Category: Philosophy

• One paragraph that captures the main claim of one author with respect to the central concept; (article attached)
• One paragraph that captures the main claim of a second author with respect to the central concept; (Article attached)
• One paragraph that includes either a synthesis of common claims/questions OR a descriiption of differences; (Use the attached articles)
Please ensure you have one complete page.

For this paper, find an ethical dilemma in a show, film, book, comic, video game, song, or current event and discuss the ethical implications of that dilemma. While a traditional “moral dilemma” presents a conflict between two options (e.g., whether to kill or not to kill the baby screaming in the attic to protect the Jewish family from the Gestapo finding them), you should also feel free to instead explain in detail why a particular action or chain of actions is bad (or good) from a Deontological and/or Utilitarian POV. The options both for how to do this and for what to write on are very broad. You can write on the ethics of short-selling regarding the Gamestop fiasco, or China’s current treatment of Muslims. You can write about an ethical dilemma in a video game, like whether or not to let the sick children leave or kill them to prevent the disease from spreading throughout the village (this occurs in Assassins Creed: Odyssey). You can discuss a dilemma in the ethics of a medical show, such as House MD or Grey’s Anatomy, and so on with comic books (hello, ending of Watchman!) and song lyrics (like whether or not to cheat, as in the modern classic
“Honey, I’m Good”).

The movie Crimes and Misdemeanors seems almost obsessed with injustice in the world. Some of this has to do with the fact that the universe seems morally indifferent: the wicked flourish. Some of it has to do with personal relationships; things can work out in painful ways that make no sense.
In the Seder scene (roughly begins at the 1:10:21 mark), Aunt Mae and Judah’s father argue about whether the universe is morally indifferent [Background note: Judah visits the old house where he grew up and then begins reminiscing]. Citing various scenes in the movie, explain what you take to be Judah’s opinion on the matter. (It may not be that Judah has one simple stance on the issue. It may even be that his view is fluid and changes throughout the film.)
GUIDELINES
Word count: 250-500 words (though it’s ok if you go over a little, JUST NO MORE THAN 1 page)
DO NOT write a formal essay (DO NOT include an introduction and a conclusion); begin with a direct statement of what you think Judah’s opinion is on the universe having a moral structure, this means you are making a claim (a statement that asserts something), after your statement, provide various examples/scenes to substantiate your position, provide explanations for the scenes you reference meaning to explain to the reader how the scenes you mention support your initial claim.
NO AI or plagiarism I WILL BE CHECKING

Each journal entry is a paragraph on one of the assigned readings, and each entry discusses a different reading assignment.
Each journal entry must include at least one quote from the reading assignment. Select a quote that makes a claim you have an opinion about, explain the quote in the context of the article it came from, and then express your opinion about it. For example, you may think the author is right, or wrong, or leaving out something important, etc. To receive full credit, you must express an opinion and give a reason for that opinion.
The goal of the journal entry is NOT to summarize the reading. Rather, the goal is to think about what the reading says, whether on the whole or in some specific part. For example, you could dispute an author’s interpretation of an example, critique a particular argument or conclusion, discuss how the author’s view applies — or fails to apply — to your own experience, relate the material to a TV show or movie, etc. What you think is up to you, but you must be sharing your own thoughts as opposed to just summarizing or saying generic things like “the author raises profound issues.”
Submit all four entries in a single document.

Reading: (Pojman 449-463) Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care Objective: * for students to demonstrate basic comprehension of our goals in the study of ethics and to refer to/use the general terms and concepts from the reading(s). * for students to engage in a class wide discussion on course material Format: * post up your entry in the appropriate Discussion on Canvas; cut and paste it into the body of the discussion rather than attaching it as a document * 12-point font * For the quotes, no need to supply a Works Cited page; simply state the page number and the source– from Held after the quote. Also, use quotes of 2-3 sentences in length. * discussion post should be approximately 500-750 words Grading: * follow the above structure and format as closely as possible: * make 2 cogent references/quotes to course material and a cogent analysis on the relation between them * leave one question for classmates to consider, and attempt to answer/address it in one full paragraph * leave a one-paragraph comment for a classmate Prompt: PART 1 – complete both A and B (4 points): A. After you read Held’s Ethics of Care and watched the Caring Judge, write which of Held’s 5 characteristics of the ethics of care that the judge uses. You can find that she uses more than one. Next, let’s also put your imagination to work. Imagine and describe one social problem or moral dilemma that the ethic of care can help to productively solve. Describe the scenario and which of Held’s 5 characteristics of the ethics of care that you use. You may use more than one characteristic. Remember to quote the text. B. After this, identify an important question that is raised for you from the readings. State your own question. Also attempt to answer the question in at least one full paragraph. I need only Part 1 And answer to these questions from the provided book pages. What’s the main point of the article ? How does the author support his main claim? 1. Do you agree with the criticisms of the liberal individualist conception of a person? How does this conception compare with the ethics of care conception of a person? Is one better than the other-or does each capture a part of the truth? 2. Should the ethics of care be viewed as a type of virtue ethics? Why or why not? 3. Can an ethic pf justice be plausible combined with the ethics of care? Are they compatible at all? Explain.

Develop a summary of the main concepts from the article 750 -1000 + words double spaced, Use APA 7th edition format. Do not duplicate the articles abstract. Short direct quotes are acceptable but avoid long quotes or many.
Be sure to include core points from the article. In your own words interact with the article.
Appropriate comments for the journal article should include but not be limited to, insights gained from reading the article, thoughts you may have that may enhance the discussion of the article, your subjective comments in this section must be clearly tied to main points from the article, not peripheral ideas.
You are highly encouraged to consider any other information from previous articles or textbooks youmay have read in previous courses, or in other places you have encountered information relating to the themes in the article you are reviewing, be sure to cite and reference your sources.

For Essay 1, you must answer the following question:
“At first glance, it seems that [in the Transplant Case] utilitarianism has to answer
the question with “Yes, the doctor should kill Chuck.” It is better that five people
survive than that just one person does. But on commonsense morality and
virtually every other moral theory, the answer is “No, do not kill Chuck.” On most
views, killing Chuck would be morally monstrous. This apparent counterintuitive
implication of utilitarianism is taken as an argument against its being the correct
moral theory.” (MacAskill, W., Meissner, D., and Chappell, R.Y. Objections to
Utilitarianism and Responses. https://www.utilitarianism.net/objections-to-
utilitarianism, accessed 12/5/2022.)
Explain what the Transplant Case is and why it is supposed to show that Act-
Utilitarianism is not the correct moral theory.
In the lectures, Professor Woollard identified 3 ways that an Act-Utilitarian could
respond to this argument. Explain and assess one of these responses, relating it to
the discussion in MacAskill, Meissner and Chappell.
Note: that this question requires you to discuss Woollard’s version of the possible
responses.
Feedback-Write a new conclusion first which is very clear about which response.
Everything prior leads to the conclusion.
Better organisation.
Concentrate on biting the bullet write a conclusion for it evalaute whether it is a good or bad response
References use Harvard

Textbook: Chapter 1, 2, 3
Lesson
Introduction
The journal is an essential assignment that is meant to sum up the conclusions you come to after having reflected on the readings in the text, the online lecture, discussion posts, including your own and those of your peers, and any outside material you consult. You will probably find that you do as much or more thinking than you do writing in responding to the journal prompts – and that is perfectly okay. In general, the weekly journal should meet the noted length requirement – not including the space needed for the prompts.
You may feel the need to write out longer reflections – and that is also okay. If you do feel the need for longer reflections, then, once you have written them out, try to edit them, reducing them to their essence.
Part of this course is process – training ourselves to think critically. Part of it is learning to understand how we think and why we think or believe what we think or believe. While the journal prompts will occasionally address the process, it will more often ask you to reflect on the how’s and why’s of what you know and believe – or what you think you know and believe.
Instructions
For this journal assignment, briefly answer each of the following prompts:
Critical Thinking
After reading the required resources for this week and participating in the discussion, how do you define critical thinking? You will want to carry this definition with you, so keep it brief – perhaps 4 to 6 lines. You will find many definitions online – don’t be tempted to just quickly copy one; try to form your own so that it is meaningful to you.
Heart of the Matter
Considering just what you read in Chapter 2.3 “Looking Ahead” why do you think the authors see Chapters 12, 13, and 14 as the “heart of the matter”?
What do you think they mean by that?
What two concepts do the authors say these chapters emphasize?
How do you define these concepts?
Why do you think the authors find these concepts important to critical thinking?
Challenges & Insights
What do you see as your greatest challenge for this session in general? For this class in particular?
How do you think you can use the concepts in these first three chapters to help you meet these challenges as well as challenges in your personal life as a member of your family and your community?
If you include references to outside sources (beyond the textbook), make sure you cite them properly.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1 ½ -2 pages (not including prompts, title page or references page)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (as needed)
Grading
This activity will be graded using the Journal Grading Rubric.
Outcomes
CO 1: Define critical reasoning for application to personal and professional problem-solving.
CO 3: Analyze deductive and inductive reasoning structures.
CO 6: Apply principles of critical reasoning to political, educational, economic, and/or social issues.
Due Date
By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday
Rubric
Journal Grading Rubric – 35 pts
Journal Grading Rubric – 35 pts
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeLength
5 pts
Meets length requirement
0 pts
Does not meet length requirement
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeContent Reflection
15 pts
Reflection demonstrates a high degree of critical thinking in applying, analyzing, and evaluating key course concepts and theories from readings, lectures, media, discussions activities, and/or assignments. Insightful and relevant connections made through contextual explanations, inferences, and examples.
12.75 pts
Reflection demonstrates some degree of critical thinking in applying, analyzing, and/or evaluating key course concepts and theories from readings, lectures, media, discussions activities, and/or assignments. Connections made through explanations, inferences, and/or examples.
11.25 pts
Reflection demonstrates limited critical thinking in applying, analyzing, and/or evaluating key course concepts and theories from readings, lectures, media, discussions, activities, and/or assignments. Minimal connections made through explanations, inferences, and/or examples.
9 pts
Reflection lacks critical thinking. Superficial connections are made with key course concepts and course materials, activities, and/or assignments.
0 pts
Little or no reflection; copies or repeats text or lecture.
15 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomePersonal Growth
10 pts
Conveys strong evidence of reflection on own work with a personal response to the self-assessment questions posed. Demonstrates significant personal growth and awareness of deeper meaning through inferences made, examples, well developed insights, and substantial depth in perceptions and challenges. Synthesizes current experience into future implications.
8.5 pts
Conveys evidence of reflection on own work with a personal response to the self-assessment questions posed. Demonstrates satisfactory personal growth and awareness through some inferences made, examples, insights, and challenges. Some thought of the future implications of current experience.
7.5 pts
Conveys limited evidence of reflection on own work in response to the self-assessment questions posed. Demonstrates less than adequate personal growth and awareness through few or simplistic inferences made, examples, insights, and/or challenges that are not well developed. Minimal thought of the future implications of current experience.
6 pts
Conveys inadequate evidence of reflection on own work in response to the self-assessment questions posed. Personal growth and awareness are not evident and/or demonstrates a neutral experience with negligible personal impact. Lacks enough inferences, examples, personal insights and challenges, and/or future implications are overlooked.
0 pts
No evidence of reflection.
10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWriting Quality
5 pts
Well written and clearly organized using standard English, characterized by elements of a strong writing style and basically free from grammar, punctuation, usage, and spelling errors.
4.25 pts
Above average writing style and logically organized using standard English with minor errors in grammar, punctuation, usage, and spelling.
3.75 pts
Average and/or casual writing style that is sometimes unclear and/or with some errors in grammar, punctuation, usage, and spelling.
3 pts
Poor writing style lacking in standard English, clarity, language used, and/or frequent errors in grammar, punctuation, usage, and spelling. Needs work.
0 pts
Lacks coherence; errors in grammar, usage and spelling interfere with readability and understanding to significant degree.
5 pts
Total Points: 35

Homework Exercise Set 5.2, Part I
LINK TO TEXTBOOK:
https://library.lol/main/10C82D0D35FE260F3B2240ABF…
This is the homework for Module Five.
Exercise Set 5.2, Part I, pp. 245-246.
We are examining argument validity. The statements in a deductive argument do not have to be true in order for the argument (the argument form) to be valid. We are only examining form–deductive form of the categorical syllogism. Does the conclusion follow from the premises is the question–not are the conclusion and premises true.
Do your work offline. When finished, then just copy and paste it into the submission device.
You don’t need to copy these instructions here. You can use them as an outline and then eliminate everything that is not part of your answers.
Make sure that you include each item number. Separate each item by a space or two, and place each element of your answer for an item on its own line. Use my example below as a guide. I have done item #2, so you will start with #3, then #5, etc. (skipping the starred items).
You don’t need to copy and submit the diagrams. The diagrams are inside the homework assignment anyway, so if you need to do a last minute check before clicking submit you can check inside.
Just do the following:
Label the terms of the argument
Present the argument symbolically, i.e., using the labels
State which diagram applies
Explain whether the argument is valid or not valid–how you can tell
We will use only the Boolean standpoint. (for example, in this exercise All A are B does not imply that there are some A and they are B. In the diagrams, then, All A are B would not be understood to introduce an X into the picture. Only statements that begin “Some A are…” or “Some A are not…” introduce an X representing a something that is there.
Use these labels:
S:
M:
P:
Display each argument in standard form using the S,M,P labels (instead of xyz)
all x are y
all y are z,
————
all x are z
etc.
NOTE: in each exercise problem I have started the labelling process for you.
The selected diagram should match your argument display.
You do not need to draw a diagram. Just select the appropriate diagram by its designated letter from the ones displayed below (e.g., Diagram A, Diagram B, etc.). They are jumbled, so you will have to look them over to find the one that matches for each item.
Instructor Example for item #2 (so you will start with #3)
Diagram Z (for #2)
S: fossil fuels
M: renewable forms of energy
P: combustible gasses
No S are M
some P are S
———————
Some P are not M
Diagram Z
Validity: the argument is valid. – X is clearly inside both P and S, but not inside M. So there is something, some combustible gases, which are not M (are not renewable forms of energy).
Select from the following Venn diagrams (select “Diagram A”, or “Diagram B”, etc).
There should be one that fits each of the non starred numbered items, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11
Be sure you label the terms (the subject and predicate expressions of the premises) and include that in your answer. Your labeling must match the diagram you select in order to make any sense.
Remember, the labels represent terms, not sentences. A sentence (a premise or a conclusion) combines two labels like “All S are P” or “Some P are not M” — your premises and conclusion will look like that. S, P, and M represent the key content terms of the premises and conclusion., “All dogs are barking animals” , then with S labeled for dogs and P for barking animals would be All S are P.
So, your argument display will express sentences (e.g., All S are P, Some T are U)
Diagram ADiagram BDiagram C
Diagram DDiagram EDiagram F
Start here with:
#3
S: individuals truly concerned with the plight
M: people motivated primarily by self interest
P: ________
Copy the labelling assignments above and fill in for P, and then…
Display the argument (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection from the above six
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain
#5
S: engineering majors
M: candidates for nightly hookups
P: _______
Argument displayed (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain
#6
S: impulse buyers
M: consumers with credit cards
P: _______
Argument displayed (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain
#8
S: individuals prone to violence
M: Men who treat others humanely
P: ________
Argument displayed (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain
#9
S: ATM machines
M: places criminals lurk
P: _______
Argument displayed (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain
#11
S: circular triangle
M: plane figures
P: _______
Argument displayed (in standard form) using the S, M, P symbols.
Indicate diagram selection
Validity: Valid or invalid? Explain

Tipping Point” by Malcolm Gladwell is indeed a fascinating read! Gladwell explores the concept of how small actions or changes can lead to large effects, using a variety of examples ranging from the spread of ideas to the rise of epidemics. What aspects of the book did you find most compelling?