Part 3: Fragmentation, Synthesis, and Struggles for Power in the Medieval Period

Part 3: Fragmentation, Synthesis, and Struggles for Power in the Medieval Period (750 – 1340). outlines are attached to help navigate the chapters (9-12). textbook information will be given once assigned.
Short Answer Responses for Part III Test: In 1-2 paragraphs (at most) answer each of the following questions. Need to include at least 1 assigned historical document (primary source which are the documents in the ebook).
Please use course-assigned resources only. The primary sources, lecture slides, textbook chapters 9-12, etc., should be utilized for support. The primary source documents need to be utilized where indicated (the actual document, rather than the intro material or other secondary materials). Every question requires support from course resources. Make your source use clear.
The lecture slides and the historical documents in the textbook online should be relied upon the most for this assignment
All questions are considered and answered thoroughly. Answers are given with analytical reference to specific documents, events, developments and / or persons. In other words use specific examples and whenever possible incorporate the assigned documents into your answer. The events / developments/ or persons under review are considered in relation to what else was happening in the western and or non western world at the time. Use only the sources given (textbook, given primary docs in textbook, lecture slides).
Lecture Slides to Use: Chapter 9: Lecture Slide: Charlemagne, Renaissances, and Vikings, Chapter 10: Lecture Slides for Commerce, Crusades, and Controversy in the Medieval Period, Chapter 11: Lecture Slides Consolidation of Power in the west, Chapter 12: Lecture Slide Control and Exclusivity and the end of the Middle Ages
Questions:
Why would Pope Leo III decide to crown Charlemagne Emperor (the first Holy Roman Emperor) in 800?
Describe the way in which cities were formed and the economic, political, and social impact of the Commercial Revolution.
What did the Investiture Conflict and the First Crusade illuminate about the power of the medieval papacy?
Describe the ways in which Philip II of France, Henry II of England and Frederick I (Barbarossa) of German States (Holy Roman Empire Realm) each tried to consolidate their control over their realms.