Details on Real-World Implementation

NOTED FROM  ASSIGNMENT WEEK3!!!
That said, there are a few areas where you could push this even further. While you did a great job discussing the interventions, I’d love to see a bit more detail on how these programs are implemented in real-world settings. For example, how do community health workers or social workers adapt these interventions to meet the unique needs of their clients? Additionally, while you mentioned the lack of focus on adolescent fathers, it would be great to see you expand on this a bit more. What specific barriers do teen dads face, and how might interventions be tailored to better support them? This is such an important gap in the research, and it’s one that social workers in the field are increasingly being asked to address.
Lastly, your research questions are clear and well-aligned with the problem statement, but I think you could strengthen them by making them a bit more specific. For example, instead of asking how the program impacts parenting competence, you might ask how it impacts specific aspects of parenting competence, like communication skills or confidence in setting boundaries. This would make it easier to measure and would give you more concrete data to work with in a program evaluation.
Overall, though, this is a really solid piece of work. You’ve clearly put a lot of thought into this, and it shows. Keep up the great work—this is the kind of thinking that will make you an effective social worker in the field!

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!


Step 1: Understand the Feedback

The feedback you’ve received is valuable, and it’s important to break it down into actionable steps. Here’s a breakdown of what to focus on:

  • Details on Real-World Implementation: The feedback encourages you to delve deeper into how interventions are applied in real-world settings. Focus on how community health workers and social workers adapt interventions to meet the specific needs of clients. This could include challenges they face, and how they modify their approach based on individual circumstances.

  • Expand on Adolescent Fathers: You are advised to expand your discussion on adolescent fathers by examining the specific barriers they face and how interventions can be tailored for them. Think about factors like financial instability, societal stigma, or lack of support that could affect their engagement with parenting programs.

  • Refining Research Questions: The feedback suggests that your research questions could be made more specific. This will help you focus on concrete outcomes and make the evaluation process easier to conduct.


Step 2: Dive Deeper into Implementation

To enhance your work, provide concrete examples of how interventions are adapted to meet the needs of different clients. Here are a few ideas:

  • Discuss the training and flexibility of community health workers or social workers. How are they taught to adjust their interventions to cater to the cultural, socioeconomic, and emotional needs of their clients?
  • Give real-world examples of how interventions differ in urban versus rural settings or between different demographic groups. How do social workers make these adjustments to ensure effectiveness?

Step 3: Explore Teen Fathers’ Needs

In your response, be sure to highlight the barriers faced by teen fathers. Consider:

  • Emotional and social barriers: Stigma around teen parenting, lack of social support, or relationship struggles with the child’s mother.
  • Economic challenges: Limited access to stable employment, and how this affects their participation in parenting programs.
  • Educational gaps: Teen dads might lack essential parenting knowledge or feel disconnected from resources.

You could also suggest ways to tailor interventions to address these unique needs. For instance, offering programs that focus on financial literacy, father-specific parenting training, and building social support networks.


Step 4: Refine Your Research Questions

Now, refine your research questions to make them more specific and measurable. Instead of broad questions, think about narrowing them down to specific aspects of parenting competence, like:

  • “How does the program affect communication skills between adolescent fathers and their children?”
  • “How does the program increase confidence in adolescent fathers when setting boundaries and disciplining their children?”

These types of questions will make it easier to measure progress and outcomes in a program evaluation, providing you with more concrete data to support your findings.


Step 5: Polish Your Work

  • Review your overall structure to ensure that you’re addressing the feedback points in a clear, detailed manner.
  • Make sure your argument flows logically, incorporating real-world examples and expanded discussions where needed.
  • Proofread for clarity and coherence before final submission.

By following these steps, you’ll elevate your work by incorporating the feedback you’ve received, refining your focus, and making your responses even more specific and detailed.

Descriptive Statistics and Data Illustration

Complete Session 6 Cast Study: Case Study 13.1 in the textbook.
Submit a Word document formatted in APA style complete with cover and reference pages.  The reference page must have at least one entry:  the textbook.
The submission must be a form Research Report with the following parts:

Background information about the case:  The section must provide information about the people, places, operations, business, etc. and the research question or practical business challenges for which the current research will be used to provide a solution .  This section need not be long; up to two well written paragraphs are usually sufficient.

