Part I: the Dark Ages caesaropapism prophets in the Quran eighth century Donati

Part I:
the Dark Ages caesaropapism prophets in the Quran
eighth century Donations feudalism oaths
Justinian’s Code Germanic contributions holy cities of Islam
December 25, 800
Part II:
excommunication and interdict Petrine Theory Canosa
Henry II v. Thomas Becket Pope Innocent III Pope Urban II
the Fourth Crusade Romanesque v. Gothic medieval universities
the common law