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4 pages Select one document from the List of Research Articles below. 3. Downl

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4 pages
Select one document from the List of Research Articles below.
3. Download the document from Fielding’s library.
4. Draft a preliminary critique of the article
5. Include in your critique:
APA 7 Reference;
Abstract;
Keywords;
Topic;
Research Purpose or Goal;
Research Question;
Philosophical Stance (Table 1.3);
Genre (Table 1.2);
Participants;
Ethical Considerations (Ch.2);
Include your Reflections on your learning in this assignment.
Your paper should be 4-5 pages double-spaced.Article to Critique;Qualitative Research Approach
Refer also to Table 5.1
Jenkins, C., Oyebode, J., Bicknell, S., Webster, N., Bentham, P., & Smythe, A. (2021). Exploring newly qualified nurses’ experiences of support and perceptions of peer support online: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30, 2924-2934. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15798
Qualitative Research Approach
Refer also to Table 5.1
Jenkins, C., Oyebode, J., Bicknell, S., Webster, N., Bentham, P., & Smythe, A. (2021). Exploring newly qualified nurses’ experiences of support and perceptions of peer support online: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30, 2924-2934. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15798
This is the article
2 days ago
Please dis regard the fielding library inquriy
2 days ago
4. Draft a preliminary critique of the article
5. Include in your critique:
APA 7 Reference;
Abstract;
Keywords;
Topic;
Research Purpose or Goal;
Research Question;
Philosophical Stance (Table 1.3);
Genre (Table 1.2);
Participants;
Ethical Considerations (Ch.2);
Include your Reflections on your learning in this assignment.
Your paper should be 4-5 pages double-spaced.Article to Critique;Qualitative Research Approach
Refer also to Table 5.1
Jenkins, C., Oyebode, J., Bicknell, S., Webster, N., Bentham, P., & Smythe, A. (2021). Exploring newly qualified nurses’ experiences of support and perceptions of peer support online: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30, 2924-2934. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15798

review. the. study. guide ethen summararize and . provide. 450. words Course Le

Posted on July 28, 2023 | by Linus | Leave a Comment

review. the. study. guide ethen summararize and . provide. 450. words
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
Explain fundamental business principles pertaining to safety and health operations.7.1 List the five most significant financial benefits for an organization to invest in a safety system orprogram.
7.2 Calculate workers’ compensation insurance premiums based on a given set of data.
7.3 Compare the workers’ compensation insurance premiums for varying experience modificationrates from given data.
Explain scientific concepts that impact the occupational safety and health professional.8.1 Discuss the energy release theory of accident causation.
8.2 Explain the near-miss relationship.
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 20: Accident Causation and Investigation Techniques
Unit Lesson
In 1971, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration was established as a regulatory agency responsible for setting and enforcing standards and regulations designed to protect worker safety and health. For many years following that, businesses relied on compliance to keep workers safe and healthy. Many, including early safety practitioners thought that compliance equaled safety. Most managers and supervisors understand that a good safety program can have benefits such as lowered accidents and injuries, a better-trained workforce, improved morale and improved reputation with local regulators. There is a general understanding among safety professionals that for every $1 spent on safety, one should expect a return of $3. This unit lesson will review some of the more common financial benefits an organization should expect to receive when investing in a safety program or system.
The financial benefits that an organization can expect to receive include:
workers’ compensation insurance premiums
improved productivity
decreased regulatory citations and fines
decreased “in-house” medical and accident payments
increased financial opportunitiesWorkers’ Compensation Insurance PremiumsWorkers’ compensation insurance is required for businesses working in nearly every state. The cost of this insurance is based on several factors, including class code, total payroll, and an organization’s experience modification rate. The formula for premiums is based as follows:𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒖𝒎 = 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑪𝒐𝒅𝒆 𝒙 (𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒂𝒚𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒍 (𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔)) 𝒙 𝑬𝑴𝑹 $𝟏𝟎𝟎Class Code
UNIT VI STUDY GUIDE Accident Causation and Investigation Techniques

