Overview

In Milestone One, you drafted the Introduction section and Parts A, B, and C of the Primary Argument section of your final project, the critical essay.

For Milestone Two, you will complete a draft of Parts D and E of the Primary Argument and the Counterargument sections of your critical essay. This work will help you to further establish your final project. The more rigor and detail that you put into addressing each question, the more you will set yourself up for success on the final project.

A counterargument, by definition, is an argument put forth to “counter” an argument already made. More specifically, a counterargument will be an argument whose premises lead to a conclusion that is “counter” to the conclusion of the original argument.

Sometimes the original argument is one that is in fact a “good” argument. In other words, upon carrying out an analysis of the argument, it is found to be either inductive, strong, and cogent or deductive, valid, and sound. If the argument is “good,” you likely cannot easily provide an equally “good” counterargument. You can give thought, however, to various facets of the issue under question that may have not been addressed or were inadequately addressed by the original argument. You can then construct an alternative argument to the original argument, focusing on the previously unconsidered facets of the issue. The alternative argument will broaden the focus, raise new and related issues, or provide an alternative perspective on the topic under discussion.

Direction

Complete a draft of Parts D and E of the Primary Argument section. Use course materials on knowledge, experts, evidence, bias, and credibility from Modules Three and Four.

Before drafting the Counterargument section of your critical essay, read the articles listed under “Additional Resources” and “Scholarly Resources” found on the Final Project Topics and Resources page in Brightspace. Then, use these additional resources to craft your own alternative or counterargument to the argument presented in the Primary Argument Article.

Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

1. Primary Argument: Explore the position advanced in your Primary Argument Article.

1. Explain how the argument contains or avoids bias.
   • Provide specific examples to support your observations.
2. Assess the credibilityof the overall argument using the Hierarchy of Reliability and CRAAPO.
   • Were the resources used to support the argument credible or scholarly? Why, or why not?
   • Does the credibility of the resources support or undermine the article’s claims? How?

• Counterargument: Craft a counter or alternative argument to the argument presented in the Primary Argument Article for your chosen topic. You will support this position with the critical thinking skills you’ve learned throughout the course. Note: Your counterargument is not a reflection of your personal opinion in this matter.

1. Provide the argument details of your counterargument to the Primary Argument Article. Submit the claim that you are making in your alternative argument.
   • List at least two premises and a conclusion for your created argument.
   • Support your counterargument with evidence using the provided resources in the Additional Resources and Scholarly Resources sections found on the Final Project Topics and Resources page.
2. Explain the logic and reasoning used to advance the counterargument. In your response, address the following:
   • Identify the argument as inductive or deductive, explaining why.
   • Assess the argument for its strength and cogency (if inductive) or validity and soundness (if deductive).
   • Identify any weaknesses or gaps requiring additional research or support.
3. Explain how the counterargument contains or avoids bias. Provide specific examples to support your explanation.

What to Submit

Submit assignment as a 2- to 3-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. Sources should be cited using APA guidelines.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your Critical Essay

This assignment asks you to expand on the work you’ve already done in Milestone One by completing the Primary Argument and Counterargument sections for your critical essay. Let’s break down each part so you can effectively draft your essay.

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Step 1: Review Your Work So Far

Before diving into this milestone, review what you’ve already completed for your Primary Argument section (Parts A, B, and C). These are foundational for Parts D and E, which you will now complete. Understanding your current argument and the evidence you’ve used will give you a strong starting point for the next steps.

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Step 2: Completing Part D of the Primary Argument – Bias

In Part D, you need to explain how the argument in your Primary Argument Article contains or avoids bias. Here’s how you can approach it:

1. Identify any bias: Look at your Primary Argument Article and consider whether the author is showing any biases. Bias can appear in the selection of evidence, framing of issues, or language used.

   • Example: If the author uses selective data to support their claim while ignoring contradictory evidence, that could show bias.

   • Example: Look for emotionally charged language that appeals to readers’ feelings rather than logic.

2. Provide specific examples: Find concrete instances in the article where bias appears, or where bias is avoided. If the author presents a balanced view and considers opposing perspectives, that would be an example of avoiding bias.

   • Example: The article may show bias if it only quotes experts from a single viewpoint without considering those who oppose the argument.

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Step 3: Completing Part E of the Primary Argument – Credibility Assessment

In Part E, you’ll assess the credibility of the argument using frameworks like the Hierarchy of Reliability and CRAAPO.

1. Evaluate the resources: Using the CRAAPO method (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose, and Objectivity), assess whether the resources cited in the Primary Argument Article are scholarly and reliable.

   • Example: If the author uses outdated or biased sources, this could undermine the argument’s credibility. If they rely on peer-reviewed journals and reputable experts, this strengthens the argument.

2. Support or undermine the article’s claims: After evaluating the credibility, explain how the sources used in the article support or weaken its claims.

   • Example: A credible source may back up the article’s points, while a questionable source might introduce doubt into the argument.

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Step 4: Crafting the Counterargument

The next step is to craft your counterargument. This part requires you to create a new argument that challenges the Primary Argument Article you’ve reviewed. Here’s how to approach this:

1. Identify the main points of the original argument: Understand the key ideas and conclusions of the Primary Argument Article. Then, focus on any areas where the argument might be weak or incomplete.

2. Create your counterargument:

   • Premises: List two premises (supporting points) that lead to your conclusion.

     • Example: If the Primary Argument focuses on AI’s positive impact on creativity, your counterargument might claim that AI stifles creativity by relying on predetermined algorithms rather than human spontaneity.

   • Conclusion: State the claim your counterargument makes.

     • Example: AI technology should be used cautiously in creative fields to avoid limiting human innovation.

3. Support your counterargument with evidence: Use the provided scholarly resources to back up your counterargument.

   • Example: If arguing that AI limits creativity, cite articles showing how reliance on algorithms can suppress novel ideas.

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Step 5: Explaining the Logic and Reasoning Behind Your Counterargument

Next, explain the logic behind your counterargument:

1. Inductive or Deductive: Identify if your counterargument is inductive (based on probability and evidence) or deductive (based on valid reasoning leading to a sound conclusion).

