Category: Aviation

The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on March 27, 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The collision occurred when KLM Flight 4805 initiated its takeoff run while Pan Am Flight 1736 was still on the runway. The impact and resulting fire killed everyone on board KLM 4805. There were only 61 survivors in the front section of the Pan Am 1736 aircraft. With 583 fatalities, the disaster is the deadliest accident in aviation history.
A terrorist incident at Gran Canaria Airport had caused many flights to be diverted to Los Rodeos including the two aircraft involved in the accident. The airport quickly became congested with parked airplanes blocking the only taxiway and forcing departing aircraft to taxi on the runway instead. Patches of thick fog were drifting across the airfield. Visibility was greatly reduced for pilots and the control tower.
The subsequent investigation by Spanish authorities concluded that the primary cause of the accident was the KLM captain’s decision to take off in the mistaken belief that a takeoff clearance from air traffic control (ATC) had been issued. Dutch investigators placed a greater emphasis on a mutual misunderstanding in radio communications between the KLM crew and ATC, but ultimately, KLM admitted that their crew was responsible for the accident and the airline agreed to financially compensate the relatives of all of the victims.
The disaster had a lasting influence on the industry highlighting the vital importance of using standardized phraseology in radio communications. Cockpit procedures were also reviewed contributing to the establishment of crew resource management as a fundamental part of airline pilots’ training.
Review the video of the Tenerife Accident:

Using the information about the Tenerife Airport Disaster, address the following:
1. How did the Tenerife Accident become an inflection point for aviation safety and human factors?

Read the following two chapters from A Cloud Over Bhopal: Causes, Consequences, and Constructive Solutions (PDF)/Grazian-Archive (attached).
Chapter 1: In the Coolness of Night
Chapter 2: To Cope with a Killing Cloud
Read The Unfolding of Bhopal Disaster (attached)
The Bhopal disaster is considered the worst industrial accident in the history of the world. Death estimates have been placed as high as 15,000, and injuries totaled over 500,000. Based on what you learned in the videos and the readings, use one of the techniques you learned about this module week to conduct an analysis of one of the system malfunctions that happened at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal. Take this analysis and draft a report to show your findings and how to correct this problem before it becomes catastrophic.
This assignment has two requirements that must be completed and submitted.
1. The first is a chart presenting the data you selected to analyze in your chosen technique. Examples are found in the Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety (attached).
2. The second is a short narrative to tell why the items you show in your chart are important and need to be addressed.
Read the following chapters in Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety (attached)
Chapter 9 – Subsystem Hazard Analysis
Chapter 10 – System Hazard Analysis
Chapter 11 – Operating and Support Hazard Analysis
Chapter 22 – Process Hazard Analysis
MIL-STD-882E Department of Defense Standard Practice: System Safety PDF (attached)
Task 204 – Subsystem Hazard Analysis
Task 205 – System Hazard Analysis
Task 206 – Operating and Support Hazard Analysis

Based on the readings and any research you conducted on threats from terrorism, cyber, or uncrewed aerial systems in the aviation industry, create a one to three-slide presentation on one of these threats. This presentation can be in the form of a checklist, graph, chart, or infographic.
For your presentation, you have three options. Read through all options before choosing one to complete:
Option 1: Compare and contrast what threats from traditional crime and/or terrorism airports and airlines currently face.
Option 2: Identify how cyber threats impact the aviation industry in airports or against the airlines.
Option 3: Examine how the threats from uncrewed aerial systems impact the aviation industry in airports or against the airlines.
Please review the Media Hub, a multimedia resource guide (ERAU),Links to an external site. for suggested software tools and resources you can use for your course activity.
In your presentation, note the option that you chose.(MS power point)
Reference and cite your sources using the current APA format. Post your presentation as early in the module week as possible so that others have time to reply.
From me: Please ensure to make the slides colorful and interesting. I have recieved some slides in the past that seem far to basic. Thanks!

The human body must face challenges when traveling in an environment of decreased oxygen that affects our ability to safely operating there. Explain how hypoxia affects our ability to function safely in flight and explain the four types of hypoxia and what we can do to mitigate their effects on our ability to operate an aircraft safely. Be sure to support your thoughts with specific examples.