OSH 4308, Advanced Concepts in Occupational Safety and Health 1
A class code is a numerical code, usually three to four that is assigned by the UNNatIiTonxaSl TCUouDnYciGl oUnIDE Compensation Insurance (NCCI) or a State Rating Bureau to classify job occupations. For example, an
outside salesperson’s class code is 8742, which has a rate of 62 cents, while a drywall employee has a class code of 5445, with a rate of $12.91. In Alabama, the codes are established by NCCI and all workers’ compensation policies follow NCCI guidelines. Visit the workers’ compensation shop website for more information on codes and rates.
Each year, the insurance carrier will normally conduct an audit of codes to ensure that employees are in the proper class code. It is extremely important for the company to fully understand the definitions for each of the codes. If the insurance carrier determines that employees are in the wrong class code, it could mean a substantial financial hit on the organization that was unplanned. On the other hand, if the organization understands these codes, then they may benefit by reducing their financial burden.
Total Payroll
The class code is a multiplier for every $100 of payroll. Therefore, the total payroll is divided by $100 and that is the payroll amount. An example is that you have 10 drywall employees with a total payroll of $500,000. Your payroll multiplier would be $5,000.
Experience Modification Rate (EMR)
An experience modification rate (EMR) is a rating determined by the NCCI, which reflects a 3-year history of an organization’s loss experience. The EMR is a complicated numerical assessment but generally includes factors such as type of injuries, cost of injuries, number of injuries, etc. It is not determined simply by looking at the total losses. For example, if an organization has one injury resulting in a $70,000 loss in 3 years, the EMR rating may be less than an organization having seven injuries totaling $7,000 over a 3-year period.
A new company with no loss experience starts with an EMR of 1.0. If the company demonstrates a good safety experience (meaning very little loss), then they will have an EMR <1.0 and those demonstrating poor performance will have an EMR >1.0. The EMR is the primary factor that an organization can control when looking for areas to reduce cost. To illustrate the importance of the EMR, look at the following three examples with the only difference being the EMR. Using the calculation below for the above drywall employees with a payroll of $500,000, we calculate the premiums (just for that class code) for an EMR of 1.0 as follows:
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑢𝑚 = $12.91 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 5445) 𝑥 ($500,000 (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠)) 𝑥 1.0 $100
Title

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑢𝑚 = $64,550/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Using the same data, the results for all three EMR’s would be:
1.0 $64,550 0.75 $48,413 1.25 $80,688
$0 ($16,137) $16,138
Experience Modification Rate
Premium
Savings or Additional Cost (from 1.0)

This example calculation only shows one job classification. This step is repeated for each class code you have in the organization. As presented here, workers’ compensation premiums represent a significant expenditure for any employer. Simply put, lower the number of injuries, along with the severity of injuries and the premiums will ultimately save an organization thousands of dollars, which means more profits. Most of the large corporations have selection processes for their contractors and suppliers. One of the key criteria in the selection process is the EMR. Typically, corporations will not select contractors with EMR’s higher than 1. There are, of course, some exceptions if you already have a proven track record with that organization.
Cost of Injuries
There are several factors that go into the cost of injuries and they include: • Direct costs
OSH 4308, Advanced Concepts in Occupational Safety and Health 2
Insurance premiums UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Any medical payments not paid by the insurance company (such as thTeitclease for minor injuries paiddirectly to the company and no claims filed)
Indirect costs (these range from 1.1 to 4.5 times the direct cost). If the direct costs are <$2,999 then the multiplier is 4.5. If the direct costs are >$10,000, then the multiplier is 1.1. Examples are:
o Lost productivity
o Rental costs for replacement equipment or vehicles
o Loss of revenue stream
o Regulatory fines
o Hiring of temporary employees
Priceless costs
o Brand reputation
o Decrease in employee morale and ultimately productivity
To calculate the true financial impact of an injury, use the following equation (DC = Direct Cost):
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝐷𝐶 + {𝐷𝐶(𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟)} 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 (𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙)
The following example illustrates how much in additional sales are needed in order to maintain a 5% profit margin.
Example: An employee receives a laceration to the thumb and palm of their hand resulting in direct costs of $1,500 (Note the $1,500 is < $2,999, so a multiplier of 4.5 will be used). 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 5% 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = $1,500 + {$1,500 (4.5)} 0.05 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 5% 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = $165,000 Improved Productivity While many believe that safety slows productivity, the data does not prove this out. It may often appear that taking extra precautionary measures may slow production. When looked at the overall production process and system, safety increases production through proper planning, accident avoidance, and improved employee morale. Loss of Revenue Stream There are two important ways that revenue streams can be lost for an organization. The first view is that existing revenue streams can be lost due to accidents resulting from fires, explosions, and other incidents which destroy property and equipment. The second way is to be denied contracts based on an experience modification rate >1.0.
Decreased Regulatory Citations
The primary regulatory agency for safety in most states is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Some states have their own state OSHA that will be the primary regulatory agency. Most owners of businesses can go for several years without ever having a visit from an OSHA representative because of the agencies limited resources. The question then becomes, what is the likelihood of an OSHA citation and fine? The answer to this is that OSHA has recently changed some of their reporting procedures which require a significant incident or fatality such as an overnight stay in a hospital (previously it was three or more hospitalizations from a single incident). When this occurs, the likelihood of OSHA coming to your facility and issuing a citation and fine is significantly increased. OSHA has also increased their minimum fines to $13,494 for an other-than-serious violation. While this may not seem insurmountable, post-accident investigations do not usually result in one citation.

