Category: Sociology

Tell me how the phenomena you observed are consistent (or not) with the concepts you’ve learned so far. How are the
neighborhoods similar or different? What does it all tell you about the life experiences and opportunities for those in each location?

Summarize the post .
For each discussion activity, you are responsible for posting a reply to at least one postings made by your classmates.
After you have made your original post, read some of the posts from your classmates and construct two reply post of 100-150 words that responds to two of your group-mate’s original posts. Your reply post should be written such that it does one or more of: identifies something that you find especially interesting or insightful about your classmate’s original post; poses an engaging and relevant question and/or builds on the ideas from your classmate’s original post; raises a real-life experience or observation that you feel would be relevant to illustrate or help further develop an idea or point in your classmate’s original post.
Please note that you will need to make an original post before you can read and respond to your peers’ posts.
Some points to keep in mind:
Be clear and to the point in your postings.
Edit your work. Your posts should be coherent and use proper grammar and spelling.
Keep postings to 100-150 words. Quality is better than quantity.
Contribute your own thoughts about the material you have read.
Support your thoughts by referencing the readings used, and references used in post below or other outside literature.
Raise additional questions or points of discussion to stimulate further discussion.
If you have questions, show that you have already tried to find a solution.
Respect the viewpoints of your peers. Ask for clarification if you don’t understand a point. Assume good intentions.
Use the proper terminology introduced in the course readings.
When using literature in your postings, make sure to provide references in proper APA 7 Style.
Show respect and sensitivity to peers’ gender, cultural and linguistic background, political, and religious beliefs.
You are strongly encouraged to take the time to review the following documents on writing quality discussion posting and on taking roles in discussions.Taking a role in online discussion.Taking a Role in Online Discussions Below are some roles that anyone in an online discussion can fulfill in order to help move an online discussion forward in productive ways. See if you can determine what role is required in your online discussion and then write a message that takes on that role. Devil’s Advocate • Takes opposing points of view to those currently under discussion Pollinator • Travels to other groups, reads their postings and summarizes points made in other groups not made in home group. Facilitator • Comments on the groups process (e.g. “Perhaps we should all remember to put a subject line in our messages.”) • Encourages others to participate, • Starts a thread or an idea on the topic, if the discussion lags. Summarizer / Discussion Weaver • Summarizes the discussion for the group at specific intervals in 1 or 2 short paragraphs. Usually summarizes twice per week or if the discussion lags • Reminds others about what has already been discussed. • Asks the group what issues have been concluded and what ones are still to be discussed. • Relates ideas in posted messages to one another. Researcher • Assumes responsibility for looking at what is available on the net, journals etc. and brings ideas back to the group. Responder Replies to others and builds on the ideas of others. This is a role that everyone in the group must perform for every discussion.
POST-1 (Vihanya Jayatilake)
The readings I would focus on are the compelling explanations or motivations for serial homicide presented in Levin and Fox’s (2017) Multiple Homicide: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder and Pettigrew’s (2020) Confessions of a Serial Killer: A Neutralization Analysis.
Compelling Explanation or Motivation for Serial Homicide:Levin and Fox (2017) highlight several motivations for serial homicide, such as power and control, financial gain, and sexual desire. Of these, I find the need for power and control most compelling. This explanation suggests that many serial killers are driven by a desire to exert dominance over their victims, and the act of killing fulfills this need. Serial killers often feel powerless in other areas of their lives, so they seek to compensate by controlling others in the most extreme way possible – by taking their lives. This theory aligns with the personality traits of many serial killers, such as narcissism and psychopathy, which are characterized by a lack of empathy and a need to manipulate others (Levin & Fox, 2017).