Descriptive Statistics and Data illustration:  In this section, the submission must summarize how the data was obtained (see chapter 1 of the text). Graphs and charts illustrating the main features of the data are also required – please see chapter 2 of the textbook.   Finally, a table of descriptive statistics accompanied by  description and explanations of the main features of the data are also required.

Statistical Method:  This part of the submission must explain the main statistical method(s) used in the case.   What is the theory behind it? What are the working hypotheses (null and alternative, etc.), what main measures, statistics, or parameters etc.,  are to be estimated or calculated using the method; how does it measures or calculates these measures, statistics, or parameters?  Finally, this section must describe how the results of the statistical method are interpreted. That is, what is it about the results that would indicate that the working hypotheses or research questions are confirmed or rejected or perhaps need to be modified and tested again?

Results:  The actual results of the statistical method applied to the data are now presented in this section.  The section requires the student to describe the results and their theoretical interpretation based on the description of the method described in the previous section.

Conclusion and Recommendation:  This section restates the statistical results and applies it to the business situation in the case.  It also makes practical recommendations about what steps the business in the case can take going forward based on the results of the statistical analysis.  The application and recommendation can take one or more of these general forms.

The statistical results of the data analysis provided an answer(s) to the issues that the business is facing.  As a result specific policies or practical steps can be implemented in the business.
The statistical results of the data analysis provided only partial answers.  More research and tests need to be done to come up with a more useful answers for the business situation.
The statistical results did not provide any useful information for the challenges that a business(s) is facing.  Recommendations for conducting new research with new approaches, data, variables, etc. may be required.
Note:  there is always room for ‘further research’ since it is impossible for a single research case to answer every possible question.

Note
The textbook provides narratives, questions, or actual steps/questions for each case study.  While these are useful for conducting actual research, the submission must take the form of a research report and follow the above pattern.
Consistent with the emphasis of this course on interpretation, an edited version of the answer key for the case study have been provided here Download here.  Students are required to use the information to enhance their understanding of the statistical methods and the results obtained.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!


Step-by-Step Guide to Completing the Case Study Assignment

To make your assignment more manageable and organized, here’s a detailed breakdown of how to approach your Case Study 13.1 for Session 6. Each section should be clear, well-structured, and presented in APA style.


1. Background Information about the Case

What to Do:

  • Start by providing a brief overview of the case. This should include relevant information about the people, places, and operations involved in the case.
  • Identify the business challenges or the main research question the case addresses. The goal is to set the stage for the research report, so ensure this section clearly highlights the context.

Tips:

  • Keep this section concise—two well-written paragraphs should suffice.
  • Focus on the practical business challenges the research is aimed at solving.

2. Descriptive Statistics and Data Illustration

What to Do:

  • Summarize how the data was obtained (refer to Chapter 1 of your textbook for this information).
  • Create graphs and charts that summarize the data (refer to Chapter 2 of the textbook for examples of how to illustrate data features).
  • Include a table of descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, median, standard deviation) and describe the main features of the data. This part should also include explanations of any trends or patterns in the data.

Tips:

  • Use appropriate charts and graphs to visualize the data (bar charts, histograms, pie charts, etc.).
  • Make sure your descriptive statistics table clearly shows the key data points.
  • Provide interpretation of the data—what do the statistics and visualizations tell you?

3. Statistical Method

What to Do:

  • In this section, explain the main statistical method(s) used in the case.
    • What is the theory behind the statistical test or method used?
    • What are the working hypotheses (e.g., null hypothesis vs. alternative hypothesis)?
    • What are the main statistics or parameters being estimated or calculated?
    • How does the method measure or calculate these measures?
  • Discuss how the results of the statistical method are interpreted. Does the result confirm, reject, or require further investigation into the hypotheses or research questions?

Tips:

  • Make sure to break down the statistical method in an easy-to-understand way.
  • Use relevant terms from your textbook and course material to explain the method (refer to chapters on statistical tests, such as hypothesis testing or regression analysis).

4. Results

What to Do:

  • Present the actual results from the statistical method applied to the data.
  • Explain how these results align with the hypotheses or research questions outlined in the previous section.
  • Discuss the theoretical interpretation of the results—what do they mean for the business?

Tips:

  • Focus on what the statistical results show.
  • Consider including tables or charts here to display the results more clearly.
  • Make sure to interpret the results—what conclusions can you draw?