OSH 4308, Advanced Concepts in Occupational Safety and Health 3
It is in the organization’s best interest to establish pre-accident relationshipsUwNitIhTrxegSuTlaUtDorYy GagUeInDcEies, which demonstrate honest demonstrations of good faith efforts to protect the safety and health of employees. Fines
can be reduced by the demonstration of these good faith efforts to prevent and correct citations.
Summary
OSHA standards and regulations provide a starting basis for establishing a good overall safety program. Great organizations evolve their safety programs into safety management systems, which are based on the plan-do- check-act (PDCA) model of continuous improvement. The investment in such programs and systems can positively impact the profit margins of an organization.
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published an article on worker rights and protections on the following site.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). OSHA worker rights and protections. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/workers
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has published their view on accident investigation for work-related injuries, as well as near-misses. This overview can be found on the following site.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Incident investigation. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/incident-investigation

for. this. assignment. you. will. complete. part. 1. and part. 2 . Part 1 you. w

Posted on July 28, 2023 | by Linus | Leave a Comment

for. this. assignment. you. will. complete. part. 1. and part. 2 . Part 1 you. will. CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND DECIDE WHETHER EACH ONE IS ALWAYS, SOMETIMES, OR NEVER TRUE FOR YOU. IF A QUESTION IS NOT SPECIFICALLY APPLICABLE TO YOUR CURRENT SITUATION, CHOOSE THE MOST RELEVANT RESPONSE BASED ON YOUR PAST BEHAVIOR OR HOW YOU REALISTICALLY BELIEVE YOU WOULD ACT.
for. part 2 you. will. answer. the. questions
How Safe Are You?Be sure to complete all portions of the activity. There are two parts, appearing on two separate screens. Once you complete all required content in a part, you will be able to move forward using the part navigation buttons at the top or bottom of the activity.Violence is a serious health problem on many college and university campuses. Many students who survive violent encounters are left with permanent physical and emotional scars. The purpose of this activity is to help you assess how well you protect yourself from becoming a victim of violence. Self-defense includes knowing the factors in your environment that may place you at risk for being a victim of violence.Consider the following statements and decide whether each one is always, sometimes, or never true for you. If a question is not specifically applicable to your current situation, choose the most relevant response based on your past behavior or how you realistically believe you would act.General Safety Considerations
Always
Sometimes
Never
I am aware of my surroundings.
I tell someone where I’m going whenever I leave home.
I’m careful about giving personal information or my daily schedule to people I don’t know.
I vary my daily routine and walking patterns.
If I walk at night, I walk with others.
Auto Safety
Always
Sometimes
Never
I look in the backseat before I get in my car.
I look around before parking, stopping, or getting into or out of my car.
I keep my car doors locked at all times.
I have a plan of action in case my car breaks down.
Using my mirrors, I scan ahead of me and behind me for potential dangers.
I park in well-lit areas and avoid dangerous, high-risk places whenever possible.
If hit from behind, I drive to the nearest police station or well-lit, populated area, motioning for the person who hit me to follow.
If I notice anyone loitering near my car, I go straight to a safe place and call the police.
I never hitchhike.
ATM Safety
Always
Sometimes
Never
I avoid using ATMs at night.
I try to take someone with me when I use an ATM.
I look for suspicious people or activity before entering or driving into an ATM area.
To avoid being a card-skimming victim, I inspect the card reader and the area near the keypad, and I avoid using my PIN at the gas pump.
I take all my ATM and credit card receipts with me to avoid leaving behind personal information.
Violence, Rape, and Homicide
Always
Sometimes
Never
I limit my alcohol or drug use intake so that I am aware of my surroundings.
I monitor my drinks at parties.
I refuse to be with anyone who seems violent.
I do not allow partners to threaten or intimidate me.
I don’t stay around anyone who has a gun and is drinking alcohol or using other drugs.
If a partner is verbally or physically abusive, I have a safety plan to end the relationship.
Ride-Sharing
Always
Sometimes
Never
When using a ride-sharing service, I confirm the name and photo of the driver and the car type before getting into the car.
I check the driver’s safety ratings using the Lyft or Uber app.
When using Lyft or Uber, I tap the options for sharing information about my ride or estimated arrival time with a family member or friend.
If my ride-share service does not offer these options, I snap a photo of the car’s license plate and send it to a family member or friend with my estimated time of arrival.
Public Transportation
Always
Sometimes
Never
While waiting for transportation, I am aware of my immediate surroundings.
While waiting for transportation, I place myself so that I am protected from behind.
I hold items under my arm so that they will be difficult to grab.
While riding on buses or trains, I look aware and alert.
Source: Adapted from Wellness: Concepts and Applications, 5th ed., by D. J. Anspaugh, M. H. Hamrick, and F. D. Rosato. Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Reprinted by permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies; Rossi, A. (2017). 10 important ride share safety tips for travelers. Retrieved from https://smartertravel.com/ride-share-safety-tips-f…sssspart 2How Safe Are You?CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS1. Based on your responses to the questions, what is your risk level? Where are there areas for improvement? What are key changes that you can make to lower your risk in these areas?
*
2. What is your overall perception of the safety of your college campus? What are a few ways your campus and overall community can improve on safety?
*
Critical Think

