Category: Global Health

Intervention for Substance Use Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minorities
INSTRUCTIONS
Complete the following items (A&B) within your project groups. These prompts are to help with the written part of the assignment (see steps 1-3 below), but parts A&B do NOT need to be written up separately or submitted with the assignment.
A) First, read through each team members’ individual assignments #1 in full. Pay particular attention to the quality of the evidence for each source. Discuss the “best” data sources among your group and determine which ones to include in your group project.
B) Discuss the cultural values and practices that each group member identified in their individual assignments. Discuss how these factors will influence your community assessments and eventual intervention design.
For the written part of the assignment:
1) Describe your target population.
Define the needs, assets and capacities influencing the health issue described in your case study.Needs: These refer to the requirements, challenges, or deficiencies experienced by your target population concerning the specific health issue. Needs can encompass various dimensions such as physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors.
Assets: Assets represent the strengths, resources, and positive attributes within the target population and its surrounding community. These assets can include individual skills, community organizations, social networks, cultural practices, and financial resources. Recognizing and leveraging these assets can enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of health interventions by building upon existing strengths within the community.
Capacities: Capacities refer to the abilities, capabilities, and potentialities of the target population to engage in health-promoting behaviors and activities. This includes factors such as knowledge, skills, attitudes, access to healthcare services, social support systems, and leadership structures. Understanding the capacities of the target population is essential for tailoring interventions that empower individuals and communities to take ownership of their health and well-being.
Explain at least 2 relevant cultural values or practices that you will likely incorporate into your intervention design.
This section should be ~700 words
2) Briefly describe the key secondary literature/data sources that you used in Part 1 case study assignment and justify why they are useful sources of information.
Please refer to specific indicators, data collection procedures, or deliverables from your data sources in your justification, and how this information aligns with your intervention
Identify gaps in information about needs, assets and capacities that were not covered by the existing secondary data sources.
This section should be ~400 words
3) Community assessment: Propose at least one data collection activity (qualitative and/or quantitative data) that you would conduct to inform the design of the intervention in this community.
Describe the focus and methods of this community assessment. Please address the following questions: What gaps in the existing literature are you planning to address? What types of information to you plan to collect? From whom would you collect this information? How will you collect this information?. Examples of community assessment methods include: conducting a needs assessment, asset mapping, capacities analysis
Refer to the information and resources provided in Module 2 and 3.
The Community Toolkit may also be useful: https://ctb.ku.edu/en
Links to an external site.
This section should be ~300 words
4) Finally, put forth an idea for your initial intervention description. This will likely change over the course of the quarter as you develop your proposal.
Articulate a concise problem statement and your intervention goals to address this problem
Describe your proposed interventionEnvision a project to be implemented on a 2 to 3-year time horizon.
Discuss what you plan to do, what level(s) of determinants of health the intervention seeks to change, what theory(ies) inform your intervention design, who will receive the intervention, what specific setting within your case your intervention will be implemented (e.g. geographic sub-region), and what the intervention is intended to change.
Describe how your intervention will consider the cultural values and practices that you have identified in this population
Specify the short- and/or long-term health outcome your intervention aims to change
This section should be ~400 words
TIPS
Set Realistic Goals: While it’s important to aim for meaningful impact, it’s equally important to set realistic and achievable goals. Consider factors such as time (2-3 years), resources, and feasibility when setting your goals.
Establish Boundaries: Clearly define the scope of your intervention and identify what it will and will not address. This will help prevent ‘scope creep’ and keep your intervention focused on its intended objectives. Be prepared to make decisions about what aspects of the problem you can realistically tackle.
Focus your Intervention: Be careful to avoid combining too many components and levels
Use section headers to help your reader follow your writing
SUBMISSION DETAILS
Assignments must be double-spaced with 1-inch margins and no more than 2000 words. Your reference list bibliography are NOT included in the word limit.
Although you are welcome to discuss your projects with classmates from other groups, and we encourage group discussion about class topics, your group assignments must reflect the work of your team members only.
This is a GROUP assignment- only one final product is needed per group. If you need an extension on an assignment, please complete the assignment extension request formbefore the assignment is due. In the case of advance notice, there will be a 24-hour grace period for the assignment submitted. After the 24 hours, total possible points for any graded assignment will be reduced by 10% for each day late. If a student does not ask for an extension in advance, grades will be reduced by 10% for each day late without a 24-hour grace period.

