Discussion Board Question 2 A 20-year-old college nursing student received the H

Discussion Board Question 2 A 20-year-old college nursing student received the Hepatitis B vaccination series as a child. The student visited the health center for a blood test to determine if immunity exists. What is this test called (5 points)? The test confirmed that the student has antibodies for the Hepatitis B virus. What type of immunity does this describe (5 points)? Explain how the student acquired this type of immunity (20 points). The student was also born with certain immune defenses. Identify two examples of innate immunity (10 points). The student’s sister visited the health center to receive the influenza vaccine. Two days after receiving the vaccine, she developed a fever and was diagnosed with the flu. She asked the nursing student, “Why didn’t the vaccine work? Did the flu vaccine give me the flu?” How should the nursing student best answer both questions (20 points)? Respond to this student: The test that the nursing student received to determine if immunity exists for Hepatitis B is called a Hepatitis B antibody test. The presence of antibodies for the Hepatitis B virus indicates that the student has acquired active immunity. Active immunity is a type of adaptive immunity, which means that the immune response is specifically tailored to the particular pathogen in this case, the Hepatitis B virus. The student acquired active immunity through the Hepatitis B vaccination series that they received as a child. When the student received the vaccine, it contained a small dose of the inactive Hepatitis B virus or a part of it. This stimulated the student’s immune system to produce specific antibodies against the virus. Over time, the immune system “remembered” the virus and developed memory cells, which are capable of mounting a rapid and specific immune response if the person is exposed to the Hepatitis B virus later in life. This is why the student tested positive for antibodies, indicating immunity against the virus. Two examples that can be identified in the student born with certain immune defenses: 1. Physical Barriers: The student’s skin acts as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of pathogens. The intact skin provides a tough barrier that is difficult for many microorganisms to penetrate, thereby preventing infection. 2. Mucous Membranes: The mucous membranes, such as those in the respiratory system and digestive system, produce mucus that helps trap pathogens and prevent them from entering the body. The presence of mucus also contains antimicrobial substances that can directly kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Regarding the incident with the sister and the influenza vaccine, it is important to clarify that the flu vaccine is made from inactivated or weakened forms of the influenza virus. These forms cannot cause the flu. However, there are a few reasons why someone might develop flu-like symptoms after receiving the vaccine: 1. Immune Response: The flu vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce a response against the influenza virus. This immune response can cause mild symptoms such as a low-grade fever for a short duration. These symptoms typically resolve on their own and are not severe or long-lasting. 2. Exposure to Other Viruses: It is also possible that the student’s sister was exposed to another respiratory virus before or shortly after receiving the flu vaccine. The flu vaccine protects against specific strains of the influenza virus, but it does not protect against other viruses that can cause similar symptoms. So, if she was exposed to another virus, it is possible that she developed symptoms similar to the flu. It’s important to note that the flu vaccine does not give you the flu. It is designed to help prevent or lessen the severity of the flu by stimulating the immune system response. If the symptoms persist or worsen, it’s best to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.