Please use WHO Database https://www.who.int/data/gho (Links to an external site.

Please use WHO Database
https://www.who.int/data/gho (Links to an external site.)
Explore the statistical story depicted in the WHO interactive graphs for health equity outcomes
Choose 1 of the 3 topics: (Child malnutrition in Haiti and Guatemala with Interventions)
Compare data for 2 countries on this topic
Analyze and interpretation of data. Respond to a peer with substantive comments related to advanced nursing practice, education and research
Respond to Haiti and Guatemala below.
Haiti has the highest childhood underweight in Latin America and the Caribbean region because of chronic malnutrition .Globally, an estimated 165 million children under five are stunted, and at least 52 million are wasted. While Guatemala has the highest risk of chronic malnutrition in Latin America and the fifth in the world, particularly children under five. Under malnutrition accounted for 45% of all deaths among children under five years of age in both countries. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 highlighted Haiti also for its high burden of disease and injury and high mortality and for having the world’s lowest healthy life expectancy.
Child under malnutrition has long been a major public health problem and silent emergency in Haiti. The fourth national Haiti Demographic and health survey (HDHS 4),conducted in 2005-06 found that 1 in every 3 children under age five was stunted, and 1 in every 10 was wasted and 2 in every 10 were underweight. Stunting rates in this age group were almost twice as high in the rural areas as in the urban areas . The latest HDHS, in 2012, reported lower rates of under malnutrition among under- 5s: 21.9% stunted, 5.1% wasted and 11.4% underweight. In Guatemala under the age of five 46.5 % is stunted, but only 1% is wasted which is very significant. At the end of 2010 the Haiti government and its partners began intensified efforts to scale up preventive and recuperative community food and nutrition activities and to increase investments in water sanitation hygiene (WASH) and immunization in all the country’s 10 departments. As of May 2012 services continue throughout the country in 285 outpatient programs and 16 inpatient stabilization units for children with severe acute malnutrition,174 baby tents for the promotion of optimal infant feeding practices and counseling for pregnant and lactating women, and 350 supplementary nutrition programs for children with moderate acute malnutrition. Guatemala on the other hand, has programs to prevent malnutrition, especially within the first 1,000 days of a child’s life, which includes periods between conception to the time the child is 24 months.
Based on the Graph above in Haiti stunting declined from 28.5% ( 95% CI= 25.9, 31.3) to 22.2% ( 95% CI= 20.2, 24.3)
Wasted declined from 10.1%( 95% CI=8.2, 12.7) to 4.3%(95% CI=3.6, 5.2)
Underweight declined from 17.7% (95% CI= 15.6, 20.1) to 10.5% ( 95% CI=9.3, 11.9)
The SMART findings for 2012 are similar to those of the 2012 HDHS which was conducted during the same period.
Preventive interventions were provided 6 days a week in Haiti ; curative interventions were provided every day. Nutrition interventions included promotion of optimal breastfeeding practices ( every initiative of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, point- of – use food fortification with multiple micronutrient powders to improve complementary foods for breastfed children ages 6-23 months), vitamin A supplementation for children 6-59 months, deworming for children 1-5 years, zinc for treatment of diarrhea in addition to oral rehydration salt, iron/ folic acid supplementation for pregnant and lactating women, ready-to-use supplementary foods, and integrated management of severe acute malnutrition.
Because of chronic child malnutrition in Guatemala, 46.5% are stunted, 4.7% are overweight and 1% are wasted. ( UNICEF, monitoring the situation of children and women 2015)
Nutrition during the first five years of life is an essential component of human development. Malnutrition can be caused by a lack or excess of food. Malnutrition due to lack of food can be classified in 3 types:
Acute underweight and stunted growth
Chronic stunted growth
Global: underweight
Acute malnutrition in Guatemala must be treated immediately and children diagnosed with this type of malnutrition should receive special treatment since there is a high risk of death.
Chronic malnutrition is relatively silent, children with this disease generally don’t receive a diagnosis. This makes chronic malnutrition the biggest nutrition issue among Guatemala children.
According to the maternal-infant nutrition glossary: Chronic malnutrition is also called “stunting “ . It is the result of bad nutrition for long periods of time or episodes of infection. It’s a deficiency developed in the long run, which manifests as not growing up properly ( short height) and can cause irreversible damages to the brain.
The following graph presented the behavior of chronic malnutrition in the first 59 months (5 years) of life in Guatemala .You can see in the graph that the risk of chronic malnutrition doubled between 6-24 months.