PROCESS EVALUATION PURPOSE AND TIMING The steps for process evaluation are very

Posted on July 27, 2023 | by Linus | Leave a Comment

PROCESS EVALUATION PURPOSE AND TIMING
The steps for process evaluation are very similar to those for other types of evaluation; in fact, the purpose and timing of a process evaluation are the elements that most distinguish it. A process evaluation is conducted during the implementation phase of the program to evaluate whether it is being implemented as intended and how delivery can be improved. A process evaluation can also be useful in supporting an outcome evaluation by helping to determine the reason behind program outcomes.
In this Discussion, you review a process evaluation research study and look closely at its timing within the implementation phase, considering whether a different timing would have led to different information.
Required Readings
Dudley, J. R. (2020). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.Chapter 8, “Improving How Programs and Practice Work”Read “Implement the Intervention as Proposed” (pp. 175–179).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Types of evaluationLinks to an external site.. https://www.cdc.gov/std/program/pupestd/types%20of…
TSNE. (2018, June 14). Process evaluation vs. outcome evaluationLinks to an external site.. https://www.tsne.org/blog/process-evaluation-vs-ou…
Process Evaluation Studies
Lachman, J. M., Kelly, J., Cluver, L., Ward, C. L., Hutchings, J., & Gardner, F. (2018). Process evaluation of a parenting program for low-income families in South AfricaLinks to an external site.. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(2), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731516645665Vil, C. S., & Angel, A. (2018). A study of a cross-age peer mentoring program on educationally disconnected young adultsLinks to an external site.. Social Work, 63(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swy033
TO PREPARE
Review the text chapter and informational websites about process evaluation in the Learning Resources.
Review the research articles focusing on process evaluation in the Learning Resources. Select one that produced valuable information and that you would like to analyze for this Discussion.
BY DAY 3
Identify the process evaluation article that you chose and explain why you selected this example.
Describe the purpose of the evaluation, the informants, the questions asked, and the results of the evaluation.
Identify the stage of program implementation in which the evaluation was conducted.
Consider why the researchers chose to evaluate at that stage of program implementation. What kind of information would they have received if they had conducted the evaluation earlier or later?
If you were to replicate the study, would you adjust it in any way for more optimal results?
BY DAY 6
Respond to at least two colleagues who chose a different process evaluation than you did. Respectfully agree or disagree with their analysis of the timing of the process evaluation and their proposal for adjustments.
Response 1 to SJR
The process evaluation article chosen by this researcher is A Study of a Cross-age Peer Mentoring Program on Educationally Disconnected Young Adults by C. S. Vil and A. Angel (2018). This process evaluation was chosen due to this researcher’s interest in the subject of reaching disconnected teenagers or young adults. The purpose of the evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of a program involving cross-age peer monitoring (CAPM) that focuses on high school age students (the mentors) working with students in the 7th grade or below (the mentees). Vil and Angel (2018) note that the focus is not so much on academic deficiencies but more on improving youth development in general. The CAPM program emphasizes the development of both ages of youth groups simultaneously (Vil & Angel, 2018). The informants in this case are the eleven mentors in the program. The questioned asked sought to identify how the program benefitted the mentors and affected, among other things, their worldview (Vil & Angel, 2018). The questions were associated with what the mentors felt they got out of the program, which they identified as being able to give back to the community (Vil & Angel, 2018). Additionally, the program made them feel as if they had something to do that was productive and instilled