Answer TWO (2) of the following three essays. Do not do extras; they will not be

Answer TWO (2) of the following three essays. Do not do extras; they will not be graded.

ESSAY QUESTION 1: How does knowing details about the lives of those on the Underground Railroad add to our understanding of both Antebellum America and the controversies over slavery, as well as the lives of the enslaved themselves? Use examples from both the Gay and Still collections to show the concrete effects that the legal developments of the 1850s had on ordinary people. In your answer, you should use concrete details from the stories of at least THREE (3) interviews in Gay and THREE (3) interviews from Still. Please cite them individually, as below. You should also explain the background of the Underground Railroad, as well as how the Compromise of 1850 had made its journeys more difficult. You may wish to bring in secondary sources as well; a few are listed below.
William Still, “Journal C of Station No. 2 of the Underground Railroad, Agent William Still, 1852-1857,” https://hsp.org/sites/default/files/attachments/stilljournalcmasterusethisversion.pdf .Links to an external site.
Sydney Howard Gay, “Record of Fugitives,” ed. Eric Foner, (1855), https://exhibitions.library.columbia.edu/exhibits/show/fugitives/record_fugitives/transcriiption .Links to an external site.
Eric Foner, “Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad,” (2015),
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxinSw1WdEILinks to an external site.
.
Diane D. Turner. “William Still’s National Significance.” Temple University Libraries, http://stillfamily.library.temple.edu/exhibits/show/william-still/historical-perspective/william-still—s-national-sig.Links to an external site.
Jennifer Schuessler. “Words From the Past Illuminate a State on the Way to Freedom.” New York Times, Jan. 14, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/15/books/eric-foner-revisits-myths-of-the-underground-railroad.htmlLinks to an external site..

ESSAY QUESTION 2: Over the period 1830-1861, both the attacks on slavery and the defense of the institution changed significantly. How did the 1850s-era attacks on slavery differ from those of the earlier period (1830s)? How did pro-slavery arguments change in response? Why did both pro-slavery forces and anti-slavery activists characterize their opposition as possessed of vast, shadowy powers? How did the slavery issue intrude into other US political controversies in the period? In your answer, you should quote directly from at least FIVE (5) sources from the list below. Use the “quote sandwich” method of quoting your sources.
“William Lloyd Garrison Introduces The Liberator,” (1831), https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ushistory1os/chapter/primary-source-william-lloyd-garrison-introduces-the-liberator-1831/ .Links to an external site.
“Two Reports on the Texas Revolution”: John W. Hall, “The Settlers’ Call to Arms” (1836); Lt. Col. José Enrique de la Peña, “On the Texas Uprising and the Battle of the Alamo,” (1836), [PDF] Download Two Reports on the Texas Revolution”: John W. Hall, “The Settlers’ Call to Arms” (1836); Lt. Col. José Enrique de la Peña, “On the Texas Uprising and the Battle of the Alamo,” (1836), [PDF].
W. Barrett Travis, “Letter form the Alamo,” March 3, 1835, [PDF] Download W. Barrett Travis, “Letter form the Alamo,” March 3, 1835, [PDF].
Angelina Grimké, Letter to the Liberator (Aug. 2, 1837), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 470.
Catharine Beecher, An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism (1837), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 471.
Joseph Taper, Letter to Joseph Long (1840), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 420.
Frederick Douglass, “Flaming Abolition Speech, Given by the Escaped Slave Frederick Douglass,” (1847), https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/frederick-douglass-and-abraham-lincoln/sources/95.Links to an external site.
Abraham Lincoln, “Lincoln’s Spot Resolution,” (1847), https://history.house.gov/Records-and-Research/Listing/lfp_037/ Links to an external site. [click “view transcriipt” at right].
William Lyman and Others, “Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness (1850), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 514.
De Bow’s Review, “Slavery and the Bible” (1850), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 421.
Roger Taney, “Opinion of the Court, Dred Scott Decision (1857), in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 503.
Abraham Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address,” (Mar. 4, 1861), https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln1.asp Links to an external site.
“Five Confederate State Secession Declarations,” (1861), https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-statesLinks to an external site..