Paul Bernardo Case Study:Paul Bernardo, known as one of Canada’s most infamous serial killers, fits several of the typical demographic characteristics associated with serial murderers. He was a white male, middle-class, and in his twenties when he committed most of his crimes, which is consistent with many profiles of serial killers (Levin & Fox, 2017). He was highly methodical and driven by sexual sadism, a common motivation for serial killers in the United States (Pettigrew, 2020). Bernardo, alongside his wife Karla Homolka, committed a string of brutal rapes and murders in Ontario, notably involving schoolgirls.
What makes the case even more chilling is the fact that his wife Karla Homolka, who actively participated in the crimes, lived in St. Catharines, where I live with my parents. They even spent part of their honeymoon there and carried out some of their horrific acts in this very community (Butts, 2016). It’s unnerving to think that such heinous events took place so close to home.
Bernardo’s motivations align strongly with the sexual sadism and need for control that Levin and Fox describe. He preyed on vulnerable young women, exploiting his relationships and carefully planning his attacks, showing the manipulative and power-driven traits often observed in serial offenders.
Demographic Profile:Paul Bernardo fits several demographic characteristics common to serial killers, as identified in the literature. Serial killers are often white males, between the ages of 25 and 40, and have a history of escalating violent behaviour (Levin & Fox, 2017). Bernardo was 27 when he committed his first murder, and his criminal activities followed a pattern of escalation from voyeurism to rape and eventually to murder. Additionally, serial killers frequently target individuals with whom they have little personal connection, as was the case with Bernardo’s victims, who were mostly strangers or acquaintances.
Bernardo’s relationship with Karla Homolka also stands out because it’s uncommon for serial killers to operate in pairs. However, their dynamic further illustrates the power and control motive, as Bernardo manipulated Homolka into participating in the crimes (Pettigrew, 2020).
References
Levin, J., & Fox, J. A. (2017). Multiple homicide: Understanding serial and mass murder. Wiley Online Library. https://doi-org.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/10.1002/9781118924501.ch15
Pettigrew, M. (2020). Confessions of a Serial Killer: A Neutralisation Analysis. Homicide Studies, 24(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767918793674
Butts, E. (2016). Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka Case. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/paul-bernardo-and-karla-homolka-case
POST-2(Alyssa Speyer)
From Levin and Fox (2017), one of the most compelling motivations for serial homicide is the desire for power and control. This explanation resonates because many serial killers exhibit a need to dominate their victims, often choosing individuals they perceive as vulnerable. The killings are often driven not by immediate gratification but by the sustained feeling of total control over another life. This aligns with serial killers’ tendency to meticulously plan their crimes and prolong the experience to maintain control. Many serial killers demonstrate this through sadistic acts, where the torture and domination of their victims become central.
In Pettigrew’s (2020) work, the concept of neutralisation theory is also compelling. Serial killers often rationalise their actions to minimise guilt. Pettigrew discusses how killers may use strategies such as denial of victim or denial of responsibility to distance themselves emotionally from their crimes. This psychological mechanism is powerful because it explains how otherwise ordinary individuals can engage in such horrific actions without breaking down psychologically. The power/control motivation offers a comprehensive explanation for many serial killers actions, particularly those whose crimes escalate over time. Pettigrew’s neutralisation theory provides insight into how serial killers cope with their crimes psychologically, explaining the lack of remorse often observed in them.
The name I selected is Paul Bernardo because he was someone who my mom has brought up to me multiple times, due to being raised in Scarborough. Bernardo, also known as the Scarborough Rapist, is a notorious Canadian serial killer and rapist, active during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Together with his wife, Karla Homolka, he committed a series of rapes and murders, targeting young women, including his wife’s own sister.