Rainier Valley Health Center is the location for three major activities: A General Medical Clinic, a Mental Health Center, and a Health Education Outreach Program. The Medical Clinic is supported by fees, donations, and a lump-sum grant from the county. The Mental Health Center’s costs are reimbursed under a pilot state project. The Educational Outreach Program is supported by a private donor.
Many costs can be directly traced to the three programs, but some cannot. These indirect costs are: rent, general administration, and utilities. These costs are reimbursable under state guidelines to the extent that they can be attributed to the Mental Health Center. For this purpose, the state guidelines state, “Indirect costs can be allocated using a logical basis.” Conversations with the state auditor’s office reveal that the following allocation bases are acceptable for the following costs:
Indirect Cost
Acceptable Allocation Bases
Rent
1. Square Feet Occupied
2. Number of Patient Visits
General Administration
1. Direct Program Costs
2. Program Salaries
Utilities
1. Number of Patient Visits
2. Hours of Operation
Rainier Valley Health Center has Rent of $30,000, General Administration of $30,000, and Utilities of $10,000.
You collected the following information about the allocation bases: Allocation Base Medical ClinicMental Health CenterEducational OutreachTotal
Square Feet Occupied150010005003000
# of Patient Visits60002000200010000
Direct Program Costs$130,000$50,000$20,000$200,000
Program Salaries$60,000$42,000$18,000$120,000
Hours of Operation per year250018002004500
Suppose Rent is allocated on the basis of square feet occupied, General Administration on the basis of direct program costs, and utilities on the basis of patient visits. What is the total indirect cost allocated to the Mental Health Center and thus reimbursable under the state pilot project?
Suppose you are free to choose the allocation base from the list of acceptable allocation bases for each allocable indirect cost. If you objective is to maximize reimbursement by the state, what allocation basis should you choose for each allocable indirect cost? What is the total indirect cost reimbursable by the state if these allocation bases are used?

Literature Review – Draft for feedback and grading
INSTRUCTIONS
This assignment will provide you with the opportunity for receive feedback from the teaching team as you prepare for the final literature review that is due next week. Please review the rubric for this assignment for more details on what is expected. Review the background information on the health issue and setting for your assigned case study THIS IS MY CASE STUDY NAME : Substance use disorders among sexual and gender minorities “Health Issue: Substance use is a public health crisis in our nation and rates of substance use
are particularly high among sexual and gender minorities. In 2018, among lesbian, gay, and
bisexual (LGB) adults aged 18 or older, 16.5% or 2.1 million had a substance abuse disorder
involving illicit drugs or alcohol.1 The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data
from 2018 reported higher substance usage among sexual and gender minorities compared to
heterosexual adults. Higher usage patterns were seen in marijuana, opioids, and alcohol.2
Experiencing sexual orientation-based discrimination more frequently may be associated with
increased odds of excessive alcohol use and substance use disorders in sexual minority adults.
Many sexual minority individuals have endured a long personal history of social prejudice which
can include discriminatory laws and practices in employment, housing, relationship recognition
and health care, as well as stigma and challenges with their family and friends. This type of
stress can lead to higher levels of anxiety, fear, isolation, depression, anger, and mistrust, which
can increase the risk of coping with alcohol and other drugs.3 Factors associated with a
decreased risk of substance use including living in communities with more LGBTQ supportive
environments. Individuals living in supportive communities generally report lower odds of
lifetime substance use than their peers living in communities with lower levels of LGBTQ-
supportive environments.4
Setting: New York City, United States. As of 2015, New York City (NYC) has the highest
number of residents who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender in the United States
with 756,000 people in this category. Increased substance use has been documented in the
MSM population in NYC since the late 1980s.5 ”
For this assignment you will perform a literature review that may include peer-reviewed studies and/or organizational reports, Carrying out a thorough literature review is an important first step to gather information about your health topic, but in planning an intervention you will typically need more information about the health problem for your specific target population. Hence, in the second half of this assignment you will be asked to describe how you would carry out a community assessment through the collection of primary data specific to your target population. This will help you to understand the interventions that would be most appropriate in addressing the health problem for your target population. 1) Identify and describe the information from at least 2 literature sources. The sources of literature may be peer-reviewed publications and/or organizational reports. Hence, literature sources may include peer-reviewed studies (e.g. studies listed on PubMed) as well as population health reports from governmental or non-governmental organizations that you identify online (e.g. CDC, World health organization, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, etc.). You should select studies and/or reports that help inform the design of an intervention that addresses your case study, and that describe the population’s needs, assets, and capacities (*see below for definitions of needs, assets, and capacities). Briefly describe the key health indicators and information included in these literature sources. Critically describe the data collection methods used (e.g. survey, in-depth interviews, etc.), the specific population(s) from which these data are generated, and the key results.
References on searching the grey literature:
What is grey literature? How do I search it? (Johns Hopkins, Welch Medical Library)
Please keep in mind that in order that to develop a good understanding of the background for your case, you will want to be reviewing the literature well beyond just the two sources that you select for this assignment. 2) Describe and synthesize the evidence from the literature about the needs, assets and capacities in the population and setting that you plan to focus on for your project case study.
Describe the details of the community needs and assets identified from these sources
Include a discussion of the strengths and gaps in evidence and how the evidence could inform your intervention design.
3) Explain a primary data collection activity (i.e. community assessment) that would help you learn more about the needs, assets, or capacities of your target population. What type of a community assessment would you carry out to learn more about the population needs, assets, and capacities? Carrying out a community assessment is an important step of intervention planning to address gaps in the existing evidence (e.g. lack of data on attitudes or behavior related to the health issue in your target population). Describe your proposed community assessment with a brief overview of the gap(s) in the existing data that you will address, what you would hope to learn, how you plan to collect this information (e.g. telephone survey, focus group of a sub-population, etc.), and the time and resources needed to carry it out.
Discuss how the language and cultural values of the population may inform your assessment.
Review plagiarism here.
SUBMISSION DETAILS
Assignments must be double-spaced with 1-inch margins and 500 – 800 words in length. Figures (table of sources, literature review charts, etc.) and references are NOT included in the page limit. Although we encourage group discussion about class topics, your individual assignments must reflect the work of you only.

