1. A research team is interested in investigating how sleep deprivation and memo

1. A research team is interested in investigating how sleep deprivation and memory training influence memory recall (operationalized/measured by the number of words participants can remember after studying a list of words). Some participants are not permitted to sleep during the night before the study, some participants are allowed only four hours of sleep, and some participants are allowed eight hours of sleep. With reference to memory training, some participants get memory training prior to studying the word list, and some do not get memory training prior to studying the word list. Participants are randomly assigned to one of six unique groups. The research team is measuring number of words correctly recalled. Factor A is Memory Training and Factor B is Sleep Deprivation. (10 marks total)
a.) Based on the information given to you in the Question 1 research scenario, express the ANOVA design in symbols using the following format: _____ X ____. Explain how you arrived at your answer (i.e., how you decided what values to use to fill in the blanks). (2 marks)
b.) Suppose we add a third factor called time-of-day to the research study described in Q1. Assume this new factor has three levels: morning, afternoon, or evening. Furthermore, Factor A is Memory Training, Factor B is Sleep Deprivation, and Factor C is Time-of-Day. Express the ANOVA design in symbols using proper ANOVA format (e.g., 4×3, 2×5, 3x2x4). Explain how you arrived at your answer (i.e., how you decided what values to use to fill in the blanks). (1 mark)
c.) For the following ANOVA table (illustrating group means) determine whether or not there appears to be (i.) a main effect for Factor A, (ii) a main effect for Factor B, and/or (iii.) an AxB interaction effect. Explain how you arrived at your decision regarding the presence/absence of a main effect of Factor A, a main effect of Factor B, and an AxB interaction. Assume any difference between means is significant. As a reminder, Factor A is Memory Training and Factor B is Sleep Deprivation. (3 marks)
Original Study – ANOVA table
No Sleep 4-hrs Sleep 8-hrs Sleep
Memory Training M = 10 M = 15 M = 20
No Memory Training M = 5 M = 10 M = 15
d.) Imagine a few months later, the research team decided to try and replicate their study again. Below you will find a different ANOVA table (illustrating different group means) from what was shown in Question 1C, illustrating the results of the replication study. Determine whether or not there appears to be (i.) a main effect for Factor A, (ii) a main effect for Factor B, and/or (iii.) an AxB interaction effect. Explain how you arrived at your decision regarding the presence/absence of a main effect of Factor A, a main effect of Factor B, and an AxB interaction. Assume any difference between means is significant. As a reminder, Factor A is Memory Training and Factor B is Sleep Deprivation. (3 marks)
Replication Study – ANOVA table
No Sleep 4-hrs Sleep 8-hrs Sleep
Memory Training M = 20 M = 12.5 M = 5
No Memory Training M = 5 M = 12.5 M = 20
e.) Briefly describe the key characteristic/defining feature of a line graph displaying a significant AxB interaction. Briefly describe the key characteristic/defining feature of a line graph displaying no significant AxB interaction. (1 mark)
2. A researcher is interested in whether the presence of visual distractions (no distraction vs. distraction) and the level of task complexity (low vs. high) impact the number of errors made by undergraduate students during a problem-solving task. The presence of visual distractions was manipulated by having participants perform the problem-solving task in an environment with visual distractions, such as moving objects and distracting images or in a controlled environment without any visual distractions. The presence of task complexity was manipulated by having participants complete a complex task involving multiple steps and intricate problem conditions (high task complexity) or a simple and straightforward task requiring few steps (low task complexity). Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: visual distraction + high task complexity, visual distraction + low task complexity, no visual distraction + high task complexity, or no visual distraction + low task complexity. The total number of errors made by each participant during the problem-solving task was measured. Assume an alpha level of .05.
See Distraction_TaskComplexity.csv file in eClass to access the data for this question. (15 marks total)
a.) What are the factors, levels of the factors, and the operationalized dependent variable? Recall, operationalization involves explaining precisely how a concept will be measured. Students may select which factor they would like to designate “Factor A” vs. “Factor B”. (3 marks)
b.) Using jamovi, test the assumptions for a two-factor ANOVA. Are the assumptions met based on this evidence? Please explain what evidence led you to these conclusions. You must also include a screenshot of the output/plots for these analyses as part of your answer to be eligible for full marks (4 marks)
c.) Calculate by-hand dfA, dfB, dfAxB, and dfwithin. Please show all of you work (by-hand calculations) to be eligible for full marks. Please refer to your Question 2a.) response to confirm which factor you designated to be “Factor A” vs “Factor B” to aid in your degrees of freedom calculations. (4 marks)
d.) Write-up the results of your ANOVA analyses in APA format. Adopt the same format as what was outlined in the lecture/tutorial slides, using a two-paragraph format. You must also include a screenshot of the relevant jamovi output, estimated marginal means table, and a line graph for these analyses as part of your answer to be eligible for full marks (4 marks).