Bernardo’s actions were driven by sadistic sexual desires. His enjoyment of domination and torture fits the hedonistic category of serial killers, as defined by Levin and Fox. His violent sexual fantasies escalated into acts of rape and murder, driven by a need for physical and psychological gratification. Bernardo sought to dominate his victims, both physically and emotionally. His acts of torture were prolonged and intentional, demonstrating a deep need to assert his power. His videotaping of the crimes is an example of this control, as he likely replayed the recordings to relive the sense of domination. Bernardo rationalised his actions by portraying himself as a victim of circumstance and even claimed that his wife Karla Homolka was the mastermind behind some of the murders. He denied responsibility for the full extent of his crimes during his trial, using denial of responsibility as a psychological defence. Paul Bernardo fits many of the typical demographic characteristics of serial killers as described in criminological literature. He is a white male, and serial killers tend to be overwhelmingly male and often white. He committed his crimes in his mid-20s, aligning with research that suggests many serial killers start in their early adulthood. His background as an educated individual with a respectable outward appearance is also typical of serial killers who often blend in with society, making them more difficult to catch. Bernardo predominantly targeted young women, often strangers. Serial killers typically choose victims who are either strangers or vulnerable members of society. This fits the broader pattern of victimisation seen in many serial murder cases. His ability to manipulate his wife, Karla Homolka, into participating in the crimes also speaks to his controlling nature, fitting the pattern of a power-driven serial killer.
Paul Bernardo’s motivations fit strongly with Levin and Fox’s hedonistic and power/control categories. His psychological rationalisations, as explored through Pettigrew’s neutralisation theory, show how he distanced himself from the emotional burden of his crimes. Demographically, he fits many of the standard profiles for serial killers, and his choice of victims young, vulnerable women aligns with what is known about the typical targets of serial killers.
References
Levin, Jack, and James Alan Fox. 2017. “Multiple Homicide: Understanding Serial and Mass Murder.” Chapter 15 in The Handbook of Homicide, edited by Fiona Brookman, Edward R. Maguire, and Mike Maguire. Wiley.
Pettigrew, Mark. 2020. “Confessions of a Serial Killer: A Neutralization Analysis.” Homicide Studies, 24(1): 69-84.
Historica Canada. (2021, June 22). Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka case. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/paul-bernardo-and-karla-homolka-case
LABEL POST -1 AS(Vihanya Jayatilake)
Post -1 summary reply WRITE in 8-12 lines also add personal opnion it should be personal opinion about other post and also add creative atttrcative question.Donot use AI AND CHATGPT AS MAM HAS SOFTWARE TO DETECT EACH AND EVERY LINE . She has software to detect each and every single word.
Label post -2 as (Alyssa Speyer)
Post -2 summary reply WRITE in 8-12 lines also add personal opnion it should be personal opinion about other post and also add creative atttrcative question.Donot use AI AND CHATGPT AS MAM HAS SOFTWARE TO DETECT EACH AND EVERY LINE . She has software to detect each and every single word.
Grading criteria is
Criteria A+ Discussion Post
Reply
Post
(4-5 points)
All response posts engaged classmates in further dialogue on the topic.
Length guidelines met; writing clear and compelling; poses an engaging and relevant question and/or builds on the ideas from a classmate’s original post OR raises a real-life experience or observation relevant to illustrating or further developing an idea or point in a classmate’s original post.please start reading instructions mam
and guidelines and you have to answer to this i am proving the grading rubrics everythong write in own words and donot use AI AND CHATGPT AS MAM HAS THE SOFTAWARE TO DETECT.EACH AND EVERY LINE and each and every single word.
I Have also attached the grading rubric photo which is in form of image grading rubric is very much important you have to follow each and every instruction very carefully.
only these sources which i have provided you have been provided in post for post1 and rerence for post which are provided only those no out source has to be used.
I have attached the grading rubric for student reply post.

