the research question for this paper is What is the impact of frequent fast food

the research question for this paper is What is the impact of frequent fast food consumption on the nutritional status and health outcomes of Teenagers? These are the full details. English 1A
Research Paper Organizing and Outlining
Now that you have organized the ideas presented in your outside sources, it is time to organize these ideas in such a way that you can create an outline for your research paper.
Pick a side
Maybe your preconceived opinions about your topic have been strengthened through your research, or maybe you have completely changed your mind? Whatever the case may be, it is time to decide overall what side of your topic’s argument you fall on.
If you are still unsure of which side of the argument you fall on, you may want to start by reexamining the main points made by the different articles you chose to read. Which argument are you most convinced by? It’s okay if there are some points about the argument that you may question, but you should choose one side of the argument that you will pursue for your paper’s thesis. If you are feeling strong about your research question, what answer from your research do you feel best answers your question?
What are the strongest points made about your topic?
Looking again at the source note cards and articles you have compiled. Take note of the strongest main points being made on both sides of the argument. Remember, in order to write a strong argumentative paper, you need to not only explain the reasons why you feel you are correct, but you need to address the counterarguments being made as well. This lets your reader know that you are examining the argument fairly and not ignoring opposing viewpoints. Those opposing viewpoints may be entirely on the opposite side of the issue (You are anti-antibiotics in farming while they are pro-antibiotics in farming) or they instead may have a different opinion than you on some issues or solutions (One article you read suggests only trying to limit the use of antibiotics while you feel they should no longer be used at all). Take note of these differences, since they will likely be helpful to include in your essay.
Now take a closer look at the arguments on both sides. (You will likely want to look directly at the articles for this information.) Are any of them in direct opposition of each other? For Example:
If you are writing on marketing to children and support the idea that fast food restaurants and processed food companies should be held accountable for the way they market to children and the food options they provide, is there a directly opposite opinion in your sources that claims that it is not the restaurants or food producers responsibility to provide healthy food, but the parents job to feed their children healthier food options?
If you do find sections that directly oppose each other in your chosen sources, then you will want to indicate these with corresponding numbers, symbols, or colors.
You will also want to indicate overall the strongest points made supporting your position, and the strongest points made that are counter to you position.
Organization
Now that you have had some time to decide which points are the most important for you to address in your paper, it is time to organize your ideas and decide the order in which you will discuss them. If you have points that are in direct opposition like discussed above, then you will often want to put these in the same body paragraph or close together in your essaybecause you will spend time presenting the opposing opinion, but then refuting it or conceding to it with information that supports your opinion.
Start with the points that are the least effective or important but that still support you argument and then work your way down to the most important or strongest argument or solution you have for why you are right about you topic. This is a good rule to follow for how to organize the points in your paper, but it does not always work perfectly. You will also want to organize your paper by what should logically come next, but either way, keeping your strongest point for last is a good idea.
Quote Searching
Looking at your articles, continue deciding which parts of the text you think would make good quotes to prove your essay’s main points that support your thesis or that clearly impart information to better help your reader understand. Remember, you will be presenting quotes from not only the articles that share your opinion, but possibly from articles that oppose your ideas, and you will need to have direct quotes from at least three outside sources, while at least paraphrasing the other two. This paper is more complex than the ones we have written this term so far, so plan to have at the least one quote in each body paragraph, but you could have upwards of 3 to 4 in a paragraph is necessary.
In addition, you may find that once you start to organize your essay, you may feel like you need to dig back into researching specific components of your argument to fill out your essay; this is entirely normal. Often times once your outline is complete, students see places where they need to find more evidence to strengthen their argument.
Outlining
Below is a sample outline that is designed to show you how you might wish to organize your ideas. If a better method suits you, then please use it. The paragraph and section organization are only EXAMPLESof how you may wish to structure your essay, but the general body paragraphs sections are a good basic structure of how most strong research essays are organized. Pay closer attention to the general larger sections of information provided and worry less about how the smaller sample paragraphs are constructed, they are only there as examples.
Topic: Food marketing to Children in connection with Rising Childhood Obesity rates.
Introduction of your essay:
General Information: General information about my topic that introduces it and reveals to the reader why this is an important topic to discuss. (I can begin with including the shocking statistic of the number of children who currently face obesity related illness in this country and/or anecdotal evidence)
Research Question: If childhood obesity is increasing in America, should fast food and processed food companies be held responsible for encouraging children to eat their food through marketing? (Your question will likely not show up in your essay, but it is good to place in your outline to keep you thesis focused)
Working Thesis (The answer to your research question): Due to increasing childhood obesity in America, there should be stricter laws placed on how fast food and processed food companies market to children and an increase in funding for school-run athletic programs.
Body Paragraphs (For a paper of this size you will have many body paragraphs- these are only samples of what your paragraphs may end up looking like depending on the information you are presenting)
I. Section #1- Historical background on the topic. How did we get to this point?
1. Generally research papers start with a bit of background information about the topic. It is information that tells a bit about the history of your topic and how we got where we are today. For this essay, I might talk about how the calorie counts in fast food meals and processed foods have increased in the last 30 years and also how the percentage of obese American children has increased at a similar rate. I will also compare the amount of outdoor play in children and the trend of its decrease in recent decades. It is helpful to include a quote or two here as well. (You really should only spend a paragraph or so setting the stage to help us know how we got here)
II. Section #2 Set up “The Problem” and reveal what is causing you to feel something needs to change. (I plan on spending a section of several paragraphs discussing the different contributing factors of childhood obesity.)