   • Inductive: You may argue that most people in creative fields find AI tools stifling, which makes it probable that AI reduces creativity in those industries.

   • Deductive: If you argue that all AI tools follow rigid algorithms, and rigid algorithms limit creativity, then it follows that AI limits creativity.

2. Assess strength and validity: Evaluate how strong and valid your argument is:

   • Strength: If it’s inductive, is there sufficient evidence to make the argument convincing?

   • Validity: If it’s deductive, is the reasoning sound, and does the conclusion logically follow from the premises?

3. Weaknesses or gaps: Are there any gaps in your counterargument that need more research or evidence? Identify any weaknesses.

   • Example: If your counterargument lacks data on how AI affects creativity in specific industries, note this as an area for further exploration.

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Step 6: Bias in the Counterargument

Finally, address how your counterargument contains or avoids bias:

1. Avoiding bias: Ensure that your counterargument is logical and evidence-based, rather than emotional or selective.

   • Example: Avoid using extreme language or focusing only on negative aspects of AI without considering its potential benefits.

2. Bias in your argument: If your counterargument does show bias (e.g., only considering one side of the issue), point that out and be prepared to strengthen your argument by adding balanced perspectives.

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Step 7: Proofreading and Refining Your Draft

Once you’ve completed the Primary Argument and Counterargument sections:

1. Review your work for clarity, logical flow, and coherence. Ensure your premises and conclusions are clear and well-supported.

2. Check APA citations: Make sure you’re citing all sources properly in APA format.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming how organizations approach design thinking, product development, and innovation. This discussion will explore the concepts from the podcast “How AI is Influencing Design Thinking and Product Innovation” and connect them to the core themes of leadership, empathy, brainstorming, and collaboration covered in the first four weeks of the course.

Task 

This discussion focuses on analyzing the practical implications of AI in innovation and reflecting on how AI tools complement or challenge the design thinking process.

 In your initial post, address the following: 

• Summarize one or two key insights from the podcast “How AI is Influencing Design Thinking and Product Innovation.”
• Discuss how AI tools can be used in the design thinking process to enhance empathy, brainstorming, or prototyping.
•  Reflect on how AI aligns with the principles and concepts covered in the first four weeks:
  • Leadership: How can leaders integrate AI tools to drive innovation and support their teams?
  • Empathy: Does AI enhance or diminish the ability to understand user needs? Why?
  • Brainstorming and Collaboration: How can AI tools facilitate or hinder the ideation process?
• Based on your reflections, do you believe AI is a tool that enhances human creativity or a technology that risks replacing it? Why?

podcast url:

https://www.ey.com/en_gl/media/podcasts/better-innovation-invigorating-transformation-stories/2024/02/season-7-episode-4-how-ai-is-influencing-design-thinking-and-product-innovation

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your Assignment

Step 1: Listen to the Podcast Before you begin writing your post, make sure to listen to the podcast titled “How AI is Influencing Design Thinking and Product Innovation”. Pay close attention to the key insights and examples shared in the podcast. You need to understand how AI is influencing design thinking and product innovation to answer the questions in your assignment accurately. Take notes while listening so you can summarize the key points.

Step 2: Summarize Key Insights In your post, start by summarizing one or two key insights from the podcast. Choose the insights that resonate the most with you or seem most relevant to your course. For example:

• Insight 1: AI’s role in streamlining brainstorming by generating ideas quickly.

• Insight 2: How AI tools help prototype quickly and iterate more effectively.

Be clear and concise in your summary, as the focus is to demonstrate your understanding of the podcast content.

Step 3: Discuss AI Tools in the Design Thinking Process Now, reflect on how AI tools can enhance elements of the design thinking process such as empathy, brainstorming, and prototyping. Discuss each element briefly, ensuring you mention how AI can either support or enhance these stages.

• Empathy: Does AI help in understanding user needs by analyzing large data sets, or does it take away from the human touch needed for empathy?

• Brainstorming: Can AI generate creative ideas or assist in refining them? Or does it stifle human creativity?

• Prototyping: How can AI speed up prototyping or improve accuracy in the design phase?

Step 4: Link AI to Core Course Concepts Next, connect your reflections on AI with the key concepts you’ve learned in the first four weeks of the course:

• Leadership: How can AI be used by leaders to foster innovation? For instance, leaders might use AI to streamline processes, support decision-making, or inspire their teams.

• Empathy: Reflect on whether AI can enhance empathy in the design process. Does it support a better understanding of user needs, or is it limited in capturing the depth of human emotion and experience?

• Brainstorming and Collaboration: Discuss how AI can either help or hinder collaboration within teams. Can AI provide useful insights or streamline the ideation process, or does it limit free-flowing creativity?

Step 5: Personal Reflection Finally, end your post with a reflection on whether you believe AI is a tool that enhances human creativity or one that risks replacing it. This is a subjective opinion, so make sure you provide a reasoned argument for your viewpoint. For example:

• Enhancing Creativity: AI might provide new ways to visualize ideas and test prototypes, which can enhance creativity.

• Replacing Creativity: AI could potentially replace human creativity in certain tasks, limiting the need for human input.

Step 6: Proofread and Edit After you’ve written your post, take a few minutes to review your work. Ensure that your summary of the podcast is clear, your reflections on AI in the design thinking process are well-organized, and that your connection to leadership, empathy, and collaboration is well thought out. Make sure there are no grammar or spelling errors.

Assistance with  M2 Practitioner Application

1200 words 

ten (10) references, with at least three (3) being from scholarly academic journals

References must be prepared using the latest version of APA style

Word uploaded with instructions.

M2 Practitioner Application

 

Identifying Red and Blue Oceans

Your M2 Practitioner Application will require devoted inquiry, assimilation, reflection, and refinement in order to achieve the highest possible score. Specifically, you are to take the scenario listed below, address it in full, and submit your work in accordance with the instructions contained herein. This is an independent assignment to be completed by you and you alone. Sharing work with fellow students, supplying advice to your student peers, gaining assistance from outside parties, and similar actions will constitute violations of the academic code of conduct and will carry significant penalties in accordance with University policy.

