You are working on creating a five-paragraph essay dealing specifically with You

You are working on creating a five-paragraph essay dealing specifically with Young Earth Creationism and the core beliefs related to the age of the earth. At this point, you should have located and carefully read at least three scholarly, reputable articles and identified two to three scriipture passages dealing with the basic tenets of this belief.
Now you will complete and submit “Step 1: Thesis, Outline, and Works Cited page” for feedback from your instructor. Do a thorough job on these components to make writing your paper easier!
Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is a sentence that summarizes the main purpose of your paper. It is usually a single sentence at the end of your first paragraph that presents your argument or main point to the reader. The rest of the paper gathers and organizes information that supports the thesis.
There are different kinds of thesis statements. Two of the most common are persuasive and informative theses. In a persuasive thesis, the author takes a stance on a debatable subject. The body of the paper is then used to present evidence supporting their claim and persuade the reader of their interpretation.
You are writing an informative paper where the goal is to inform and explain rather than persuade. Therefore, an informative thesis statement must clearly indicate the paper’s topic and express the main idea that the paper is intended to convey.
Writing an Informative Thesis Statement
One of the best ways to learn how to write a thesis statement is to perform a “thesis direction.” That is, read a thesis statement and analyze how it is structured. Read the example statements in the examples below and practice identifying the various parts of an informative thesis statement.
Example 1
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Example 2
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Example 3
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Thesis Statement Tips
Consider the following when writing a strong thesis statement.
DO
DON’T
Make a statement
Clearly state the main emphasis of the paper
Briefly include the main information that will appear in the paper
Be sure that the information follows the same organization that will be used in the paper
Be specific enough to indicate the scope of your paper but not too narrow or too broad
Outline
Outlines provide a means of organizing your information in a logical order. For research papers, a formal outline can help you keep track of large amounts of information and how you want to write about your topic. Outlines do not need to be written in complete sentences, but their information should always make sense and follow a logical thought process. Below are the steps to writing a good outline.
1
1
Place your thesis at the beginning of your outline.
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2
List the major areas or topics that you will provide information on. Find an organization that flows well and would be easy to transition from one topic to the next. Once you have decided on your order, label them in Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.).
3
3
List supporting information or subtopics for each major area. Again, put thought into how you will organize the information. Then, label them in capital letters (A, B, C, etc.).
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4
If needed, continue to sub-divide each informative area until your outline is fully developed. Use labels 1, 2, 3, etc., and then a, b, c, etc.
Here is an example of an outline. It was taken from The Bedford Guide for College Writers (9th ed).
Outline Example
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In-text Citations
As you are writing your outline, it is good to include any relevant citations with each point on the outline. Use the in-text citation format (the “author-page” method) to keep track of the sources you will draw on for each area of information. This is important for new ideas that are not original to you, or quotations from your research. Later, this will help prompt you to add the appropriate in-text citations while writing your paper.
Works Cited Page
The works cited page is the page at the end of the paper containing specific details about the sources used in the paper. The works cited page is formatted in a very specific manner. The sources should be listed alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author listed, the works are then alphabetized by the titles of the work, which should be italicized. In this style, the first line of the citation is left-justified, and all other lines are indented one-half inch. This type of indentation is called a hanging indent.
Here is a list of information that you need to gather if possible (some of this information is not always available for online sources) from the works that you are using in your paper:
The author or authors if there is more than one—first and last name for each
The title of the work—the name of the book, article, or website
If the work is not a book, you will need the title of where it was published. This would be the title of the journal or website.
If it is from a journal, then you need the version and number of the journal.
The name of the publisher
The publication date
The physical location of the publisher (where publication occurred)
Below is an animation to walk you through citing a book source. This is the basic format for all MLA citations, however, there are some differences for different types of sources.
How to Make a Work Cited Page
I am going to walk you through gathering and putting the information into the correct order.
CONTINUE
SCHOLARLY JOURNAL
WEBSITE
TIPS AND CLUES
You need the author or authors, the title of the article, the title of the journal, volume, issue, year, pages used. Here is the information for our example—make sure to note where there are periods and commas and where there is an italic font used.
Title: Recent Developments in Young-Earth Creation
Author: Timothy H. Heaton
Journal Title: Science & Education
Issue: 10
Volume: 18
Year: 2009
Pages: 1341–1358
hoRaTeu1fxWSR6vi-Journal%2520Citation.png
@LU
@LU
Works Cited Page
When all the citations are put together for the paper, you will need to create a “Works Cited” page. The example page on the left was created from all the examples that were used above. Did you notice that the first line of each source is at the left margin, but the others are indented? This is called a hanging indent. It is not hard to do using Microsoft Word. Use the link below to learn how.