Your literature review builds on your concept map which in turn builds on your list of references. A literature review is organized by concept whereas an annotated bibliography is organized by paper. Your task in a literature review assignment is to write about your dependent variable (NATFARE), discussing the research that has been done using one independent variable at a time (Class based on income, Education/degree level, Political affiliation, and Race). For example: if your dependent variable is crime, you would write a paragraph discussing the research that has been done on sex and crime; a separate paragraph on race and crime; another on age and crime, etc. Use the concept map I provided as a guide for writing this. Key Tips: multiple sources can be in one paragraph. Group paragraphs by findings. Try to stick to 1-2 paragraphs per concept map column topic. Each parahraph needs a topic sentence that gives a preview of that paragraph’s topic. Do not immediately start a paragraph with a reference.

Before starting this discussion, identify an event, conflict, news story, or social movement which you are interested in learning more about.
Next, identify two resources that give information about your chosen subject matter. One resource should denote bias, and one should be considered credible and non-biased based on your current understanding of what are acceptable and not acceptable resources. 
Lastly, download the CRAAPO Checklist and utilize it to: ( attached pdf)
* Evaluate each resource you chose.
* Assess if the resources are either biased or non-biased and credible.
* Note that you may discover that your findings may differ from your original beliefs about them. That is okay and an opportunity to continue your development in identifying reliable sources. 
* Lastly, post your assessment of your resources in the forum, including your explanation for “why” or “why not” each resource is credible vs. biased. It is important in your evaluation to acknowledge that no person is free of all bias and no person is flawlessly objective. Include the link to your resources or attach your discussion so your peers can evaluate your findings to gain more experience in this process.
* You must post on this forum to continue into Week 3. The process of identifying non-biased sources can be difficult. Hence, just try your best. 
* Be sure to post your resources in APA format

PLEASE READ THE CHAPTER 7 and complete the responses with all information that is being asked for.
Below are this week’s assignment questions:

(1.) What is the difference between sex and gender?
(2.) How have sexual attitudes evolved in the U.S. throughout the Sexual Revolution and the Sexual Counterrevolution?
(3.) What are the myths related to rape/date-rape?
(4.) Find section 7.4, “Sexual Issues and Controversies,” to see six topics. Select two of your choice.
What challenges may people face when experiencing these topics? For each topic, cite the chapter plus an outside source to support your ideas.
For each topic, describe how you would get further insight on something not covered in the chapter about the topic. What would you want to find out? How would you use any of the sociological methods of data collection (survey, experiment, participant observation, existing sources, etc.) to gather information?
(5.) The section on “Sexual Orientation” provides a graph indicating responses to questions about bisexuality and homosexuality (Figure 7-3).
How do the answers differ based on wording of the question?
How do the answers differ between men and women?
Give possible reasons for the differences in answers and cite one source (textbook or other) to support your statement.
These questions were asked to people in a survey. What do you see as strengths and weaknesses with how those researchers studied sexual orientation?
(6.) How would sexual behavior be analyzed from the perspectives of each sociological theory? From your perspective, which theory do you think gives the best insight on why people have (or do not have) sex? Explain why you selected that theory.
PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THE RUBRIC ATTACHED PLEASE. ALSO: When using outside sources, they must come from a non-biased source, be phrased in your own words, be fully cited, and a work cited page attached. No artificial intelligence programs are allowed.

you will take photographs and reflect upon the sociological implications of those images. The photos need to be your own, either taken by you or connected to you in some way (for example, family or friend photos). Do NOT search the internet for photos. The main goal is to reflect on the sociological implications of your photos in relation to sport issues, controversies, (Violence in sports, deviance, Gender in sports, etc.) You must include at least five images in your project, each connected to a different concept. The images you include can be candid photos of people, scenery, inanimate objects, animals, images from advertising, buildings, food, or anything that strikes you as relevant to the key concepts and issues in this course within your daily life. You may also wish to stage photos, although my experience is that candid photographs are the most compelling.
Please note: If you plan to include photographs of people you should do so while still maintaining their privacy and making sure they consent to having their photo taken. In general, if the person you are photographing has a reasonable expectation of privacy, you should only include their image in such a way that their privacy is not compromised.
You should embed the five images in a PowerPoint presentation, using a basic template design, and include your commentary either on the same slide or on the next slide (depending on the orientation and size of the photo). Your commentary for each image should be 2 paragraphs of about 150-200 total words. Paragraph 1 should include a brief descriiption of the photograph. Paragraph 2 should be a reflection on the sociological implications of the image (this part should be the bulk of your write-up).

The paper should be around six pages long, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, and written in 12-point font. At least five references are required. The paper critically engages an issue of current social concern or controversy. Arguments are based on facts, data and empirical studies. Be sure to engage the arguments of at least two of the readings.
The two readings are Sharon E. Preves, Ph.D., INTERSEX NARRATIVES Gender, Medicine, and Identity, and Rick Noack, SWEDEN IS ABOUT TO ADD A GENDER-NEUTRAL PRONOUN TO ITS OFFICIAL DICTIONARY. This article just reinforces gender-neutral stances, which is good for intersex people.