The Challenge

M2 focuses significant attention on blue ocean strategy, defining both blue and red oceans and explaining the properties associated with each. Specifically, I’d like for you to examine healthcare offerings in the city of your choice and work to identify red oceans and blue oceans. (Note that you must select an actual city as this assignment requires an actual market investigation. Further, the city you select must be of sufficient size to have an active, thriving healthcare marketplace.) This will require achieving a deep understanding of red and blue oceans, coupled with an intensive understanding of the selected city, its healthcare providers, and their associated services. Research beyond that supplied by your readings, notably including field research, will be most helpful in this endeavor.

The Submission Requirement

Your submission in its entirety (i.e., all inclusive) must be AT LEAST 1200 words. It is to be typed (or pasted) directly into the M posting window, after which you will submit your work. After submission, students are advised to verify that the assignment was submitted successfully by revisiting the submission link in advance of the assignment deadline. (Warning: After the assignment deadline, do not return to the M1 Practitioner Application to check the status of your submission, as doing so can change the submission date, forcing issuance of penalties for lateness.) Note that attachments of any kind are prohibited and will carry no points value. Given the length of the submission, it is advised that students prepare it in a word processing program, and when finalized, copy and paste the text into the Moodle posting window. Moodle can be very finicky and often will distort formatting, so care must be taken in preparing your submission. It is understood that Moodle formatting is limited; simply make your submission look as nice as possible.

Submissions must incorporate a minimum of ten (10) references, with at least three (3) being from scholarly academic journals. (If you cannot ascertain whether a journal does or does not qualify as scholarly academic, contact the Noel Library and request assistance.) References must be prepared using the latest version of APA style, as referenced in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2020). You may purchase this manual from most any bookstore or from APA directly, or you may consult the many helpful online resources which demonstrate APA style. If you do make use of online guidance, just make sure that the associated websites indeed are providing information from the latest edition of the APA manual (7th Edition, 2020). Note that one should never simply copy-and-paste references from websites or other databases, as these frequently contain errors. Note also that relying on reference software for preparing references is high risk, as results sometimes do not conform with APA style. The safest way to ensure that your references are prepared correctly is to acquire the APA manual and then manually assemble your references following associated guidance. As Moodle formatting is limited, APA style applies only to the preparation and presentation of references. In-text citations, of course, must be included. Treat this as a formal report, rather than an informal web post. Incomplete or otherwise noncompliant reference sections which do not follow the guidance provided in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2020) will result in a 30-point deduction.

In presenting your work, identify the title, your name and student ID number, and submission date at the top of your submission and supply the following headings, exactly as they appear below, placing each in bold text:

• Introduction (In this section, supply a brief introduction, helping the reader grasp the intent of the forthcoming work.)
• Background

• City Profile(In this section, supply a brief overview of the city of focus, noting its name, population, demographic characteristics, and any other helpful background information.)
• Competitive Landscape(In this section, describe the state of competition in the marketplace by identifying key healthcare organizations, discussing medical services provided, and so on to paint a detailed picture of the given environment.)
  • Observations
• Red Oceans (In this section, identify and describe health and medical red oceans in the given city. Be sure to include justifications for your decisions.)
• Blue Oceans (In this section, identify and describe health and medical blue oceans in the given city. Be sure to include justifications for your decisions.)
  • Conclusions (In this section, summarize the report, being sure to express your perspectives on the potential of the associated market.)
  • References(In this section, supply a list of references conforming with the instructions listed elsewhere in this communication.)

Assessment Criteria

Your submission will be assessed based on the following:

• Compliance quality: The degree to which your submission complies with noted guidelines, including word count and reference specifications,
• Communication quality: The degree to which your work meets standards expected in business communications, including matters concerning the use of proper grammar and punctuation, and
• Content quality: The quality of the content presented in your work.

Take care when determining word counts; Moodle automatically supplies these details to instructors. If word count requirements are not met, a 30-point deduction is assessed. (Note that Moodle’s word count algorithm may differ from the one used by your word processor, presenting yet another reason supporting an early submission, affording adjustment opportunities, if needed.)

Also, take care to note the deadline for this assignment. Late submissions will be accepted for up to 24 hours beyond the deadline; however, a 30-point deduction for lateness will be assessed. Submissions received more than 24 hours beyond the deadline are automatically scored zero points.

Further, take care to note that submissions are to address the inquiry presented in the noted instructions in full. Alterations to the inquiry as presented herein are prohibited and will result in submissions being scored zero points.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

M2 Practitioner Application: Identifying Red and Blue Oceans in Healthcare

Name: [Your Name]
Student ID: [Your Student ID]
Submission Date: [Date]

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Introduction

This paper explores the application of the blue ocean strategy in the healthcare market, focusing on a specific city. By identifying the red and blue oceans, I will analyze the competitive landscape of the healthcare system in the chosen city. The objective is to determine areas of intense competition (red oceans) and uncover opportunities for differentiation and market innovation (blue oceans) within the healthcare sector. The analysis will provide valuable insights into how the city’s healthcare market operates and highlight opportunities for growth and improvement.

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Background

The blue ocean strategy is a business approach that encourages organizations to explore untapped market spaces, or “blue oceans,” where competition is minimal or non-existent, as opposed to “red oceans” where industries are saturated with fierce competition. In the healthcare sector, red oceans are characterized by highly competitive and overcrowded markets, while blue oceans are opportunities for innovation, often targeting underserved or unmet needs.

This paper will investigate the healthcare landscape in [City Name], a vibrant urban center known for its diverse population and growing healthcare needs. By studying the local market dynamics, healthcare providers, and patient demands, I will identify both competitive threats and innovative opportunities within the healthcare sector.

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City Profile

[City Name] is a rapidly growing metropolitan area with a population of approximately [Population Size]. The city has a diverse demographic composition, with residents from various ethnic, socio-economic, and cultural backgrounds. The median age of residents is [Median Age], and the population is steadily increasing due to both domestic migration and international immigration. The healthcare infrastructure of the city is robust, with a wide range of public and private healthcare facilities, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, specialty care centers, and long-term care facilities.

Notable health trends include a growing demand for [specific health services, e.g., elder care, mental health services, specialized surgical procedures], as well as the rising prevalence of [specific health issues, e.g., chronic diseases, obesity, mental health disorders]. The city’s healthcare system also faces challenges related to [access to care, affordability, quality, etc.].