Directions
Click on the button to get the directions for creating a hanging indent.
HANGING INDENT(OPENS IN A NEW TAB)
Rules for Formatting a Works Cited Page
Title for the works cited page: “Works Cited” is used as the page title and should be worded at the top, center of the page
Spacing: The entire document should be double-spaced
Font: 12 pt. Times New Roman
Margins: Margins should be 1 inch (all the way around the paper: top, bottom, and sides)
Utilize hanging indent: Indent all lines after the first line for each paragraph (1/2 inch indent)
Header: Page number on the right side
Order: Listings should be in alphabetical order
Grading Rubric Step 1: Thesis, Outline, and Works Cited Page
Review the rubric below to see exactly what will be evaluated on your thesis statement, outline, and works cited page during this first stage of your writing.
© LU
© LU
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Evolutionists have cited many different “proofs” of evolution. In most science books, they will talk about Darwin’s contribution to evolution. They will then explain microevolution and cite Darwin’s finches. Textbooks will then state that given time, natural selection (which is biblical) will eventually lead to macroevolution (which is not biblical). Macroevolution can sometimes be called “molecules to man” evolution. The Evolutionists will give a variety of “evidence” for evolution.
Over the next two lessons, we will compare the three main pieces of “evidence” that Evolutionists use to prove evolution biologically. The three main ways are embryology, comparative anatomy, and genetics.
In this lesson, we will review embryology and comparative anatomy.
Embryology
“Evidence” for Evolution: Embryology
Embryology: The similar features of embryos in different organisms suggest evolution from a common ancestor.
Charles Darwin collected marine life such as crabs and barnacles. He noticed that the larva of both a crab and a barnacle were similar. When the organisms reached adulthood, the organisms were very different. Darwin concluded that the organisms may have had a common ancestor.
Embryos of different vertebrates are also very similar, and it can be hard to spot the difference. Fish, birds, reptiles, and mammals have gill slits. In fish, these turn into gills; in mammals, these turn into the ears and throats. Evolutionists claim this points to a common ancestor.(opens in a new tab)
Current Textbooks Misuse Embryology to Argue for Evolution | Evolution News
Current Textbooks Misuse Embryology to Argue for Evolution | Evolution News
Sylvia Mader’s 2010 textbook, Biology, uses colorized versions of Haeckel’s embryo drawings with only a few small modifications. As seen in the side-by-side comparison above, the black and white drawings are Haeckel’s original drawings and the colored drawings are from Mader’s 2010 textbook.
READ MORE EVOLUTION NEWS
Evidence for Creation: Embryology
In mammals, the head grows faster than the rest of the body; therefore, at about three weeks, the head is bigger and makes the embryo curl and the neck flex. If you tuck your chin in and look straight down, it will appear as though you have a double chin. The embryo also has double folds of the skin due to this very reason.
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Human Embryo
The gill slits in human embryos are not actually gills. They are just a fold of tissues designed to grow and develop into parts of our head and neck. Gills are designed to extract oxygen from water, and these tissues do not perform that function.
Evidence for Creation: Embryology
Embryology is a great way to study animal development, but it is not proof of evolution. It is proof of how we have a wonderful designer who molds our development, even from an early age.
Recapitulation Theory: How Embryology Does Not Prove Evolution
Recapitulation Theory: How Embryology Does Not Prove Evolution
Do developing embryos replay the evolutionary history of their species as they develop? These ideas have led people to believe that what is in the womb is merely an animal, and these types of arguments have been used to promote abortion and the false worldview of evolution.
READ MORE ANSWERS IN GENESIS
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Anatomy is the science that studies the comparative structure of animals. It compares one animal’s anatomy with another to prove that both animals came from a common ancestor.
Evolutionists give three types of anatomy structures that help support evolution:
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Vestigial structures
We will be looking at the characteristics and examples of each of these structures from contrasting points of view.
“Evidence” for Evolution: Homologous Structures
Homologous structures are features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and appear to have other functions. Because they are found in many different species, Evolutionists claim that it is proof of a common ancestor. The human arm has two bones in the forearm—a group of wrist bones and bones that make up the fingers. Other animals have a similar pattern, the wing of a bat, the foot of a mole, the foreleg of a horse, and a penguin’s flipper. Even though different organisms use the structures for other things, it is considered “proof” of descent from a common ancestor.
arm bone.png
Evidence for Creation: Homologous Structures
If evolution was correct, then the idea of similar structures and their development would be the same for the parts of the DNA that helped the structures develop in the first place. Basically, if all organisms with “forearms” are from a common ancestor, then the genetic system that codes for the development should all be the same as well. The reality is that the homologous (same) structures are often produced by non-homologous (different) genetic systems.
