Discussion 1 J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by GI specialist

Discussion 1
J.C is an 82-year-old white man who was evaluated by GI specialist due to abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, weight lost, weakness and occasional nausea.
Past Medical History (PMH):
Patient is Diabetic, controlled with Metformin 500 mg by mouth twice a day, Lantus 15 units SC bedtime. Hypertensive, controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Atrial Fibrillation, controlled with Rivaroxaban 15 mg by mouth once a day and bisoprolol 10 mg by mouth once a day.
Labs:
Hb 12.7 g/dl; Hct 38.8% WBC 8.2; Glycemia 74mg/dl; Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl; BUN 9.8 mg/dl; AST 21 U/L ALT 17 U/L; Bil T 1.90 mg/dl; Ind 0.69 mg/dl; Dir 1.21 mg/dl.
Diagnostic test:
Endoscopic Ultrasound of the Pancreas. Solid mass in the head of pancreas 4 cms, infiltrating Wirsung duct. The solid mass impress to infiltrate the superior mesenteric vein. Perilesional node is detected, 1.5 cms, metastatic aspect. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Case study questions:
Please name the potential most common sites for metastasis on J.C and why?
What are tumor cell markers and why tumor cell markers are ordered for a patient with pancreatic cancer?
Based on the case study described, proceed to classify the tumor based on the TNM Stage classification. Why this classification important?
Discussed characteristic of malignant tumors regarding it cells, growth and ability to spread.
Describe the carcinogenesis phase when a tumor metastasizes.
Choose the tissue level that is affected on the patient discussed above: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle or Neural. Support your answer.
Submission Instruction
You must complete both case studies
Your initial post should be at least 500 words in total, (250 words per case study), formatted and cited in current APA style with support from a minimum of 2 academic sources PER CASE STUDY that are no older than 5 years old. Your initial post is worth 8 points.
You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts. Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)
All replies must be constructive and use literature such as one intext citation from one scholarly source
.Grading RubricYour assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.Discussion Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPoints
Identification of Main Issues, Problems, and ConceptsDistinguished – 5 points
Identifies and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the issues, problems, and concepts.Excellent – 4 points
Identifies and demonstrates an accomplished understanding of most issues, problems, and concepts.Fair – 1-3 points
Identifies and demonstrates an acceptable understanding of most issues, problems, and concepts.Poor – 0 points
Identifies and demonstrates an unacceptable understanding of most issues, problems, and concepts. Or nothing was posted.5 points
Use of Citations, Writing Mechanics, and APA Formatting GuidelinesDistinguished – 3 points
Effectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Exceptional use of citations and extended referencing. High level of APA precision and free of grammar and spelling errors.Excellent – 2 points
Effectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. Moderate level of APA precision and free of grammar and spelling errors.Fair – 1 point
Ineffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Moderate use of citations and extended referencing. APA style and writing mechanics need more precision and attention to detail.Poor – 0 points
Ineffectively uses the literature and other resources to inform their work. Unacceptable use of citations and extended referencing. APA style and writing mechanics need serious attention. Or nothing was posted.3 points
Response to Posts of PeersDistinguished – 2 points
Student constructively responded to two other posts and either extended, expanded, or provided a rebuttal to each.Fair – 1 point
Student constructively responded to one other post and either extended, expanded, or provided a rebuttal.Poor – 0 points
Student provided no response to a peer’s post. 2 points
Total Points 10