Please respond to this discussion using these instructions. Please use in text c

Please respond to this discussion using these instructions. Please use in text citations and list references (APA format) Thanks
Instructions: Respond to at least two other student’s postings with substantive comments.
Substantive comments add to the discussion and provide your fellow students with information that will enhance the learning environment.
References and citations should conform to the APA standards.
Remember: Please respect the opinions of others, even if their views differ. In other words, disagree professionally and respectfully.
Plagiarism is never acceptable – give credit when credit is due – cite your sources.
Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.
Discussion: For this discussion, I chose to answer the following questions based on an inductive longitudinal qualitative study examining the effects of COVID-19 lock-downs and the experiences of pregnancy, giving birth, and postpartum perceived by this population of women.
Describe the participant protections provided by the researchers for participants.
At the time of this study, many COVID restrictions were still in place, so subjects participated in three in-depth phone interviews as opposed to face-to-face meetings for safety purposes. Verbal informed consent was obtained, and conversations were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The study was particularly interested in the experience of non-English speaking women during the pandemic and interviews were translated to English after recording.
How were the participants selected? How might this impact ethical principles within the study?
Participants were selected based on participation in an online survey that was conducted in Bradford titled the “Born in Bradford” cohort study. Participants who completed the study between May and October 2020, were asked to join the COVID study. Forty-seven women were sent a study information sheet and then contacted 1 to 2 weeks later to be interviewed with verbal permission given by each participant. Ethical principles were maintained as participation was voluntary and consent was given by all who joined.
Would the participants in this study be considered “vulnerable”? Why or why not?
Under served pregnant/laboring/new mothers could be considered a “vulnerable” population however, I don’t believe that the information gathered via telephone interviews for this qualitative study put any participant at risk.
Were participants subjected to any physical harm or discomfort or psychological distress as part of the study? What efforts did the researchers make to minimize harm and maximize good?
Participants were not subjected to any physical harm however reliving tumultuous times during the pandemic may have triggered psychological distress for these women. Many participants spoke of “feeling alone” and unsupported as well as reporting increased anxiety and low moods. As far as I can tell no mention of minimizing harm was addressed, and participants spoke candidly about their fears and experiences. As this was a longitudinal study involving interviews at different stages of their motherhood journey, participants may have felt listened to and heard regarding their oftentimes difficult experiences during the COVID pandemic.
Does the report discuss steps that were taken to protect the privacy and confidentiality of study participant?
The report does not discuss privacy and confidentiality, the participant’s age, ethnicity, number of children, and occupations were disclosed.
Reference
Jackson, C., Brawner, J., Ball, M., Crossley, K., Dickerson, J., Dharni, N., Rodriguez, D. G., Turner, E., Sheard, L., & Smith, H. (2023). Being pregnant and becoming a parent during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal qualitative study with women in the born in Bradford covid-19 research study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05774-4
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