Exploring the Invasion of Hosts by Pathogenic Microbes: Means of Entry and Colonization

ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS:

Very often, the invasion of hosts by pathogenic microbes leads to infections.
Discuss the different means microorganisms use to enter and colonize a host.
Use APA guidelines for proper citations.
minimum words: 300
Please include citations from different sources and the book Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case – Microbiology_ an introduction-Pearson (2019).
example on how to in text cite (Tortora, pg 200, 2019)

HOW TO WORK ON THIS ASSIGNMENT (EXAMPLE ESSAY / DRAFT)

Introduction:

Microorganisms that can infect and afflict hosts are referred to as pathogenic microbes. These bacteria infiltrate and colonize their hosts by various means. The numerous methods that microbes employ to infiltrate and colonize a host will be covered in this essay.

Access Points:

A host can be infected by microbes in several ways, including ingestion, inhalation, and direct contact. One of the most typical ways that infections enter a host is through the inhalation of airborne germs. Infectious bacteria can enter the respiratory tract and cause respiratory illnesses when a person breathes infected air (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2019). When an infected individual coughs or sneeze, airborne droplets of the pneumonia-causing bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae may be spread.

A further way that bacteria enter the body is through the consumption of tainted food or water. Salmonellosis and cholera are two gastrointestinal illnesses that may result from this. For instance, the cholera-causing bacterium Vibrio cholera can be spread by consuming tainted water or food (Tortora, Funke, & Case, 2019).

Pathogens can also infiltrate a host through direct touch. Contact with contaminated objects, such as doorknobs or countertops, or coming into contact with infected people can both result in this. Through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surface, the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, which causes skin infections, can be spread (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2019).

Techniques for Colonization

To cause disease, germs must become established in the tissues of the host after entering and reproducing there. Pathogens use a variety of techniques, such as adherence to host cells and immune system evasion, to invade host tissues. A microbe’s capacity for attachment to host cells is known as adhesion. For instance, the bacteria Escherichia coli possesses fimbriae that enable it to cling to the host urinary system and cause urinary tract infections (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2019).

Pathogens also employ several strategies to get around the host immune system. Some pathogens create capsules that stop host immune cells from phagocytosing them. Some people make the enzymes necessary to break down host antibodies or complement proteins. For instance, the strep throat germ Streptococcus pyogenes releases enzymes that break down host antibodies (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2019).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, pathogenic microorganisms penetrate and colonize host tissues in a variety of ways. Inhalation, ingestion, direct contact, adherence to host cells, and immune system evasion are some of these ways. The creation of efficient anti-infective therapies and preventative measures depends on our ability to comprehend these systems.

References:

In 2019, Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R., and Case, C. L. Introducing microbiology. Pearson.

 

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