Consider frogs for example. The five digits on each limb grow out from buds in the embryo stage. In human embryos, the digits will form as the tissue between them is resorbed. In this case, very different gene and enzyme mechanisms produce similar (homologous) patterns.
The similarity in structures does not point to a common ancestor but a common design.
Comparative Similarities: Homology
Comparative Similarities: Homology
If God made people as people, why are we full of “animal parts”? Look at your arm for a moment and try to picture the bones inside. There’s one bone attached to the body, two bones in the forearm, a little group of wrist bones, and bones that extend out into the fingers.
READ MORE ANSWERS IN GENESIS
Does homology provide evidence of evolutionary naturalism? – creation.com
by Jerry Bergman Homology involves the theory that macroevolutionary relationships can be proven by the similarity in the anatomy and physiology of different animals. Since Darwin, homology has been cited in textbooks as a major proof for evolution.
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“Evidence” for Evolution: Analogous Structures
Analogous structures are those that perform a similar function but are not similar in their “evolutionary” origin.
Compare the wings of a bat and the wings of a bug. Both organisms have wings that assist them in flight, but one has bones, and the other has an exoskeleton. Evolutionists claim this is because the ancestors of these organisms face similar environmental challenges and therefore, evolved to survive due to convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related develop similar traits. Some structures are similar in function but did not evolve from a common ancestor.
Analogous structures.jpg
Evidence for Creation: Analogous Structures
The fact that there are similarities in structure and function is because of a common Creator! The different animals are designed and created to live in their respective environments. Natural selection then fine-tuned the structures to help the animal survive in its unique niche.
God created structures that serve similar purposes because he wanted his creations to thrive in various environments.
“Evidence” for Evolution: Vestigial Structures
Sometimes, organisms have structures or organs that appear to lack any useful purpose. Evolutionists define vestigial structures as organs or structures that are greatly reduced from the original ancestral form and have little to no current use.
An ostrich is a large flightless bird that uses its long legs for speed and for kicking predators. For whatever reason, the need for flight was not important, so Evolutionists consider ostrich wings obsolete. Over time the gene for large wings was not preserved in the gene pool, and ostrich wings are considered by Evolutionists to be vestigial structures.
In mammals, the appendix is part of a structure in the large intestine that is important in the breakdown of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate found in plants. Although they are omnivores (animals that eat both plants and animals), humans do not eat as much cellulose as other mammals. Because the human appendix does not digest cellulose, Evolutionists suggest that the appendix has lost this function over time. Therefore, the appendix is a vestigial organ.
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Evidence for Creation: Vestigial Structures
Nina Schaller, a professor at the University of Antwerp, observed a group of ostriches. She noted that ostriches actually use their wings for balance. While the ostriches are running at high speeds, the wings help them change course and even brake while running at such speeds. She concluded that the wings are essential to the complex maneuvers performed by the birds. This theory could also be applied to dinosaurs with short limbs that may have used tiny forelimbs for balancing and maneuvering. By using observational science, instead of relying on evolutionary theory, we can conclude that the “vestigial structures” do, in fact, have a function.
Function of the Wings of Flightless Birds
Function of the Wings of Flightless Birds
What good are wings on a flightless bird-like the ostrich? Although scientists have previously suggested temperature control and reproductive display as the main uses of ostrich wings, a team reporting at the annual meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology believes it has determined their most important purpose.
READ MORE ANSWERS IN GENESIS
Heather Smith, an evolutionary biologist, and William Parker, a surgeon, together studied the appendix. This team studied the diets of 361 living mammals; 50 of which have an appendix. While looking at the evolutionary tree of those mammals, there was no pattern to demonstrate why the appendix developed or stopped developing in the evolutionary lines. Additionally, they concluded that the appendix provides helpful bacteria in the intestine and likely plays a role in the functioning of immunity in the gut.
When Evolutionists claim that these structures are “evidence” of evolution, the argument is based on the assumption that mammals share a common ancestor. However, the facts change when performing scientific experiments based on observable data. (opens in a new tab)
The Appendix: Useless Vestige or Evolutionary Innovation?
The Appendix: Useless Vestige or Evolutionary Innovation?
The appendix has long been maligned as an obsolete vestigial remnant of digestive evolution. Is it really as worthless as people say, or does it have a purpose after all? For many years, the primary function of the appendix seemed to be to give surgeons a little something extra to do whenever they visited a patient’s abdomen.
READ MORE ANSWERS IN GENESIS
References
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