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Competitive Landscape

The competitive healthcare landscape in [City Name] is shaped by several key players in the market. Prominent healthcare organizations include [list of major hospitals and health systems], which offer a variety of medical services ranging from emergency care to specialized treatments. The competition within the city is fierce, particularly in areas such as [specialty care, urgent care, surgical procedures, etc.] where numerous providers vie for the same patient pool.

Public health initiatives, insurance companies, and private practices all contribute to the competitive dynamics of the healthcare system. Healthcare providers are not only competing for patients but also for skilled medical professionals, advanced technologies, and access to resources. This has led to an intensifying struggle to maintain market share, with each provider striving to offer unique services or differentiated care to stand out from competitors.

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Observations

Red Oceans

Red oceans in the healthcare market of [City Name] are evident in areas where competition is particularly intense. These include the following sectors:

1. Emergency Care Services: Multiple hospitals and urgent care centers within close proximity often compete for emergency patients. Due to the critical nature of these services, providers focus on speed and efficiency, but this leads to a saturated market with little differentiation in the quality of care provided.

2. General Healthcare Services: Primary care and general health services in urban areas are typically overcrowded, with numerous providers offering similar services. These services include routine check-ups, vaccinations, and general consultations. Many of these services have become commodified, and patients often make choices based on cost or convenience rather than service differentiation.

3. Specialized Treatments: The demand for specialized healthcare services such as oncology, cardiology, and orthopedic care is high, resulting in a highly competitive environment. Leading hospitals and healthcare systems vie for patient trust, referrals, and insurance contracts, leaving little room for new entrants to disrupt the market.

These red oceans create a challenging environment for healthcare providers looking to innovate or stand out, as patients have many choices with similar offerings and benefits.

Blue Oceans

Conversely, blue oceans represent opportunities for healthcare providers to create differentiated services in underexplored or underserved markets. The following areas represent potential blue oceans in [City Name]:

1. Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare Services: The increasing adoption of telemedicine has opened up opportunities for healthcare providers to offer remote consultations, follow-up care, and chronic disease management. This has proven especially valuable for underserved populations or patients in rural areas who may struggle to access in-person care.

2. Mental Health Services: Mental health continues to be an underappreciated aspect of healthcare in many urban centers. In [City Name], mental health services are becoming more critical as the population faces increasing stress, anxiety, and depression. Healthcare providers who focus on offering holistic mental health support, such as therapy, counseling, and community-based mental health initiatives, could differentiate themselves from competitors.

3. Preventive and Wellness Programs: Programs aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing chronic diseases, and improving overall well-being present a growing blue ocean. This includes weight loss clinics, fitness programs, dietary counseling, and smoking cessation programs. Given the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease, there is significant potential for services that focus on prevention rather than treatment.

4. Personalized Medicine and Genomics: Advances in genetic testing and personalized treatment plans based on an individual’s unique genetic makeup represent a significant blue ocean in healthcare. Providers who can offer precision medicine services could tap into a growing niche market of patients seeking tailored treatments for conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and genetic disorders.

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Conclusions

In conclusion, the healthcare market in [City Name] offers both challenges and opportunities for healthcare providers. The red oceans represent highly competitive, saturated areas where differentiation is difficult, but blue oceans present exciting prospects for innovation and growth. By leveraging technological advancements, addressing underserved patient needs, and offering differentiated services, healthcare providers in [City Name] can move toward blue oceans and escape the constraints of red oceans. Future research and strategic planning should focus on identifying and developing these blue ocean opportunities to improve patient care while fostering business growth.

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References

1. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

2. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

3. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

4. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

5. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

6. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

7. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

8. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

9. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

10. [Author Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. DOI/Publisher]

(Ensure your references are properly formatted according to APA 7th edition.)

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This structure will help you thoroughly address the assignment and ensure that all key points are covered.

Annotated Bibliography

-Create an annotated bibliography that uses 6 peer-reviewed articles that were published in the last 5 years.

-6 annotations that include APA citations and 200-300 words per annotation, plus a cover page and reference list.

-Submit turn it in report

-Format: 12-point font, Times New Roman, and double-spaced.

-Be sure to follow Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition for citations.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

An annotated bibliography requires summarizing and evaluating scholarly sources. Follow these structured steps to ensure your work is properly formatted and insightful.

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Step 1: Gather Your Sources

• Find 6 peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last 5 years.

• Ensure they are relevant to your research topic.

• Use academic databases like Google Scholar, JSTOR, PubMed, or EBSCOhost.

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Step 2: Structure Your Annotated Bibliography

1. Cover Page

• Follow Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) formatting.

• Include title, your name, course name, instructor’s name, and date.

2. Annotations (6 total, each 200-300 words)

Each annotation should include:

1. APA Citation (for annotation section)

2. Summary – Outline the main argument, methodology, and key findings.

3. Evaluation – Assess the article’s credibility, strengths, and limitations.

4. Relevance – Explain how this article contributes to your research.

Example Annotation Format:

Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Journal Name, vol. X, no. X, Year, pp. XX-XX. DOI or URL.

This study examines… (Summarize key arguments, methodology, and findings). The authors argue that… (Provide main conclusions).

This article is valuable because… (Evaluate credibility, strengths, and weaknesses).

This research is useful for my study on… (Explain relevance to your topic).

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Step 3: Reference List

• Format citations according to Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).

• Arrange references alphabetically by the author’s last name.

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Step 4: Submit a Turnitin Report

• Run your final document through Turnitin to check for originality.

By following this guide, you’ll create a well-organized and properly formatted annotated bibliography that meets academic standards!

Please observe Fortune’s World’s Greatest Leaders list of top 10 leaders (All candidates had to be currently active, so retirees or recently deceased leaders such as Nelson Mandela were not considered). Please choose one of the below leaders and write your discussion post on what qualities this leader holds to have made this list.