Please take a few minutes to look at Pablo Picasso’s artwork below: After taking it in tell me what you see and feel in Number one below:
1- Please provide some detail as to some of the things you see, how it makes you feel, and what you think the art is about?
DO NOT READ THIS SECTION UNTIL YOU COMPLETE PART 1 ABOVE.
The painting (1937), which you may have seen before is titled Guernica, named after the town that was bombed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Pictured include a gored horse, a bull, screaming women, a dead baby, a dismembered soldier, and flames. Making the anti-war painting even more powerful is its size (approximately 12 ft x 26 ft). The savagery is unavoidable. The imagery is intentionally lacking color (black and white, dark grays); and his style ties in the fragmented and mutilated human bodies; the lack of realism. It is an abstract depiction of a historical event (the attack on the town of Guernica); and reflects the feelings of agony; desperation; hopelessness; oppression; death; destruction; chaos. A particular symbol that stands out is the “broken” bull – traditionally a symbol of Spain – that, despite the painting’s abstract depiction of war, nevertheless implicates the Spanish nation in particular.
2-Now choose a group in the US with unique “cultural” art. How does it reflect the culture they are immersed in? (NOTE: the artwork may be reflective of a subculture, if so that should be noted). You must include a copy of a typical piece of art in your post.
4- Now choose a piece of artwork that has particular cultural relevance historically from somewhere outside of the US. You must include a picture in your post of the art you have chosen and describe how it makes you feel, what you see, and how it ties in the culture or historical relevance of the time. You may not choose another students posted art so you may post what you desire to use and then come back and add to it later.
5- Tell me why art, which can come in the form of music, graphic, dance, and so much more is often used a form of expression for a culture?

Please take a few minutes to look at Pablo Picasso’s artwork below: After taking it in tell me what you see and feel in Number one below:
1- Please provide some detail as to some of the things you see, how it makes you feel, and what you think the art is about?
DO NOT READ THIS SECTION UNTIL YOU COMPLETE PART 1 ABOVE.
The painting (1937), which you may have seen before is titled Guernica, named after the town that was bombed by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Pictured include a gored horse, a bull, screaming women, a dead baby, a dismembered soldier, and flames. Making the anti-war painting even more powerful is its size (approximately 12 ft x 26 ft). The savagery is unavoidable. The imagery is intentionally lacking color (black and white, dark grays); and his style ties in the fragmented and mutilated human bodies; the lack of realism. It is an abstract depiction of a historical event (the attack on the town of Guernica); and reflects the feelings of agony; desperation; hopelessness; oppression; death; destruction; chaos. A particular symbol that stands out is the “broken” bull – traditionally a symbol of Spain – that, despite the painting’s abstract depiction of war, nevertheless implicates the Spanish nation in particular.
2-Now choose a group in the US with unique “cultural” art. How does it reflect the culture they are immersed in? (NOTE: the artwork may be reflective of a subculture, if so that should be noted). You must include a copy of a typical piece of art in your post.
4- Now choose a piece of artwork that has particular cultural relevance historically from somewhere outside of the US. You must include a picture in your post of the art you have chosen and describe how it makes you feel, what you see, and how it ties in the culture or historical relevance of the time. You may not choose another students posted art so you may post what you desire to use and then come back and add to it later.
5- Tell me why art, which can come in the form of music, graphic, dance, and so much more is often used a form of expression for a culture?

Select an activist group (different than your first application choice), past or present, that interests you that is working towards some sort of social change. This could be a group who you support, oppose, know little about, or have heard much about. Examine the group’s goals, tactics/strategies, messages, and use of various forms of media (including social media). 1) Describe the activist group you chose. Identify the group’s commitment to a larger social movement or cause, and discuss its particular goals. 2) Discuss the core movement elements and social movements concepts you see in this group (use the textbook to help). 3) Describe the group’s media campaign. Which forms of media or messaging do you think is most successful and why? 4) What other strategies than media does the group use to achieve its goals? (ex: protests, rallies, boycotts, etc.) 5) How effective is the group at convincing others to join the cause? What kind of reaction did they elicit from you? 1-1.5 pages, double-spaced. At least TWO sources, cited in APA. Here are the links for the reading https://guides.loc.gov/latinx-civil-rights/united-farm-workers-union https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zySKwvQCpXE https://www.zinnedproject.org/materials/viva-la-causa/