How would you answer the charge that the Civil War was “not about slavery”? Please discuss developments in the period 1820-1864 in your answer, and quote directly from at least FIVE (5) sources from the list below. Use the “quote sandwich” method of quoting your sources.
“William Lloyd Garrison Introduces The Liberator,” (1831), https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ushistory1os/chapter/primary-source-william-lloyd-garrison-introduces-the-liberator-1831/ .Links to an external site.
“Two Reports on the Texas Revolution”: John W. Hall, “The Settlers’ Call to Arms” (1836); Lt. Col. José Enrique de la Peña, “On the Texas Uprising and the Battle of the Alamo,” (1836), [PDF] Download Two Reports on the Texas Revolution”: John W. Hall, “The Settlers’ Call to Arms” (1836); Lt. Col. José Enrique de la Peña, “On the Texas Uprising and the Battle of the Alamo,” (1836), [PDF].
W. Barrett Travis, “Letter form the Alamo,” March 3, 1835, [PDF] Download W. Barrett Travis, “Letter form the Alamo,” March 3, 1835, [PDF].
Frederick Douglass, “Flaming Abolition Speech, Given by the Escaped Slave Frederick Douglass,” (1847), https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/frederick-douglass-and-abraham-lincoln/sources/95.Links to an external site.
Abraham Lincoln, “Lincoln’s Spot Resolution,” (1847), https://history.house.gov/Records-and-Research/Listing/lfp_037/ Links to an external site. [click “view transcriipt” at right].
Abraham Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address,” (Mar. 4, 1861), https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/lincoln1.asp.Links to an external site.
“Five Confederate State Secession Declarations,” (1861), https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/declaration-causes-seceding-statesLinks to an external site..
Abraham Lincoln, “Emancipation Proclamation,” (1863), https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation/transcriipt.html.Links to an external site.
New York Herald, “The Late Riot,” (1863), [PDF].
Gen. William T. Sherman, “Response to the Mayor and City Council of Atlanta,” (1864), [PDF] Download Gen. William T. Sherman, “Response to the Mayor and City Council of Atlanta,” (1864), [PDF].
Abraham Lincoln, “Address at Sanitary Fair, Baltimore,” (Apr. 18, 1864) in Foner, Give Me Liberty! 7th ed., Vol. 1, p. 549.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Remember that you are only doing TWO of the three essays. Don’t do the third; it will not be graded.
Please put both essays together in one document.
Your document must be either Microsoft Word or a PDF.
If you copy the questions into your answer document before answering them, remove the questions before submitting the exam—it confuses TurnItIn.
After you submit, make sure that you’ve sent the correct file, and that it uploaded correctly (Canvas will show an exclamation point if there is a problem reading it; check back later to make sure).
This test is open-book and open-notebook, but be certain to work alone, and make sure all your answers are your own—DO NOT CUT AND PASTE, either from another’s work, or published sources.
Be sure to answer all parts of the questions.
You should use all of the assigned material in the course in framing your answers: the lectures, the relevant Foner chapters, the primary sources, and the assignment supplemental material.
Use the “Quote Sandwich Method,” outlined below, to quote and cite your primary works. You should include page numbers to your direct quotations unless the document does not have page numbers.
While you do not need to, you may bring in outside material, rephrased in your own words, from the internet or published sources, provided you cite it.
Keep in mind that each essay is worth 50% of the total test grade, so try to answer all parts of both questions fully, giving specific details and examples to support your answer.
RUBRIC:
Each essay is worth 50 points (100 points in all). This is the way it breaks down:
Use of Primary Documents: Fully uses all of the required primary documents effectively to answer the question, in a way that demonstrates your understanding of them: 20 points.
Historical Context: Provides sufficient historical context overall, and for each of the primary documents, and answers all parts of the question fully: 20 points.
Accurate Citations: Provides in-text citations for all primary works as well as any outside materials used: 10 points.