1. Pope Francis, pontiff, Catholic Church
2. Angela Merkel, chancellor, Germany
3. Alan Mulally, CEO, Ford Motor Co.
4. Warren Buffett, CEO, Berkshire Hathaway
5. Former President Bill Clinton, founder, The Clinton Foundation
6. Aung San Suu Kyi, chair, National League for Democracy
7. Gen. Joe Dunford, Commander, U.S. Forces, Afghanistan
8. Bono, lead singer, U2
9. Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of the Tibetan people
10. Jeff Bezos, CEO, Amazon.com

Once you choose a leader, complete the following in order to express what leadership traits they hold and why:

• Find & Post (or post a link to) a concept of Communication for Effective Leadership (photo, short video, brief piece of writing, song, etc -related to this weeks chapter(s).
• Analyze the object according to requirements for the week.
• Make a connection to the readings, videos or recordings for the week.
• Each post should be at least 2 paragraphs in length.

SOURCES:

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

This discussion post requires you to analyze the leadership qualities of a Fortune-listed leader while connecting them to effective communication concepts from this week’s readings. Follow these structured steps to craft a strong response.

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Step 1: Choose a Leader from the List

• Select a leader whose leadership style and impact resonate with you.

• Research their leadership traits, communication strategies, and influence.

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Step 2: Find a Communication Concept for Effective Leadership

• Look for a photo, video, article, or song related to leadership communication.

• Ensure it reflects key themes from this week’s materials (e.g., active listening, emotional intelligence, persuasion, vision).

• Post the link or image along with your discussion.

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Step 3: Structure Your Discussion Post

Paragraph 1: Introduction & Leadership Traits

• Introduce your chosen leader and explain why they made the list.

• Identify key leadership traits that set them apart (e.g., vision, integrity, decisiveness, adaptability).

• Example: Angela Merkel’s pragmatic decision-making and calm leadership during the European financial crisis showcased her resilience and strategic thinking.

Paragraph 2: Leadership & Communication

• Discuss how this leader uses communication effectively (e.g., speeches, diplomacy, negotiation skills).

• Connect their communication style to the concept you found (video, article, song, etc.).

• Provide a link to the week’s readings/videos to reinforce your points.

• Example: Pope Francis uses inclusive and compassionate language, aligning with the concept of servant leadership discussed in this week’s readings.

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Step 4: Cite Sources & Include a Link

• Use in-text citations when referencing readings/videos.

• Provide a link to the communication object you analyzed.

By following this guide, you’ll create a well-structured, insightful discussion post that effectively highlights the chosen leader’s communication strengths!

Read Chapter 11

Answer each question separately, citing the chapter concepts.

1. How has the media affect the view of stereotypes regarding intercultural​ communication?

2. Stereotypes are how we learn about national culture. What are the advantages and limitations of stereotypes during​ negotiations?

3. What are the limitations of stereotypes during​ negotiations?

4. Explain how gender can have an impact on successful negotiation. Identify cultures in which women are treated as equals at the negotiation table and cultures in which they are not.

5. Explain what is meant by personal constructs and how they affect the negotiation process.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

This assignment requires you to analyze how stereotypes and cultural constructs influence intercultural communication and negotiation. Follow this structured approach to ensure clarity and depth in your responses.

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Step 1: Read Chapter 11 Thoroughly

• Identify key concepts related to media influence, stereotypes, gender roles, and personal constructs in negotiation.

• Highlight relevant examples, theories, and case studies for citation.

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Step 2: Structure Your Responses

Question 1: Media Influence on Stereotypes in Intercultural Communication

• Explain how media shapes perceptions of cultural groups through films, news, and social media.

• Discuss positive and negative effects, such as reinforcing biases vs. fostering cultural awareness.

• Cite examples from Chapter 11 (e.g., how media portrays certain ethnic groups in negotiations).

Question 2: Advantages & Limitations of Stereotypes in Negotiations

• Advantages:

  • Provide a general cultural framework for understanding negotiation styles.

  • Help predict behaviors based on cultural norms.

• Limitations:

  • Risk of overgeneralization and misinterpretation.

  • Can hinder adaptability if negotiators rely too much on stereotypes.

• Use Chapter 11 concepts to support your points.

Question 3: Limitations of Stereotypes in Negotiations

• Explain how stereotypes create barriers, leading to miscommunication and conflict.

• Discuss how they ignore individual differences within a culture.

• Provide real-world examples (e.g., assuming all Asian cultures value indirect communication).

Question 4: Gender and Negotiation

• Discuss gender roles in negotiations and how perceptions of authority differ across cultures.

• Identify cultures where women are treated as equals (e.g., Scandinavian countries) vs. where they face limitations (e.g., some Middle Eastern and Asian cultures).

• Use Chapter 11 references to support cultural comparisons.

Question 5: Personal Constructs in Negotiation

• Define personal constructs as mental frameworks individuals use to interpret situations.

• Explain how these constructs shape negotiation strategies, expectations, and biases.

• Example: A negotiator with a competitive mindset may view concessions as weakness, while a collaborative mindset sees them as necessary for mutual gain.

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Step 3: Cite Chapter 11 Concepts Properly

• Use in-text citations when referring to specific ideas.

• Example: “According to Chapter 11, media representation influences cultural biases by reinforcing dominant narratives (Author, Year, p. X).”

By following this guide, you’ll develop well-structured, analytical responses that effectively engage with course material!

DO NOT USE AI

Based on your reflection AND course readings, please complete the following assignment.  

This last assignment will give you the opportunity to examine your preconceived notions of what artistic expression is, linked to the course learning outcomes.  You will answer your questions based on your reflection, knowledge and readings from this course. The goal is to compare and contrast changes you have had in your attitudes, values, beliefs, norms and social practices as related to cultural forms of artistic expression.

Instructions

Answer each of the questions below in specific and concrete manner. Each answer should be at least one solid paragraph. It is required that you justify/support your answers by connecting them to readings and course material.

Steps:

1. Work on the questions below
2. Answer in specific manner by making specific connections between your course assigned readings/ videos and your reflection. Please add in-text citations and/or reference(s).

 Questions:

1. What does Artistic Expression have to do with communication? And, what role does artistic expression play in local and global societies? Please give an example.
2. Distinguish between artistic form and decorative form/craft. What criteria are used to determine what a work of art is? Discuss what constitutes “art.” What is Creativity? How does Creativity relate to Artistic Expression?
3. What are propaganda and persuasion, and what are some differences between them?
4. What is the relationship between Art and Power? And, why art has the power to change the world?
5. Is artistic expression universal throughout human culture? Why? How does art from other cultures inform you?
   

   Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

   This assignment requires you to critically analyze artistic expression while integrating course readings and your personal reflections. Follow this structured guide to develop clear, well-supported responses.

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   Step 1: Understand the Assignment Requirements

   • Each response must be at least one solid paragraph with specific connections to course readings/videos using in-text citations and references.

   • Your answers should reflect changes in your attitudes, values, and beliefs regarding artistic expression.

   Step 2: Structure Your Responses

   Question 1: Artistic Expression and Communication

   • Define artistic expression and how it conveys meaning.

   • Explain its role in local and global societies (e.g., art as activism, storytelling, cultural identity).

   • Example: Discuss how street art (e.g., Banksy’s work) serves as a form of social commentary.

   • Support your answer with course readings/videos.

   Question 2: Artistic Form vs. Decorative Form

   • Define artistic form (expresses deeper meaning/emotion) vs. decorative form (aesthetic purpose).

   • Discuss criteria that determine what qualifies as art (e.g., intent, originality, cultural significance).

   • Define creativity and explain how it fuels artistic expression.

   • Example: Compare Picasso’s Guernica (artistic form) to handcrafted pottery (decorative craft).

   Question 3: Propaganda vs. Persuasion

   • Define both terms and explain their differences.

   • Discuss how propaganda manipulates emotions while persuasion encourages critical thinking.

   • Example: Contrast WWII propaganda posters with public service announcements.

   Question 4: Art and Power

   • Discuss the relationship between art and societal influence.

   • Explain how art challenges authority and drives social change.

   • Example: Analyze how protest songs (e.g., Bob Dylan’s The Times They Are a-Changin’) shaped political movements.

   Question 5: Universality of Artistic Expression

   • Argue whether artistic expression is universal across cultures.

   • Explain how art from different cultures provides insight into their history and values.

   • Example: Discuss how Indigenous art preserves traditions and narratives.

   Step 3: Cite Your Sources

   • Use in-text citations and include a reference list at the end.

   • Example of an in-text citation: (Author, Year, p. X)

   By following this guide, you’ll craft well-supported, insightful responses that effectively integrate course materials!

Watch a film of your choice and critique two scenes using two elements of film grammar we’ve learned this semester. Does the film work? A mixed success? A failure? You may explain how the film has inventive camerawork but suffers as a story, for example; or you might praise the costumes but give thumbs down to the acting. The requirements:

1. You may not use an MCU or DC adaptation or any comic book or graphic novel adaptation. Too easy!
2. Your film must have been made before 2010.

Prove your points by citing your film. Be sure to name the personnel (director, cinematographer, visual designer, etc.) when relevant.

Your reflection must be 1-2 pages long. Do not use terms like “I believe,” “personally,” “I think,” “I feel.” Do not use first person. Don’t evaluate these films (“Night of the Living Dead is a hilarious film”). Avoid a casual, chatty, gossipy tone.

Finally, your abstracts should mention in the first sentence what arguments you’ll make about your film.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Writing a strong film critique requires a clear structure, precise arguments, and a formal tone. Follow this step-by-step guide to ensure your paper meets the assignment’s requirements and stands out.

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Step 1: Choose an Appropriate Film

• Select a film made before 2010 that is not an MCU, DC, or comic/graphic novel adaptation.

• Pick a film with strong technical elements that you can analyze critically.

Step 2: Watch the Film and Take Notes

• Focus on two specific scenes.

• Identify two film grammar elements (e.g., cinematography, mise-en-scène, editing, lighting, sound design).

• Take notes on key moments that support your critique.

Step 3: Develop a Clear Thesis Statement

• Your first sentence should summarize your argument about the film’s success, mixed success, or failure.

• Example: While the film’s cinematography is inventive, its weak character development hinders its effectiveness.

Step 4: Structure Your Paper

Introduction (1 Paragraph)

• Introduce the film (title, director, year of release).

• Present your thesis statement.

• Mention the two film grammar elements you will analyze.

Body Paragraph 1: First Scene Analysis

• Briefly describe the scene.

• Explain how the first film grammar element is used (e.g., “The cinematography in this scene creates tension through handheld camera movements.”).

• Cite relevant film personnel (director, cinematographer, etc.).

• Analyze how this technique impacts the film’s overall effectiveness.

Body Paragraph 2: Second Scene Analysis

• Describe the second scene.

• Analyze the second film grammar element (e.g., “The lighting in this sequence enhances the film’s dramatic tone.”).

• Cite key personnel involved.

• Connect this analysis to your thesis.

Conclusion (1 Paragraph)

• Summarize your key points.

• Reinforce your overall evaluation of the film (success, mixed success, or failure).

• End with a strong closing statement.

Step 5: Follow the Writing Guidelines

Write in third person (avoid “I believe,” “I think,” “I feel”).
Use a formal tone (avoid casual or chatty language).
Provide specific examples and citations.
Keep your reflection 1-2 pages long.

By following these steps, you’ll craft a well-structured, analytical critique that meets the assignment’s expectations!

In this assignment, you will be able to describe different cultures’ views on criminal justice professionals and identify incidents of misunderstandings. You will also be able to explain the current professional practices as well as the best practices that can help create cultural sensitivity in criminal justice professionals.

Prompt

At the beginning of the term, you discussed Culture in Communication and the ways in which individual implicit bias and stereotyping can lead to negative interactions between law enforcement professionals and members of the community. You then developed your own diversity training to assist sworn officers in reducing these incidents. Understanding the need for cultural awareness and sensitivity in law enforcement can help bridge the gap as well as build trust between sworn professionals and the community. This will also assist you in completed Module Five Assignment One in this module.

In Project One, you chose a civilian role. In Project Three, your success in the first project has been recognized, and you will be asked to provide a report to the “Office of Accountability,” which would like to hear your thoughts on other relevant issues.

