Write a paper that responds to the following: Option #1 A

Write a paper that responds to the following: <
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Option #1
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As we have learned in this class, socially constructed notions of race always hinge around related and equally constructed notions of space/place. Likewise, different manifestations of racisms (relationships of power premised on purported race differences) always require maneuvers over physically controlling and structuring space. Additionally, these ideological and material processes of space (re)taking and race (re)making require a constant process of re-adaptation. <
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Write an essay that uses one or several case studies that we discussed or read about in class to make an argument about how “relations between races are relations between places,” but also how this happens in ways that requires historical “change.” Think about how this happens through both the “racialization of space” and the “spatialization of race” (see clarifying note below). You may also touch on how people most affected by “race, space, and segregation” have sought to survive and upend that racialization of space/spatialization of race, or if not, how you think that racializing/segregatory force can be interrupted and reversed. <
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CLARIFYING NOTE: by “racialization of space”/“spatialization of race,” I am referring to the “yin and yang” “feedback loop” relationship we discussed during lecture. It involves complementarity, interconnection, and interdependence between: <
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the racialization of space = the ideological or symbolic attribution of racialized characteristics to specific bodies and the places they are associated with. This may happen through mass media cultural representations, political campaigning and race-baiting, policing practices and prosecutorial policies, and even though the way architects and planners conceived and design urban or architectural space <
the spatialization of race= the literal displacement, emplacement (i.e., segregation), bordering, and policing in space (in other words, state “ordering”) of peoples and communities physically circumscribed to certain places. This can happen in obvious physical ways (e.g., through Jim Crow ordinances or other racial apartheid policies). It may also happen through “softer,” less detectable mechanisms and less visible borders that still have the material effect of concentrating certain populations through certain parts of a city or regions of a state or country (e.g,, through policing practices that make it very difficult for minorities to live in a place where they “stick out,” or through veiled de facto housing discrimination). It also happens as a function of racialized-class differentials (see slides for Weeks 1-2) that make it difficult for people of unemployed poor, working-poor, and even lower middle-class income brackets to live in locations where middle and upper-middle-class people reside. Although disproportionate class precarity correlates with membership within certain historically racialized and marginalized populations (e.g., Black, Latinx, or Native American in California), class inequity is so normalized in the US’ liberal individualist capitalist economy that it is difficult for most people to see that classed aspect of structural racism as unjust (in other words, as in contradiction with the US’ professed adherence to the defense of individual equal protections from discrimination). <
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I’ve attached two readings for you to review them and write the essay by citing them and linking them with it.
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Thank you