5. Conclusion and Recommendation

What to Do:

  • Restate the key findings from your statistical analysis and apply them to the business situation in the case.
  • Offer practical recommendations for the business based on the analysis.
    • If the statistical results addressed the business challenges, provide actionable recommendations.
    • If only partial answers were found, suggest further research to answer remaining questions.
    • If the results didn’t provide useful answers, recommend alternative approaches to research or data collection.

Tips:

  • Provide specific, actionable steps the business can take based on your analysis.
  • Remember, if the statistical results are inconclusive, it’s okay to recommend further research.

6. APA Formatting & Reference Page

What to Do:

  • Ensure that your paper is formatted according to APA guidelines (cover page, in-text citations, font, spacing, margins, etc.).
  • Include a reference page at the end of your paper. At minimum, include the textbook as a reference, but feel free to add any additional resources you used.
    • Example of reference for a textbook:
      Author(s). (Year). Title of the textbook. Publisher.

Tips:

  • Double-check your APA formatting—this includes title page, headers, and in-text citations.
  • Make sure the reference page is in alphabetical order and includes all the required citation information.

Final Tips for Success:

  • Stay Organized: Follow the report structure outlined above. Use clear headings for each section and keep your writing focused.
  • Be Clear and Concise: In each section, avoid unnecessary details. Stick to the key points that are relevant to the assignment.
  • Proofread: Before submitting, carefully proofread your report to catch any errors in grammar, spelling, or formatting.

By following these steps, you’ll be able to effectively complete your research report and tackle the case study in an organized and insightful manner.

 Analyzing a Journal Article with Contingency Analysis or Goodness-of-Fit Test

Submit a NOT MORE THAN one page response to the following question.  Your submission must be in APA style complete with Cover and Reference (with at least one entry – the textbook) pages. Your submission will be checked for plagiarism using Turnitin.  Evidence of plagiarism will at the minimum result in an automatic ‘0’ for the assignment. Additional penalties may be levied.  Please also see SWU policies on Academic Honesty.
All policies of the  Benson School of Business Writing Manual must also be observed.
13-35. Locate a journal article that uses either contingency analysis or a goodness-of-fit test. Discuss the article, paying particular attention to the reasoning behind using the particular statistical test.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!


Step-by-Step Guide to Analyzing a Journal Article with Contingency Analysis or Goodness-of-Fit Test

This assignment requires you to find a journal article that uses either contingency analysis or a goodness-of-fit test and discuss the reasoning behind using these particular statistical methods. Here’s how to approach it step-by-step:

1. Locate a Relevant Journal Article

What to Do:

  • Start by searching for a journal article that uses either contingency analysis or a goodness-of-fit test. You can access academic databases such as JSTOR, Google Scholar, or your school’s library resources.
  • Look for articles that focus on business, economics, or other fields where statistical analysis is frequently used. The article should involve a study or analysis where one of these tests is central.

Tips:

  • Choose a recent article for relevance, but older articles are fine if they are relevant to your topic.
  • Make sure the article explicitly mentions either contingency analysis or a goodness-of-fit test.

2. Explain the Chosen Statistical Test

What to Do:

  • Once you’ve located the article, identify which statistical test was used: contingency analysis or goodness-of-fit test.
  • Provide a brief explanation of what the test involves.
    • Contingency Analysis (Chi-Square Test): This test is used to examine the relationship between two categorical variables to see if there is an association between them.
    • Goodness-of-Fit Test: This test is used to determine how well a set of observed data fits a theoretical distribution.

Tips:

  • Clearly define the statistical test in simple terms for readers unfamiliar with statistics.
  • Include a brief description of how the test works and why it’s relevant for the study in the article.

3. Discuss the Reasoning Behind Using the Statistical Test

What to Do:

  • Examine why the authors of the article chose this particular test. What was the research question or hypothesis they were addressing?
  • Did they use contingency analysis to check for associations between categories, or was the goodness-of-fit test used to see if the data fit a particular distribution?
  • Discuss the strengths of using the test in the context of the research. For example, was one test chosen over another because it best addressed the data structure or research objectives?

Tips:

  • Look at the study’s design and objectives. What was the main problem or question the authors were trying to solve or answer?
  • Consider factors such as the data type (categorical or continuous) and the number of variables involved when explaining why the test was appropriate.

4. Highlight Key Results from the Article

What to Do:

  • Once you’ve explained the reasoning behind the test, briefly summarize the results of the statistical test in the article.
  • Did the test reveal significant results, and how did those results support the hypothesis or research question?

Tips:

  • Focus on how the test helped the authors reach conclusions about their data.
  • Avoid going into too much detail about the results; instead, focus on how the test helped to answer the research question.

Final Touch: Conclusion

Conclude your discussion by summarizing the key points:

  • Why the statistical test was chosen.
  • The importance of the test in helping the researchers analyze their data.
  • How the test contributed to answering the research question.

Important Tips for Success:

  • Use Clear Examples: When explaining the statistical test, use simple examples if possible to make the explanation clearer.
  • Stay Focused: Keep your discussion centered on the test and its relevance to the research.
  • Support with Evidence: Ensure you reference the article properly and highlight the section where the test is discussed.

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  Assignment 1: Confidence Interval for one sample continuous outcome, sample s

 
Assignment 1: Confidence Interval for one sample continuous outcome, sample size >=30. 
1. Suppose you are a junior researcher of a research team. You want to know the true mean age of 2,500 freshmen students of MSU. You have randomly selected 144 freshmen (n=144), and collected their age. The mean age x¯ = 25.3 years with a standard deviation s = 5.7.
a. Compute a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the true mean age of freshmen. (10 points).
b. Interpret your findings. (5 points).
Assignment 2: Confidence Interval for one sample continuous outcome, sample size <30.  Now assume that due to time and money constraints, you have collected data (age) only from 28 students (n=28) with the mean x¯ =24.2 years and standard deviation s = 4.3. a. Compute a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the true mean age for freshmen (10 points). b. Interpret your findings (5 points). c. Is there any difference between when you have collected data from 144 students and you have collected data from only 28 students? If so, what are the difference? Why it happens? (5 bonus points).  Assignment 3: Confidence Interval for one sample dichotomous outcome  In a sample of 1,540 patients attending at emergency room (ER) department, 231 patients were diagnosed with cardiac failure. a. Calculate the confidence interval for patients with heart failure with 90% confidence level. (10 points). b. Interpret the findings. (5 points)

I have a study entitled: Psychiatric nurses’ perspectives on using coping mecha

I have a study entitled: Psychiatric nurses’ perspectives on using coping mechanisms towards job stress. Study methodology: Delphi mechanism 
Target sample: 15-30 
Study objective: Identifying the coping mechanisms used by psychiatric nurses towards job stress Attachments: 
1- Study plan 
2- Questionnaire used: https://forms.gle/MkT8oNfZZuBYGbQL6 3- Statistical analysis of 2 rounds using SPSS program 
3- Data collection 
Note: Coding in the analysis is as follows: 
1- Age 30-35 (1) 36-40 (2) 41-45 (3) 46-50 (4) 50-and above (5) 
2- Gender: Male (1), Female (2) 
3- Occupation: Health practitioner (1), Academic (2) 
4- Academic degree: Diploma (1), Bachelor’s (2), Master’s (3), Doctorate (4) 
5- Department: Hospital (1), College (2) 
6- Years of experience: 1-5 (1), 6-10 (2), 11-15(3), 16-20(4), 21-above (5)  
Please: Revise the scientific paper for publication in scientific journals, write Results, descriptive findings, discussion, conclusion.  
You can rely on the steps of this paper and do what is necessary. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260691724002259?dgcid=author  
Proposed journal for publication: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education  
Thank you very much in advance…

 The visuals for each type of chart need to be copied & pasted from SPSS.    De

 The visuals for each type of chart need to be copied & pasted from SPSS. 
 
Descriptive Statistics Lab
This week, we are building on the concept of levels of measurement to show how different descriptive statistics are appropriate for different types of variables. That is, some descriptive statistics are better at describing certain variable types but not others. For example, if I want to describe the center of an interval or ratio level variable, I would be better served by using the mean or median than I would be if I used the mode. Your task will be to apply the conceptual knowledge of matching levels of measurement with appropriate descriptive statistics as a way to analyze variables in SPSS.

Activity:

Download the lab data HERE Download HERE https://piedmont.instructure.com/courses/28830/fil…
This data set should be familiar because we worked with it last module. Review the data and refresh your understanding of the variables.
Take particular note of the information in the Measure column. Use this information to make decisions about which descriptive statistics you will run for each variable.
For each variable, run descriptive statistics and identify which measures are most appropriate for describing the variable.