Determine the cost per patient visit for each type of patient visit at the clinic. All types of visits are given in the same clinic, but about 60% of the space is used for child visits (half ill half well) and 40% for adult visits (half ill half well). Doctors and nurses traced their hours using time cards.
Well-childIll-childWell-adultIll-adult
# patient visits180320100220
Doctor hours40 hours30 hours20 hours40 hours
Nurse hours50 hours50 hours20 hours30 hours
Costs of the entire clinic:
Clinic Rent $ 10,000 Allocate based on space used
Liability insurance
1,000 Allocate based on doctor hours
Administration
6,000 Allocate based on # visits
Doctor salaries
18,200 Trace as $140 per hour
Nurse salaries
7,500 Trace as $50 per hour
Medical supplies
3,280 Trace as $4 per patient visit
Total $45,980
Well Child
Ill Child
Well Adult
Ill Adult
TOTAL
Direct
Doctor Sal
Direct
Nurse Sal
Direct
Med Supp
Indirect Rent
Indirect Liab Ins
Indirect Admin
Total
Per unit
Does this mean if the clinic provided one additional well child visit, the total costs of the clinic would increase by the per unit cost you determined above? Why or why not?

Instructions
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CAPSTONE: PART II
1. Review of Literature
– Review and discuss literature: Synthesize at least 10 primary research studies and/or systematic reviews; do not include summary articles. This section is all about the scientific evidence rather than someone else’s opinion of the evidence. Do not use secondary sources; you need to get the article, read it, and make your own decision about quality and applicability to your question even if you did find out about the study in a review of the literature. This is a synthesis rather than a study by study review. Address the similarities, differences, and controversies in the body of evidence.
2. Analyze and apply knowledge directly to your PICOT- The studies that you cite in this section must relate directly to your PICOT question.
3. Provide precise body of evidence for your Practice Change
4. Discuss objectives for your practice change
5. Discuss where the problem exists, why it exists, what is the preposition for change
6. Apply all that is relevant to the problem. For example: Pros vs Cons, current state of problem
NOTE: It should not reflect your opinion, but rather Evidence Based Practice should be applied
-After completing a literature search on interventions addressing your chosen health problem, write a review that evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of all the sources you have found.
-Use appropriate APA 7th Ed. format along with Syllabus outline
-Scholarly, peer-reviewed, and research articles cited should be within the last five years.
-This section should be 4-6 pages long (not including the title and reference page).
-Use proper in-text citations with a properly formatted reference list.
-All papers must be written in the 3rd person.Number of pages:
4 pages = 1100 words Formatting style:
APA
Language Style:
English (U.S.)
Sources:
10

