expect Cynthia’s heart rate and end-diastolic volume (EDV) to be (elevated, normal, or low) and justify your expectation with cardiovascular formulas such as cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV). What is the importance of iron in the body and the consequence of it being 40 mcg/dL? Explain in detail what gluconeogenesis is and where in the body it occurs? Knowing that gluconeogenesis helps maintain blood glucose level, what is the effect of metformin on the management of diabetes mellitus type 2? Looking at Cynthia’s albumin levels, what effect does it have on her (a) blood osmolarity (b) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and (c) urine volume? Explain how glucose is normally reabsorbed by the kidneys? What is happening in Cynthia’s kidneys resulting in glucosuria and what effect does glucosuria have on her blood pressure? If Cynthia ends up developing metabolic acidosis, what would the levels of her pH, CO2, and HCO3 be in the blood? Furthermore, how would the body compensate and address both renal and respiratory compensation (optional: show the compensation via a flow chart)?

Here is one side of a strand of DNA AACTGGTACGG. What would be the complementary strand bonded to it? (What will be on the other side)

Please post your answers directly on the discussion board, do not upload files. Images should be embedded on the post (click here for instructions to embed images on a postLinks to an external site.).
Questions for group discussion:
Draw the cell on the right (note that the letters indicate the gene and alleles present in each chromosome, show those letters on every drawing) as it goes from the G1 phase, to the S phase, G2 and then every phase in meiosis. Indicate the main things that happen to its chromosomes at each stage (label: sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, identify which cells are haploid and which are diploid). Draw it in paper and upload a photo or scan, post it as an image not as a file to the discussion post (use the image icon to upload).
Based on the diagram you drew above: A) Which events are unique to meiosis. B) The main purpose of sexual reproduction is to produce genetic variation in the offspring. Explain at least 3 ways in which meiosis promotes genetic variation. C) Explain which events in meiosis are responsible for the principle on segregation and which events are responsible for the principle of independent assortment.
Given what you have learned about the principle of independent assortment and how meiosis induces variation in the genetic composition of gametes, discuss the following: Some plants can reproduce asexually (by mitosis they produce structures that can break apart from the parent plant and sprout as an independent plant with the same genetic composition as the parent plant) and sexually (by meiosis, ultimately producing male and female gametes). However, many plants can do self-fertilization (male and female gametes from the same parent plant fertilize to form a zygote). Do you think that the offspring created through self-fertilization are genetic clones of the parent, just as it occurs during asexual reproduction? Explain your choice.
A) When predicting the phenotype of the offspring from a dihybrid cross, why is it so important that each gene is located in a different chromosome? B) You crossed a tall plant that produces purple flowers with a short plant that also produces purple flowers. Assume tall and purple flower are dominant traits. The 2165 offspring were: 100% tall plants, ¾ of the plants produced purple flowers and the remaining 1/4 of the plants produced white flowers. What were the possible genotypes of the parents?


For the pedigree on the right, individuals affected with the genetic condition are indicated by the shaded symbols. A) Based on this pedigree, what type of inheritance does this genetic condition have (dominant, recessive, sex-linked)? Explain. B) What is the genotype of the parents? C) What makes an allele dominant or recessive?
Mendel was very lucky to study traits that follow simple hereditary rules. We now know that there are multiple factors that can interfere with the expected Mendelian ratios. A) Explain 3 genetic mechanisms that can prevent Mendel’s results from being observed and B) give an example of each.
How to post images. Here are some instructions on how to upload images on Canvas:
https://lakeland.instructure.com/courses/1186804/pages/how-to-embed-an-image-in-a-discussion-post?module_item_id=13207174
Additional Practice (Optional – not required)
Problems Involving One Gene
In cats, long hair is recessive to short hair. A true-breeding (homozygous) short-haired male is mated to a long-haired female. What will their kittens look like?
Two cats are mated. One of the parent cats is long-haired (recessive allele). The litter which results contains two short-haired and three long-haired kittens. What does the second parent look like, and what is its genotype?
And Mr. Smith both have widow’s peaks (dominant). Their first child also has a widow’s peak, but their second child doesn’t. Mr. Smith accuses Mrs. Smith of being unfaithful to him. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not? Work the genetics problem predicting the frequencies of the versions of this trait among their prospective children.
and Mrs. Jones have six children. Three of them have attached earlobes (recessive) like their father, and the other three have free earlobes like their mother. What are the genotypes of Mr. and Mrs. Jones and of their numerous offspring?
and Mrs. Anderson both have tightly curled hair. (The hair form gene shows incomplete dominance. There are two alleles, curly and straight. The heterozygote has wavy hair.) The Andersons have a child with wavy hair. Mr. Anderson worries this may not be his child. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not?
Problems Involving Two Genes
A man with dark (dominant), curly (see problem I.5.) hair marries a woman with light, straight hair. Their daughter, who happens to have dark hair, marries a man with light, wavy hair. Answer the following questions about this dark-haired daughter and her family.Predict the phenotypic ratio among the offspring of the daughter and her husband.
What is the chance that they will have a child with hair just like his or her father’s?
In cats, again, black color is dominant to a special, temperature-sensitive albino gene which produces cats with dark legs, faces and tails (Siamese cats, in case you don’t recognize it). A short haired (dominant) Siamese colored female is bred to a long-haired black male. They have eight kittens: 2 black, short-haired; 2 black, long-haired; 2 Siamese, short-haired; and 2 Siamese, long-haired. What were the genotypes of the two parents?
Problems Involving Genes With Multiple Alleles
In a particular family, one parent has Type A blood, the other has Type B. They have four children. One has Type A, one has Type B, one has Type AB, and the last has Type O. What are the genotypes of all six people in this family? The ABO blood type gene has three alleles. IA and IB are codominant; i (for Type O) is recessive to both.
In a recent case in Spokane, Washington, a young woman accused a soldier of being the father of her child. The soldier, of course, denied it. The soldier’s lawyer demanded that blood types be taken to prove the innocence of his client. The following results were obtained: Alleged father, Type O. Mother, Type A. Child, Type AB. The court found the soldier guilty on the basis of the woman’s remarkable memory for dates and details that apparently eliminated all other possible fathers.What are the possible genotypes for these three people?
Do you agree with the court’s decision? Why or why not?
After you have answered the questions I will send a peers response and you have to explain why your answers are right or wrong compared to theirs

SEE THE ATTACHED WORD DOCUMENT AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS. MAKRE SURE YOU DO NOT SKIP ANY.

Please refer to Behavior Observation – Part 1 Materials for detailed instructions on this assignment.
Your two 250-word (max) reflections on your observation methods
Your detailed ethogram
A detailed description of your chosen behavior and the sampling method you chose to quantify this behavior as well as justification for why you chose this method (1 page)
Your behavior data collected during observation period 3 (using your chosen sampling method)