To help prepare you for this report, in this assignment you will focus on one culture or subculture and how its views of and past misunderstandings with criminal justice professionals might impact interactions between the groups. Choose a culture or subculture group other than your own that you would like to examine further. For each section below, provide the following:

Views

Summarize, in 150–300 words, an example of each of the following:

• Viewpoints your chosen culture or subculture group might have about criminal justice professionals
• An explanation of why this group might hold those views

Misunderstandings

Provide an example of a misunderstanding this culture or subculture group has had with criminal justice professionals. You may wish to consider one of the following areas. (Hint: You will need to provide an example of each of these areas in Project Three, so you may want to choose one of them now.)

• Language
• Religion/Beliefs
• Deafness
• Illiteracy

Professional Practices

Next, explore each of the professional practices listed below. For each practice, in 50–100 words, describe the practice and then bullet point some of the possible outcomes of instituting it. This will help prepare you to explore each of these practices and make recommendations to the “Office of Accountability” in Project Three. Refer to the Professional Practices Example PDF document for expectations and formatting guidelines for this section of the assignment.

• Understanding the public
• Diversity training
• Procedural justice
• Police legitimacy
• Diverse hiring practices

Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:

1. Explore the viewpoints of a culture or subculture group and why that group might hold those views.
2. Provide an example of a misunderstanding between a culture or subculture group and criminal justice professionals.
3. Describe professional practices and possible outcomes.
   

   Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

   Views of the Hispanic/Latino Community Toward Criminal Justice Professionals

   The Hispanic/Latino community has historically held mixed viewpoints regarding law enforcement and the broader criminal justice system. Many members of this community view criminal justice professionals with suspicion due to historical incidents of racial profiling, excessive use of force, and immigration enforcement policies that disproportionately affect them. Fear of deportation, even among legal residents, further complicates interactions with law enforcement, leading to a lack of trust and reluctance to report crimes.

   Additionally, many Hispanic/Latino individuals perceive law enforcement as overly aggressive in their communities while offering less protection compared to other neighborhoods. This perception is reinforced by high-profile cases of police misconduct and an underrepresentation of Hispanic/Latino officers in law enforcement agencies. Cultural differences, language barriers, and a lack of familiarity with legal rights contribute to miscommunications that fuel distrust. These issues highlight the need for improved cultural awareness, better outreach programs, and community engagement to build stronger relationships between law enforcement and the Hispanic/Latino community.

   Example of a Misunderstanding: Language Barriers in Law Enforcement

   One major misunderstanding between the Hispanic/Latino community and criminal justice professionals involves language barriers. A notable example occurred in 2010 in Arizona when a Spanish-speaking man was detained and questioned without a translator present. The officers, assuming he was being uncooperative due to his inability to respond in English, escalated the situation, resulting in unnecessary use of force. This misunderstanding could have been avoided if the officers had access to language interpretation services or had received proper training on handling non-English-speaking individuals.

   Language barriers often lead to misinterpretations of intent, confusion over legal rights, and heightened tensions. Many Hispanic/Latino individuals may be unfamiliar with legal terminology or may not fully understand their rights, leading to compliance issues that officers misinterpret as resistance. Providing multilingual officers or interpreters can help bridge this gap and prevent such misunderstandings in the future.

   Professional Practices and Their Outcomes

   Understanding the Public

   Understanding the cultural backgrounds and concerns of the communities served is crucial for law enforcement.

   Strengthens relationships between officers and community members.

   Reduces fear and distrust of law enforcement.

   Encourages cooperation in investigations and crime prevention.

   Diversity Training

   Diversity training helps law enforcement professionals understand different cultural perspectives and biases that affect policing.

   Enhances officers’ ability to interact respectfully with diverse communities.

   Reduces incidents of racial profiling and discrimination.

   Improves officers’ cultural competence and sensitivity.

   Procedural Justice

   Procedural justice emphasizes fairness, transparency, and respectful treatment in law enforcement interactions.

   Builds public trust and cooperation.

   Reduces complaints and use-of-force incidents.

   Encourages community members to report crimes and assist investigations.

   Police Legitimacy

   Police legitimacy refers to the public’s belief that law enforcement operates fairly and ethically.

   Increases voluntary compliance with laws.

   Enhances officer safety by reducing confrontational interactions.

   Strengthens overall community relations and security.

   Diverse Hiring Practices

   Recruiting officers from diverse backgrounds ensures law enforcement reflects the communities they serve.

   Encourages better communication between officers and civilians.

   Reduces implicit bias and stereotyping within departments.

   Promotes community confidence in law enforcement.

   By implementing these professional practices, law enforcement agencies can foster positive relationships with culturally diverse communities, ensuring justice is served fairly and effectively.

The goal of this project is for you to take the problem/issue/question from your intended field that you worked with in Project 2, and use it to develop an academic literature review and proposal of the genre this literature review is MEANT for (i.e. this literature review would go into a grant application, or a study proposal, or an IRB application, etc.).Literature reviews are a particular genre that helps researchers across disciplines position their work within larger scholarly conversations, so that readers can understand the relevance of a project or argument.  Often composed as parts of larger projects (to frame research proposals, as an overview of best practices, as part of a longer publication or as a standalone meta-review), writers use literature reviews to synthesize information, compare and contrast ideas, and clearly describe relationships between well-cited texts to present their own work accurately and persuasively in the context of the scholarly conversation. Ito draw on some of those methods to conduct your research for this .The skill of writing this common scholarly genre is one that will be of use to writers in nearly all disciplines. We will engage with focused analysis of this genre to develop familiarity with the specific writerly moves needed to compose it with confidence.

Learning Objectives

• Conduct secondary research to investigate a research question, problem or issue in a profession, field, or discourse community (RESEARCH).
• Analyze the genre of the literature review from the student’s discipline or profession to understand the ways professionals in the field engage with and rhetorical conventions they use to communicate their research and findings (READ).
• Use a flexible writing process and varied technologies to compose a scholarly literature review that attends to the expected organization, format, and style of the assignment ().
• Use reflective writing to describe developing knowledge about writing (especially writing in one’s discipline or profession) and about oneself as a writer (including one’s ability to plan, monitor, and evaluate one’s writing process and texts) (REFLECT).