What is the role of Biostatistics science in Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Control?
Instructions for submission:
Assignment must be submitted with properly filled cover sheet (Name, ID, CRN, Submission date) in word document, Pdf is not accepted.
Length of the write-up should be 200-500 words.
Text size 12-Times New Roman with 1.5-line spacing. Heading should be Bold
The text color should be Black Do proper paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism with proper references/sources.
References must be in APA

Country is SOMALIA: This assignment asks you questions related to the economic context of your country with a special emphasis on health funding and health systems. Finances play a crucial role in public health and health systems: the amount of money invested into health care is likely a crucial determinant of services and the quality of services provided. Equally important is who pays for these services: are these government expenses, out-of-pocket costs or are international agencies funding large parts of the healthcare sector? In other words, who pays gives you an idea of how autonomous a country is or how big the burden on individuals is in case they fall ill.
Please label all figures included in your responses, including a brief descriptive title. Please include references/citations for each response below; these do not count towards your word limit.
Please respond to the guiding questions for each section below:  
Section 1: What is the country’s general economic condition? Does it carry significant debt burden (e.g., % of GDP) and how does this impact the availability of services? (100-200 words, 1-2 figures) (4 points) 
Tip: You can find information about national debt through the International Monetary Fund at site.. To analyze the impact on the availability of services you can go back to last week’s assignment.
Section 2: How reliant is the country on development assistance for health, meaning what percentage of total health funding comes from development assistance for health (DAH)? (50-100 words, 1 figure) (2 points)  
Tip: The IHME Financing Global Health Tool provides helpful information on health funding and developmental assistance. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/fgh/Links to an external site.. Check out the `Spending sources` tab.
Section 3: How does the country’s debt burden impact the health systems sector? Does the government spend at least 15% of its GDP on health? Does the country benefit from external budget support or Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiatives? (50 -100 words) (3 points) 
Tip: World Bank provides information on HIPC countries at https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/debt/brief/hipcpart Section 4: Based on what you learned during the lectures and over the course of prior assignments, what types of changes with regards to health care and health systems would be most beneficial in your chosen country? (200-300 words) (6 points) 
Tip: To answer this question, you will need to draw from the knowledge you gained during modules 3 to 6.
Rubric
Economic Context and Health Funding
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 1- Describes country’s general economic condition and debt burden, including impact on health systems and services
– Provides 1-2 figures/tables with adequate labels
– Stays within word limits and cites references
4 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
4 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 2- Describes country’s reliance on development assistance for health, including data (% of total health funding from DAH)
– Provides 1 figure (adequately labeled) and stays within word limits
– Adequately cites references
2 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 3- Discusses how the country’s debt burden impacts the health systems sector.
– Describes the % of GDP spent on health.
Describes the role of external budget support or Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiatives in the country
– Provides 1 figure with adequate labels.
– Stays within word limits and cites references.
3 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 4- Discussion of specific interventions/types of interventions that would benefit the country
– Provides rationale for suggested intervention(s) and discusses their strengths and limitations
– Provides 1 figure and stays within word limits
– Adequately cites references
below is the reading you will also refer to