in the mentors a strong sense of community (Vil & Angel, 2018). The evaluation was done at the end of the program to best determine what kind of effect the program had on the mentor participants. If the study had been conducted earlier, the impact on the mentors might not have been as profound. The only change this researcher would make in the study would be to utilize larger size samples of participants.Resource:Vil, C. S., & Angel, A. (2018). A study of a cross-age peer mentoring program on educationally disconnected young adultsLinks to an external site.Links to an external site.. Social Work, 63(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swy033
Response 2 to CMF
Process Evaluation ArticleThe article chosen for analysis for this week’s discussion that I chose is the Process Evaluation of a Parenting Program for Low-Income Families in South Africa (Lachman et al., 2018). This article was chosen due to the subject of the study and the relevance to this writer’s career choice in social work practice.Purpose and Details of EvaluationThe evaluation of parenting programs in the low-income community of Cape Town, South Africa was performed to determine if the presence of an evidence-based program developed in a high-income country would be utilized and successful with children in low-income countries to meet the intended goal of reducing child maltreatment (Lachman et al., 2018). The informants were 68 parents in Khayelitsha. Questions asked in the evaluation were “What is the level of participant involvement, implementation, and acceptability of an evidence-informed, group-based parenting program delivered by community facilitators to low-income parents with children aged 3-8 years?, What are the barriers and enablers to program implementation and participant involvement in a low-resource context as perceived by community facilitators and low-income parents?, and how Do South African facilitators and parents perceive the acceptability of a parenting program derived from evidence-based principles and approaches?” (Lachman et al., 2018). The evaluation results concluded that a program developed within a high-income country could be implemented, utilized, and successful in low-income countries (Lachman et al., 2018). Stage of Program EvaluationThe program evaluation occurred during the study, at the formative stage, to determine the program’s feasibility and then at the conclusion with a self-reported satisfaction survey by the participants (Lachman et al., 2018). The researchers evaluated the program at this stage to determine if the program plans were being implemented as intended, if there were any barriers, and if the program was effective (Centers for Disease Control, n.d.). If the researchers had chosen to evaluate the program later, there might be more data on the longevity of the effects of the program implementation on families that participated. Suggested AdjustmentsTo further enhance the successful results of the program, it would be beneficial to contact parents who missed sessions to strengthen the parental support network and engagement in the program. The parents who missed a weekly session were likelier to refrain from engaging in the assigned activities for the in-home practices (Lachman et al., 2018). Ensuring that participants could make up missed sessions that same week could increase participant engagement resulting in a successful programming experience, positively affecting the community. Another area that could be revisited would be supplying all participants with cell phones during the program to create equitable practice within the study to allow all participants to receive weekly text messages to support the required in-home activities of the program (Lachman et al., 2018). References:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Types of evaluation. https://www.cdc.gov/std/program/pupestd/types%20of%20evaluation.pdfLinks to an external site.Lachman, J. M., Kelly, J., Cluver, L., Ward, C. L., Hutchings, J., & Gardner, F. (2018). Process evaluation of a parenting program for low-income families in South Africa. Research on Social Work Practice, 28(2), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731516645665Links to an external site.

PROCESS EVALUATION PURPOSE AND TIMING The steps for process evaluation are very

Posted on July 27, 2023 | by Linus | Leave a Comment