1. Discuss broadly the amount of children who are suffering from obesity and Type II Diabetes in America A. Explain that the number (cite) has increased dramatically
a. Reveal the health concerns that plague children who suffer from these conditions.
b. Include citation from the “Children and Obesity in America” article where Dr. Smith discusses the amount of children who will likely contract Type II Diabetes by 2020.
B. Explanation (my critical analysis)
2. Reveal that one of the leading causes of obesity is how fast food restaurants and processed food companies advertise to young children.
A. Discuss the continued trend of putting toys in fast food children’s meals.
a. Supporting viewpoint quote of an expert who discusses the continued trend of putting toys in fast food children’s meals increasing children’s desire for meals and encourages them to nag their parents.
b. Discuss how the fast food companies create playground-like restaurant setting and use bright colors to entice children.
B. Reveal the processed food tactics to selling to children and what should be done about it.
a. Discuss the trend of the bright packaging for sugary processed foods aimed at children and
include the quote from “Bright Colors, Nagging Children: How Marketing to Children Has Gotten Out of Control” that discusses some of these tactics.
3. Discuss the decrease of athletic and physical education programs due to budget cuts across the nation.
A. Include statistics found in the “Make Them Run” article about the amount of school programs shut down since 2008.
B. Include the quote from the student in that article that talks about how she rarely gets more than 30 minutes of exercise on weekdays since her school no longer had funding for her soccer team.
III. Section #3 Pose your solution or some alternatives to the current state of the situation that you feel will help things change for the better.
1. Argue that one of the leading causes of obesity is also how fast food restaurants and processed food companies advertise to young children and should at least provide healthier options.
A. Argue that fast food companies should be held accountable for providing healthier options if they plan on continuing to sell to children and provide healthier food choices.
a. Include opposing viewpoint quote from “Parents Are to Blame” article that argues parents should just not go to fast food restaurants if they are concerned about the health issues.
b. supporting viewpoint quote that argues that some families rely on “convenience food purchasing” and that small changes to the menu could make a very big difference in calorie intake and such changes should be mandated.
c. Include supporting evidence from “Make Them Pay: Holding Companies Accountable for Obesity,” that discusses the proposed punishment through fines of companies that continue to gear there unhealthy food marketing towards children. Some researchers even suggesting forcing support from Fast Food companies to help fund after school sports programs.
2. Discuss that Food Manufacturing Companies and Grocery Stores to Work together to reduce the flamboyancy of processed food packaging and placement.
A. How packaged food is often put at eye-level of children and not their parents and how grocery stores should not fall victim to the demands of product placement pushed forth by processed food manufacturers.
B. Include a another quote from “Bright Colors, Nagging Children: How Marketing to Children Has Gotten Out of Control” that talks about the trend of making the packaging for healthier food options just as appealing as their high-sugar and calorie counterparts.
1. Argue that there should be mandated funding provided by the state to bring back the amount and quality of school-ran athletic programs.
A. Include opposing viewpoint from “Last to Be Picked: The Inequality of School Sports” that as school sports programs exist today, they don’t provide enough variety and are not all inclusive for all students who wish to participate.
B. Explain that we do need to increase funding through initiativesto reopen many school sports programs as proposed by the “Make Them Run” article, but also expand the options and variety to include and benefit all students.
IV. What steps are already being taken?
Often times, students end with a section that pushes forward again the solution(s) they are posing to their problem and also reflect on what steps are already being taken in making things better. For example, here I might want to talk about current efforts made by Michelle Obama to garner healthier on campus food choices for children or Berkeley’s recent attempt at taxing soda to curb purchasing, or even how fast food and processed food products have increasingly been including visible calorie counts for consumers.
V.Conclusion
A. Restate my thesis in a new way to remind readers of the keys point I was trying to prove with my paper.
B. Remind readers of key points I made- mostly from my “solution” section.
C. End with a comment on how some people are already making efforts to thwart the rapidity of the growth of childhood obesity, but that more obviously still needs to be done.
Common Variation:
One common variation I see in student outlines is to not keep separate the discussion of “problems” and “solutions.” Often times the problems or issued raised in a topic are varied enough that students like to pose solutions to each problem directly after raising it. When it comes to that section of their essay, it may look like:
Intro
I. Historical Background
II. Problems and Proposed Solutions
1. General Increase on Childhood Obesity and Diabetes
2. #1(Fast Food Marketing to Children)
A. Problem: Tactics used of toys and high calorie food
B. Solution: Fast Food Companies should be held accountable for the way they market and their food options.
3. #2 (Processed Food Marketing in Grocery Stores)
A. Problem: Tactics of putting colorfully packaged food at children’s eye level.
B. Solution: Manufacturers and Grocery stores should be mandated to change the marketing strategies.
4. #3(School-Run Sports Programs)
A. Problem: Decrease in Funding since 2008
B. Solution: Government supported funding to bring back more varied and inclusive sports programs.
III. What steps are already being taken?
IV. Conclusion