Country is SOMALIA: This assignment asks you questions related to the economic context of your country with a special emphasis on health funding and health systems. Finances play a crucial role in public health and health systems: the amount of money invested into health care is likely a crucial determinant of services and the quality of services provided. Equally important is who pays for these services: are these government expenses, out-of-pocket costs or are international agencies funding large parts of the healthcare sector? In other words, who pays gives you an idea of how autonomous a country is or how big the burden on individuals is in case they fall ill.
Please label all figures included in your responses, including a brief descriptive title. Please include references/citations for each response below; these do not count towards your word limit.
Please respond to the guiding questions for each section below:  
Section 1: What is the country’s general economic condition? Does it carry significant debt burden (e.g., % of GDP) and how does this impact the availability of services? (100-200 words, 1-2 figures) (4 points) 
Tip: You can find information about national debt through the International Monetary Fund at site.. To analyze the impact on the availability of services you can go back to last week’s assignment.
Section 2: How reliant is the country on development assistance for health, meaning what percentage of total health funding comes from development assistance for health (DAH)? (50-100 words, 1 figure) (2 points)  
Tip: The IHME Financing Global Health Tool provides helpful information on health funding and developmental assistance. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/fgh/Links to an external site.. Check out the `Spending sources` tab.
Section 3: How does the country’s debt burden impact the health systems sector? Does the government spend at least 15% of its GDP on health? Does the country benefit from external budget support or Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiatives? (50 -100 words) (3 points) 
Tip: World Bank provides information on HIPC countries at https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/debt/brief/hipcpart Section 4: Based on what you learned during the lectures and over the course of prior assignments, what types of changes with regards to health care and health systems would be most beneficial in your chosen country? (200-300 words) (6 points) 
Tip: To answer this question, you will need to draw from the knowledge you gained during modules 3 to 6.
Rubric
Economic Context and Health Funding
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 1- Describes country’s general economic condition and debt burden, including impact on health systems and services
– Provides 1-2 figures/tables with adequate labels
– Stays within word limits and cites references
4 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
4 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 2- Describes country’s reliance on development assistance for health, including data (% of total health funding from DAH)
– Provides 1 figure (adequately labeled) and stays within word limits
– Adequately cites references
2 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 3- Discusses how the country’s debt burden impacts the health systems sector.
– Describes the % of GDP spent on health.
Describes the role of external budget support or Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiatives in the country
– Provides 1 figure with adequate labels.
– Stays within word limits and cites references.
3 ptsFull Marks
0 ptsNo Marks
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSection 4- Discussion of specific interventions/types of interventions that would benefit the country
– Provides rationale for suggested intervention(s) and discusses their strengths and limitations
– Provides 1 figure and stays within word limits
– Adequately cites references
below is the reading you will also refer to

Module 5 Assignment: Approaches
Formatting:
Submit as a Microsoft word document
Type your name in bold in the top left corner
Please use Arial font, size 11 or larger, and provide at least one-half inch margins all around
Page limit: 1 page MAXIMUM, single spaced
INSTRUCTIONS
After carefully reading through Chapter 4, Five Qualitative Approaches to Inquiry, and reviewing Tables 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, choose the Approach that best fits your Research Question.
Please note that you must include references from the assigned reading in order to receive full credit. Be sure to include the specific page number from the assigned reading that you are citing.
Please type your research question at the top of the page. Then respond to the following questions:
Which Approach is best suited to your research question? Explain why this is the optimal Approach for your question.
Explain why each of the other Approaches is sub-optimal compared to the Approach you have chosen.
Rubric
Approaches Rubric
Approaches Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeFormatting & References
1 ptsNo Description
Adhered to formatting instructions and page limits. References were complete and specific page numbers cited were included within the document text.
0 ptsNo Description
Did not follow formatting instructions and/or page limits. Did not include complete references.
1 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSpelling & Grammar
2 ptsNo Description
The assignment is well written with no major errors.
1 ptsNo Description
The assignment is mostly readable but includes multiple spelling or grammar errors.
0 ptsNo Description
The assignment is very difficult to read and understand due to multiple major errors.
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeOrganization
2 ptsNo Description
Writing is coherent and logically organized with transitions between ideas and paragraphs to create coherence.
1 ptsNo Description
Writing is coherent but lacks logical organization. Some points are misplaced or stray from the topic. Transitions are not always evident or used throughout the essay.
0 ptsNo Description
Writing lacks logical organization and essay is not coherent.
2 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent & Completeness
5 ptsNo Description
The assignment is complete and includes responses to all questions. Content demonstrates accurate, in-depth comprehension and analysis of reading. Content demonstrates in-depth, original, and analytical thought on the topic. Ideas are firmly developed.
4 ptsNo Description
The assignment is complete and includes responses to all questions. Content demonstrates comprehension of the majority of the reading. Content demonstrates original thought on the topic. Ideas are firmly developed.
3 ptsNo Description
The assignment is complete and includes responses to all questions. Content shows some comprehension of reading. Content shows some thinking and reasoning. Some ideas are underdeveloped.
2 ptsNo Description
The assignment does not include responses to all questions. Content does not show comprehension of reading. Ideas are undeveloped.
5 pts

I have uploaded detailed instruction for this final project. PLEASE READ CAREFULLY AND ADHERE TO THE DETAILS.