Task

????For this , you will continue your work with the research problem/issue/question you’ve been working with in Projects 1 and 2.  For most, you will begin by presenting a brief introduction of the major historical developments contributing to this topic in your field, and then spend the rest of the Literature Review mapping out the contemporary work being done on the topic. Alternative approaches are certainly valid but should be decided in consultation with your instructor.By the time you begin working on drafting your literature review, you will have already done most of the significant work required for this project. You will have identified and revised research questions, identified key texts, created a working bibliography, and organized notes to help you synthesize sources and identify gaps, questions, problems, or tensions in the scholarly conversation.To develop a revised, literature review , we will continue to move through several smaller, yet still formal scaffolding steps:

• Developing a detailed genre analysis of literature reviews
• Examining syntax and transitions at a sentence level
• Submitting a draft for peer review, and
• Using that peer and teacher feedback to work through – and sentence-level revision and to craft the literature review for a specific audience and purpose.

In your literature review, you will follow the standard genre conventions uncovered during our early analyses. At minimum, your review should include a discussion of the central topic you are investigating and at least two sub-topics that help you focus your research, but it can have more.As implied above, we will review examples of published literature reviews to analyze how writers organize discussions of a major topic and then help readers navigate through a set of related sub-topics. We will also discuss how to frame sources such that readers understand the “broader conversation” about these topics and sub-topics, and how to establish a “scholarly niche” for yourself–a corner of the conversation you would be interested in entering as a professional.

Reflective Memo

“I suppose I think this reflection is so important because without it, we live the stories others have scripted for us: in a most unreflective, unhealthy way. And I think the stories we make-whether inside the classroom or out, whether externalized or not-construct us, one by one by one. Cumulatively. So I think it’s important to tell lots of stories where we get to construct many selves for us to attempt, some we continue to inhabit.”Kathleen Yancey, Reflection in the Writing Classroom, p. 53Your final  for this project must also include a 350- to 500-word reflective memo addressed to either yourself or your instructor. This memo will tell the story of your learning and writing during this project. Please address the following prompts in your reflection:

• What were your personal goals for the project? How would you rate your progress toward those goals?
• How would you rate your progress toward achieving the project’s learning outcomes (listed below)?
• Tell your story of learning in this project. Relate one or more key moments from class, from your independent work, or from communicating with peers or the instructor. How has your work on this project connected with what you already knew/know? Is this what you expected to learn? Why or why not? What else do you need to learn? How will you go about learning it?

Evaluation

????

• Write an introduction that includes brief context and a mapping statement for this literature review.
• Integrate discussion of a minimum of 8 scholarly sources relevant to your research question.
• Write body  (as many as needed) synthesizing the secondary sources you’ve located and evaluated for this project
• Write a paragraph or two in which you indicate/propose a specific academic genre where you might plan for this literature review to go, as well as providing a rationale for why this proposed genre would be a good fit for your project.
• Cite your sources, both throughout the project and in a works cited or references section, using the citation conventions appropriate to your field (I.e., MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.)
• Design and format your project for accessibility. Use section (H1) and (if necessary) subsection (H2) headers to organize your content.
• Revise and edit your writing, preparing a clear final draft (2500-3000 words) for submission.
• Reflect on your research and writing process and learning and compose your post-project reflective memo following the guidelines for that task. Submit your memo to Canvas along with your final version of your project

https://docs.google.com/file/d/1tynR9HbyiWmNZ-mTmep1UGMhiBqIuvXD/edit?usp=docslist_api&filetype=msword
this is the intro, be sure to follow directions very carefully and relate it to the research question in my previous projects.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1: Understand the Purpose of a Literature Review

A literature review synthesizes existing research on a topic, highlighting key findings, debates, and gaps. Your review should:

• Present a historical overview of your research topic.
• Analyze contemporary scholarly discussions.
• Identify trends, patterns, and gaps in research.
• Position your own research within the broader academic conversation.

Step 2: Develop a Clear Research Question

Since your literature review builds on previous projects, ensure your research question is well-defined. For example: “How do forensic psychology assessments, such as the PCL-R, contribute to understanding criminal behavior and recidivism risk?”

Step 3: Outline Your Literature Review

Introduction

• Briefly introduce your topic and its significance.
• Provide historical context leading up to the current scholarly conversation.
• Present your research question and objectives.
• Outline how the literature review is structured.

Body Sections

Organize your discussion into clear themes or sub-topics. Each section should synthesize findings from multiple sources.

1. Historical Context of Forensic Psychology Assessments
   • Trace the development of psychopathy assessments.
   • Discuss early models vs. contemporary tools like the PCL-R and PPI-R.
2. Key Components of the PCL-R and its Relevance
   • Explain Factor 1 (Interpersonal/Affective) and Factor 2 (Lifestyle/Antisocial).
   • Compare how these factors relate to criminal behavior.
3. Application of Psychopathy Assessments in Criminal Justice
   • Discuss how forensic psychologists use these tools.
   • Analyze their role in predicting recidivism and shaping rehabilitation programs.
4. Debates and Limitations in the Literature
   • Highlight key debates (e.g., effectiveness, ethical concerns).
   • Identify gaps in research (e.g., how assessments influence sentencing decisions).

Conclusion

• Summarize the key findings from your literature review.
• Highlight the importance of your research question.
• Identify potential directions for future research.

Step 4: Specify the Academic Genre for Your Review

Since literature reviews are used in various contexts, state where yours would fit best. Possible options include:

• Grant Applications (if proposing new research funding).
• Study Proposals (if outlining a new empirical investigation).
• IRB Applications (if dealing with ethical considerations in human studies).

Provide a brief rationale for your choice.

Step 5: Cite Your Sources Properly

Ensure that you integrate a minimum of eight scholarly sources and format citations correctly using APA, MLA, or Chicago style.

Step 6: Revise, Edit, and Proofread

• Check for logical flow, clarity, and coherence.
• Ensure smooth transitions between sections.
• Proofread for grammar, punctuation, and formatting.

Step 7: Write Your Reflective Memo (350-500 Words)

Address the following:

• Your personal goals for the project and progress toward them.
• How well you achieved the project’s learning outcomes.
• Key moments in your learning process.
• Connections between this project and your prior knowledge.
• What you still need to learn and how you plan to do so.

Following these steps will help you create a well-structured and insightful literature review. Good luck!