**Note: Make sure to put your work into 1 single Word document that you will submit for this assignment. Include your answers to the questions AND the SPSS output in the Word document that you submit.

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Rubric
SPSS Lab Rubric
SPSS Lab Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeAccuracy
3 pts
Exemplary
No more than 2 incorrect answers. High attention to detail and excellent application of course curriculum to module activity.
2 pts
Competent
3-5 incorrect answers. Moderate attention to detail and good application of course curriculum to module activity.
1 pts
Developing
More than 5 incorrect answers. Poor attention to detail and poor application of course curriculum to module activity.
3 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeOrganization
2 pts
Exemplary
Submission is clean, immaculately organized, contains all pieces of information required for the lab. SPSS output organized very well and clearly connected to text answers.
1 pts
Competent
Submission is mostly organized, if missing pieces of information, only missing 1-2 pieces of information. SPSS output mostly organized and generally has a clear connection to text answers.
0 pts
Developing
Submission is disorganized, missing several pieces of information, and generally difficult to read. SPSS output unclear in its organization and possibly missing.

  To calculate the correla on factor (r), go to Excel, Formulas, Sta s cs, a

  To calculate the correla on factor (r), go to Excel, Formulas, Sta s cs, and select the CORREL func on.
  To calculate the Regression Equa on and Coe cient of Determina on: a. Select the x,y data
b. Insert a sca er chart from that data
c. Click the chart, go to Chart Design
d. Go to Quick Layout
e. Select Layout 9
f. Then you get the Regression Equa on, and r square.
1) Exercise 23, page 159.
Roadway conges on is a costly item, in both me wasted, and fuel wasted. Let X represent the average annual hours per person spent in tra c delays and let Y represent the average annual gallons of fuel wasted per person in tra c delays.
a) Draw a sca er diagram for the data.
b) Compute r (Coe cient of Correla on).
c) Is there a correla on?
X (hr)
Y (gal)
28
48
5
3
20
24
35
55
20
34
23
38
18
28
5
9
2) Exercise 7, page 172.
Let X represent the total number of jobs in each neighborhood, and let Y represent the number of entry-level jobs in the same neighborhood. A sample of six neighborhoods gave the following informa on (units in hundreds of jobs).
X
Y
16
2
33
3
50
6
28
5
50
9
25
3
a) Calculate the media of jobs.
b) Calculate the media of entry-level jobs.
c) Compute r (Coe cient of Correla on).
d) Draw a sca er diagram for the data, showing the regression line.
e) Calculate the Coe cient of Determina on.
f) Calculate the Regression Equa on.
g) Ques on: If a neighborhood with 40 jobs, how many are predicted to be entry-level jobs?

To calculate the correlation factor (r), go to Excel, Formulas, Statistics, a

To calculate the correlation factor (r), go to Excel, Formulas, Statistics, and select the CORREL function.
To calculate the Regression Equation and Coefficient of Determination:
a. Select the x,y data
b. Insert a scatter chart from that data
c. Click the chart, go to Chart Design
d. Go to Quick Layout
e. Select Layout 9
f. Then you get the Regression Equation, and r square.
Using MS Excel, prepare a Simple Linear Regression for the following data:
In the data that follows, X=median diameter (in millimeters) of granules of sand, and Y=gradient of beach slope in degrees on natural ocean beaches.
 
   
X  
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.235
0.235
0.30
0.35
0.42
0.85 
Y
0.63
0.70
0.82
0.88
1.15
1.50
4.40
7.30
11.30
 
Then using MS Excel:
 1) Find the sample mean and standard deviation for x and y.
2) Calculate the Coefficient of Correlation (r).
3) Make a scatter plot.
4) If there is correlation, then find the equation of the least-square line or regression line, and then graph the line on the scatter plot.
5) Find the coefficient of determination r**2 (r square).

200-300 words  One of the disturbing uses of statistics in the media is taking

200-300 words
 One of the disturbing uses of statistics in the media is taking statistical information and displaying the information in an exaggerated manner to trick the reader into a certain point of view. On pages 98-100 of your textbook, pick one of the following problems:1, 2, 3a, 4a, 5, 6, 7a, 8, 9, 13, or 15. Discuss how the graph is misleading. Why might the graph’s creator have made the graph this way? How could the graph be improved to show the information in an unbiased manner? Do you think it is unethical to portray information in this way? Why or why not?