Category: Botany

photosynthesis definition:-Photosynthesis is the biochemical process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose or other organic molecules. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, water (H2O) taken up by the roots, and light energy absorbed by chlorophyll pigment molecules. Through a series of complex reactions, including the light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions, photosynthesis produces oxygen (O2) as a byproduct and carbohydrates, such as glucose, which serve as energy sources for the organism. Photosynthesis is crucial for sustaining life on Earth as it is the primary means by which energy from the sun is converted into forms usable by living organisms.6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2
In words, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), in the presence of light energy, are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). This equation represents the overall process of photosynthesis, encompassing both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

Classification of plant families based on the secretion of chemical compounds.
Please write a 10-15 page research paper that uses the classification of plant families based on the secretion of chemical compounds Use recent references and research published between 2017-2023. Next, summarize in a PowerPoint presentation.
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Upward movement of minerals from roots mostly occurs through xylem alongwith the ascent of sap. It is confirmed (1) Ringing experiment, involving removal of phloem containing bark, does not disturb mineral uptake till the roots in active. (ii) Tracer technique (Stout and Hoagland, 1938) using radio-active mineral shows that the mineral passes upward exclusively through xylem if the bark is separated from it by paraffin paper. Export of minerals from leaf occurs throug phloem. Phloem can pass mineral both in upward and downward directions.

a respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide, contrary to the general pattern of photosynthesis.

Identify the meiotic stage in which
(a)the chromosome becomes gradually visible with compaction of chromatin
(b)the complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosome