Category: Psychology and Education : Psychology

you are to apply the concepts of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning to situations you’ve noticed in your own life.  In your post, your job is to describe the situation(s) using the vocabulary of classical and operant conditioning, and social learning theory. Be careful, some of the vocabulary is a bit tricky!

Bipolar disorder and other conditions
Many people with bipolar disorder also have other mental disorders or conditions such as anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), misuse of drugs or alcohol, or eating disorders. Sometimes people who have severe manic or depressive episodes also have symptoms of psychosis, which may include hallucinations or delusions. The psychotic symptoms tend to match the person’s extreme mood. For example, someone having psychotic symptoms during a depressive episode may falsely believe they are financially ruined, while someone having psychotic symptoms during a manic episode may falsely believe they are famous or have special powers.
Looking at a person’s symptoms over the course of the illness and examining their family history can help a health care provider determine whether the person has bipolar disorder along with another disorder.
What are the risk factors for bipolar disorder?
Researchers are studying possible causes of bipolar disorder. Most agree that there are many factors that are likely to contribute to a person’s chance of having the disorder.
Brain structure and functioning: Some studies show that the brains of people with bipolar disorder differ in certain ways from the brains of people who do not have bipolar disorder or any other mental disorder. Learning more about these brain differences may help scientists understand bipolar disorder and determine which treatments will work best. At this time, health care providers base the diagnosis and treatment plan on a person’s symptoms and history, rather than brain imaging or other diagnostic tests.
Genetics: Some research suggests that people with certain genes are more likely to develop bipolar disorder. Research also shows that people who have a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder have an increased chance of having the disorder themselves. Many genes are involved, and no one gene causes the disorder. Learning more about how genes play a role in bipolar disorder may help researchers develop new treatments.
How is bipolar disorder treated?
Treatment can help many people, including those with the most severe forms of bipolar disorder. An effective treatment plan usually includes a combination of medication and psychotherapy, also called talk therapy.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong illness. Episodes of mania and depression typically come back over time. Between episodes, many people with bipolar disorder are free of mood changes, but some people may have lingering symptoms. Long-term, continuous treatment can help people manage these symptoms.
Medication
Certain medications can help manage symptoms of bipolar disorder. Some people may need to try different medications and work with their health care provider to find the medications that work best.
The most common types of medications that health care providers prescribe include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers such as lithium or valproate can help prevent mood episodes or reduce their severity. Lithium also can decrease the risk of suicide. Health care providers may include medications that target sleep or anxiety as part of the treatment plan.
Although bipolar depression is often treated with antidepressant medication, a mood stabilizer must be taken as well—taking an antidepressant without a mood stabilizer can trigger a manic episode or rapid cycling in a person with bipolar disorder.
Because people with bipolar disorder are more likely to seek help when they are depressed than when they are experiencing mania or hypomania, it is important for health care providers to take a careful medical history to ensure that bipolar disorder is not mistaken for depression.
People taking medication should:
Talk with their health care provider to understand the risks and benefits of the medication.
Tell their health care provider about any prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, or supplements they are already taking.
Report any concerns about side effects to a health care provider right away. The health care provider may need to change the dose or try a different medication.
Remember that medication for bipolar disorder must be taken consistently, as prescribed, even when one is feeling well.
It is important to talk to a health care provider before stopping a prescribed medication. Stopping a medication suddenly may lead symptoms to worsen or come back. You can find basic information about medications on NIMH’s medications webpage. Read the latest medication warnings, patient medication guides, and information on newly approved medications on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website. 
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, can be an effective part of treatment for people with bipolar disorder. Psychotherapy is a term for treatment techniques that aim to help people identify and change troubling emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This type of therapy can provide support, education, and guidance to people with bipolar disorder and their families.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an important treatment for depression, and CBT adapted for the treatment of insomnia can be especially helpful as part of treatment for bipolar depression.
Treatment may also include newer therapies designed specifically for the treatment of bipolar disorder, including interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) and family-focused therapy.
Learn more about the various types of psychotherapies.
Other treatment options
Some people may find other treatments helpful in managing their bipolar symptoms:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a brain stimulation procedure that can help relieve severe symptoms of bipolar disorder. Health care providers may consider ECT when a person’s illness has not improved after other treatments, or in cases that require rapid response, such as with people who have a high suicide risk or catatonia (a state of unresponsiveness).
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a type of brain stimulation that uses magnetic waves to relieve depression over a series of treatment sessions. Although not as powerful as ECT, rTMS does not require general anesthesia and has a low risk of negative effects on memory and thinking.
Light therapy is the best evidence-based treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and many people with bipolar disorder experience seasonal worsening of depression or SAD in the winter. Light therapy may also be used to treat lesser forms of seasonal worsening of bipolar depression.
Unlike specific psychotherapy and medication treatments that are scientifically proven to improve bipolar disorder symptoms, complementary health approaches for bipolar disorder, such as natural products, are not based on current knowledge or evidence. Learn more on the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health website .
Finding treatment
A family health care provider is a good resource and can be the first stop in searching for help. Find tips to help prepare for and get the most out of your visit.
To find mental health treatment services in your area, call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357), visit the SAMHSA online treatment locator , or text your ZIP code to 435748.
Learn more about finding help on the NIMH website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline  at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Coping with bipolar disorder
Living with bipolar disorder can be challenging, but there are ways to help make it easier.
Work with a health care provider to develop a treatment plan and stick with it. Treatment is the best way to start feeling better.
Follow the treatment plan as directed. Work with a health care provider to adjust the plan, as needed.
Structure your activities. Try to have a routine for eating, sleeping, and exercising.
Try regular, vigorous exercise like jogging, swimming, or bicycling, which can help with depression and anxiety, promote better sleep, and support your heart and brain health.
Track your moods, activities, and overall health and well-being to help recognize your mood swings.
Ask trusted friends and family members for help in keeping up with your treatment plan.
Be patient. Improvement takes time. Staying connected with sources of social support can help.
Long-term, ongoing treatment can help control symptoms and enable you to live a healthy life.
How can I find a clinical trial for bipolar disorder?
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although individuals may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, participants should be aware that the primary purpose of a clinical trial is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others may be better helped in the future.
Researchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials uncovered years ago. Be part of tomorrow’s medical breakthroughs. Talk to your health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you.
To learn more or find a study, visit:
NIMH’s Clinical Trials webpage: Information about participating in clinical trials
Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Bipolar Disorder : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
Join a Study: Bipolar Disorder – Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH Campus in Bethesda, MD
Where can I learn more about bipolar disorder?
Free Brochures and Shareable Resources
Bipolar Disorder: A brochure on bipolar disorder that offers basic information on signs and symptoms, treatment, and finding help. Also available en español.
Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens: A brochure on bipolar disorder in children and teens that offers basic information on signs and symptoms, treatment, and finding help. Also available en español.
Bipolar Disorder in Teens and Young Adults: Know the Signs: An infographic presenting common signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder in teens and young adults. Also available en español.
Shareable Resources on Bipolar Disorder: Digital resources, including graphics and messages, to help support bipolar disorder awareness and education.
Multimedia
NIMH Experts Discuss Bipolar Disorder in Adults: Learn the signs and symptoms, risk factors, treatments of bipolar disorder, and the latest NIMH-supported research in this area.
Mental Health Minute: Bipolar Disorder in Adults: A minute-long video to learn about bipolar disorder in adults.
NIMH Expert Discusses Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults: A video with an expert who explains the signs, symptoms, and treatments of bipolar disorder.
Research and Statistics
Journal Articles : This webpage provides information on references and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine).
Bipolar Disorder Statistics: An NIMH webpage that provides information on the prevalence of bipolar disorder among adults and adolescents.
Last Reviewed: February 2024
Unless otherwise specified, the information on our website and in our publications is in the public domain and may be reused or copied without permission. However, you may not reuse or copy images. Please cite the National Institute of Mental Health as the source. Read our copyright policy to learn more about our guidelines for reusing NIMH content.
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“The day, water, sun, moon, night – I do not have to purchase these things with money.” – Titus MacciusPlautus (254 – 184 BC), Roman Playwright
Write an essay of 1000 words in which you critically discuss the above quote. Use arguments supported by evidence to support your chosen perspective(s). Cite your sources using APA style (online reference generators are recommended to use).
 

Now that you have revised your essay, completed a peer review activity, and constructed a rationale for your writing choices, it is time for the final proofreading and editing session. To do this, you will complete a final editing and reflection worksheet and submit the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay.
Note: Your Week 6 Assignment has two parts. Part A is the editing and reflection worksheet. Part B is your magnum opus, the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay.
You are probably tired at this point, but a revision and editing project is a marathon, not a sprint. This is the last time you will go through the essay and make changes. 
This is the final draft. Let’s make it count!
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 
WEEKLY RESOURCES
ON OR BEFORE DAY 7
Part A
As the final step of your Career Narrative Essay, you will complete a worksheet that takes you through one last editing, proofreading, and reflection process. After this, you will submit the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay and worksheet (see Part B below for submission instructions).
Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection WorksheetDownload Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection Worksheet
Part B
Copy your Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection Worksheet into the bottom of your final Career Narrative Essay. It should be on a separate page after your References. You can do this by selecting all the text in the Word document and using the copy and paste commands.
Now that you have revised your essay, completed a peer review activity, and constructed a rationale for your writing choices, it is time for the final proofreading and editing session. To do this, you will complete a final editing and reflection worksheet and submit the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay.
Note: Your Week 6 Assignment has two parts. Part A is the editing and reflection worksheet. Part B is your magnum opus, the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay.
You are probably tired at this point, but a revision and editing project is a marathon, not a sprint. This is the last time you will go through the essay and make changes. 
This is the final draft. Let’s make it count!
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. 
WEEKLY RESOURCES
ON OR BEFORE DAY 7
Part A
As the final step of your Career Narrative Essay, you will complete a worksheet that takes you through one last editing, proofreading, and reflection process. After this, you will submit the final draft of your Career Narrative Essay and worksheet (see Part B below for submission instructions).
Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection WorksheetDownload Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection Worksheet
Part B
Copy your Week 6 Final Draft Editing and Reflection Worksheet into the bottom of your final Career Narrative Essay. It should be on a separate page after your References. You can do this by selecting all the text in the Word document and using the copy and paste commands.

