Similar to your Analytical Reading Journal 2 on Kant, demonstrate that you have an understanding of Aristotle’s moral theory and approach (his emphasis on virtue and human flourishing) by:
summarizing his theory of ethics and then,
analyzing the potential strengths and weaknesses of applying this theory in daily life.
Use specific examples to develop your analysis, but remember to write in the third person (avoid the first person/”I” and writing from a personal perspective). Support your analysis with direct (and cited) quotations from the readings.
Extra advice: Work to develop a thick understanding of virtue.
What does that mean?
Sometimes the words we use in philosophy and ethics can be deceptively simple. For example, words like “good,” “bad,” “moral,” or “honest” have every day definitions that any adult human will know. Yet often, our use of these words in everyday conversations is “thin,” meaning it is less developed or less substantial (and therefore open to misunderstanding or misinterpretation in how it is applied).
Think about a time you might have disagreed with someone and gone back and forth about an issue, only for one of you later to respond, “Well, why didn’t you just say so earlier?!” as you realize you are closer in agreement than you thought. It may have been a miscommunication, but more likely, you both were probably using “thin” concepts to try to have a deeper discussion about something that mattered to you. “I want you to respect me.” “I do respect you…” “But you didn’t x, y, z….” “But I did a, b, c….” etc. In a conversation like this, the participants are using a thin concept of respect instead of a thick (fully developed) one and so can end up talking past each other as they make their points and try to work through an issue.
When writing philosophy and using higher-level ethical reasoning, we want to develop more substantial and detailed meanings of terms and concepts in our analysis so that they can help us evaluate situations or make ethical decisions. Philosopher Bernard Williams suggested that when we do so, our moral concepts become “thick,” meaning specific, fully developed, and grounded in particular cultural contexts. What makes “a good man” in Ancient Greece may not mean the same thing as “being a good person” in 17th century England or today, so we need to take time to illustrate and delineate how we understand and use the words and concepts we use.
That is always true when we are writing about ethics. But it is especially true when we are writing about virtue ethics and concepts like “good,” “happiness,” and “character.”
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