This discussion is a chance for you to review the last eight modules and consider what you have learned. Choose one topic that stood out to you and explain how it can be applied to your own experience in aviation. How does a deeper understanding of aerodynamics help to increase operational safety for you? Identify how an understanding of flight theory and aerodynamics can positively impact operational safety.
I’m choosing performance in unaccelerated flight.

Five-page term paper (in APA format) on an airline currently in business…….
(The 5 pages do not include the Title Page or Bibliography)
Examples of what you can write about include: (but do not let this limit you)
– What is their financial status and what are their goals/plans for the future?
– How are they dealing with Covid-19.
– How are they handling the current economic crisis?
– How are they handling the current pilot shortage?
Spirit Airlines
Torry A. Newkirk
Aviation Science, Central Texas College
AVIM2331: Airline Management
Professor Michael Hutyra
April 5, 2024

Based on the readings and any research you conducted, articulate the historical development of aviation security:
Provide insight into the National Transportation Security Act of November 2001.
Include an overview of the Transportation Enhancement Security Act.
Describe some of the essential milestones in the development of airport and aviation security.
Reference and cite your sources using the current APA format. Make your initial post as early in the week as possible so that others have time to reply.
Post must be 250 words or more.

Post your thorough and complete answers to the following scenarios. Provide the scenario number at the beginning of your post.
Scenario 1:
You are solo piloting a light general aviation aircraft within the U.S. on a non-commercial, cross-country flight under visual flight rules (VFR). You have not filed a flight plan, but nearing your destination in a metropolitan area, you call the center identifying your aircraft, position, altitude, and destination (an uncontrolled airfield located near the metropolitan area). You also request flight following to your destination airport. The center assigns you a transponder code and instructs you to “squawk ident.” Moments later, the controller confirms radar contact, advises you that it has been reported that you may have entered restricted airspace, and gives you a phone number to call when you get on the ground.
What will be your reply, and why?
What do you intend to do upon arrival? Describe fully and explain your reasons.

For this module week’s discussion, discuss why it is important to understand the load factor and how it affects when a wing stalls. Give an example of an aircraft accident caused by this scenario. Ensure your incident is only about the load factor and how it caused the aircraft to stall. Read your classmates’ posts before making your initial post, and choose an example that has not already been used.

For this assignment, first, review the following video, which is a good example of the difference between POH calculated takeoff and landing performance data versus the actual takeoff and landing performance data: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMRafSuzkQ8
Write a paper explaining why we may see a difference between POH calculated takeoff and landing performance data versus the actual takeoff and landing performance data. Use the takeoff and landing graphs/performance tables in Chapters 8 and 9 as a basis for discussing the following:
Takeoff Considerations
Environmental change of conditions
Obstacles
Slopes
Runway Condition
Surface Contamination
Landing Considerations – Use the equations for the following performance factors to support your paper:
Calculate an Approach speed for a selected landing weight
Calculate Drag during landing
Total drag at touchdown (stall speed)
Average drag during landing roll (based on total drag at stall speed – Resources and Inputs)
Calculate Residual thrust
Residual power based on the rated power of the aircraft
Thrust at touchdown
Average thrust during the landing roll
Calculate Average deceleration during the landing roll
Calculate Length of the landing roll
Explain where appropriate:
Influence of altitude on landings
Influence on landing speeds
Influence on landing distances
Difference between landing roll length (as calculated above) and landing distance (as published in a POH)
Influence of landing conditions such as runway material and surface condition, runway slope, wind conditions
Influence of weight on landings
Influence on landing speeds
Influence on landing distances
Conduct research using the Hunt Library. Your paper should be a minimum of 500 words and in APA format. Ensure that you cite your references.
Your paper will automatically be evaluated through Turnitin when you submit your assignment in this activity. Turnitin is a service that checks your work for improper citation or potential plagiarism by comparing it against a database of web pages, student papers, and articles from academic books and publications. Ensure that your work is entirely your own and that you have not plagiarized any material! Additionally, refer to the Academic Resources page in this course for information about the Turnitin Draft Coach service.