Assignment 1: 
 
Watch the story of the movie Secret of the Wild Child, currently available in its entirety at the following web address:http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3i5x05.
 
Questions to answer:
 
Briefly describe Genie’s early experiences and her progress in learning a language after she was found.
 
What does this case study suggest about the role of language in the primary socialization process?
 
What is the critical period? Does research with Genie support the notion of what linguists refer to as a “critical period” for language acquisition?
 
Why is this case study referred to as a “forbidden experiment”?
 
Why can’t we reach definitive conclusions about cause and effect using a case study? Regarding Genie’s situation, what potentially confounding variable makes it difficult to conclude with certainty that it was extreme social isolation that caused her cognitive deficits?
 
Describe the ethical issues surrounding Genie’s case, discussed in the film Secret of the Wild Child. Did the individuals involved in this research project behave in an unethical manner?
 

After watching Fight Club movie, it’s time to focus on the writing portion of this assignment.  The goal of your paper is to analyze the main character and his or her abnormal psychology. 
Please utilize the following headers within your paper:
Introduction: Introduce the character you are writing on and summarize the plot

Symptoms & Diagnosis:  What specific symptoms did the character experience in the movie?  What diagnosis would you give them?
Nature or Nurture: Was the character’s mental illness a result of biological or environmental influences?  Explain.
Treatment: What type of treatment would you recommend for the character based on the available research?  Be specific.
Prognosis: Good or bad?  Why?
Stigma: Does the movie contribute to or reduce stigma related to mental health and the mental illness depicted? Why? 
Conclusion: Summarize your main points and reflect.  Did you enjoy the movie you selected?  Did the movie teach you anything you didn’t know already about mental illness?  
You should reference at least three sources in this paper.  The textbook may be one of your sources

4. Elements or components of the risk management system of the company or organization (Characterize in a concrete and summarized way the structure or system of comprehensive risk management that the company or organization applies using duly exposed schemes). This part is completed i included it because question 5 refers to in order to do the compare and contrast. I have also included what I completed for question for for you to reference
5. Comparison of the methodological aspects of the comprehensive risk management system (Compare and explain, in their own words, the arguments, similarities or differences between the remethodological aspects developed or applied by the company vs. the methodological aspects addressed in the thought reference of axis 2; duly exposed diagrams or matrices may be used).
6. Reflective or critical point of view of the company’s comprehensive risk management system (Each member of the group must write two paragraphs (of 5 lines), at the end of each contribution in parentheses indicate the name of the member who offers the point of view, which accounts for or highlights the relevance or weakness of the risk management system compared).
7. Bibliographic references (Citation and reference standards in APA 7th version must apply)
I have also included the report for FY 2023, However I have attached FY 2022 for you to reference. I also included some of the information that I have extracted from the paper.

Please see the attached as it explains how the introduction should be. Also, you will see pictures from the experiment and the discussion that goes with my experiment to assist with writing this introduction. Please let me know if you have any questions.

You will write an APA-style paper (i.e. title page, double-spaced, 1-in margins, header, Times New Roman, etc.) Paper must be 2 pages. Make sure you reference at least 2 articles/readings in your paper. 
Mezzo/Macro Analysis – Describe why it is important to have a macro/systemic approach and a micro approach to interpersonal counseling. How do you think you can incorporate anti-opressive or multicultural social justice model into your interpersonal counseling skills? 
Future Professional Development: Talk about areas that you would like to develop during your journey of becoming a human service professional. Identify possible avenues you would like to explore whether it is with yourself and your journey with growth and development or professionally with population or careers you would like to consider. How can you be an accountable practioner/professional now or in the future?

Describe how historical discourses are recycled or repeated.
Describe the dominant narrative about the history of immigration in the United States.
Explain what the dominant narrative of the history of immigration seeks to accomplish.