QUESTION

 

In recent years, graphs in natural language processing and specifically natural language generation attract the interest of research community. Tasks like machine translation, text summarization, question answering, story telling and many mores require in many cases processing of knowledge stored in a graph format. The variety and plenty of algorithms to address graph to sequence problems are in the scope of this thesis by conducting a systematic literature review. It will cover all the important contributions to the research community and subsequently will raise ideas for further exploration in this domain.

Text configuration: The text of D.E. formatted in A4 page size, 1.2 line spacing, Times New Roman font size 11.
Text alignment is complete. The text, excluding appendices, must be at least 60 pages long. All page margins should be 2.5cm. The footer and header will be 1.25cm from the edges. Contents: • Cover. • Second sheet. • Introduction. • Summary. • Summary in English (Abstract).
Table of contents. • Index of figures and tables, where the titles of the figures and tables of the text of the work are mentioned and reference is made to the relevant pages. • Introduction (includes the context in which the D.E. is included, the objectives, purposes and deliverables of the D.E., as well as the description of the chapters that follow). •Individual chapters, where each has a title referring to its content and numbering. Each chapter includes sections, which are also titled and numbered. Thus, the first section of the first chapter is numbered 1.1, the second section 1.2, etc. Each chapter will have an introduction at the beginning and an epilogue at the end. The epilogue summarizes the main points of each chapter. • Conclusions and/or suggestions for improvement (constitutes an independent chapter of the D.E.). • References. • Bibliography. • Appendices, optional, in cases where code must be included, manufacturer’s data sheets, questionnaires, experiment extracts, flowcharts, etc.

 

SOLUTION

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

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✅ Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your Thesis on Graph-to-Sequence in NLP

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Step 1: Understand the Thesis Scope and Formatting Requirements

• Topic: Systematic literature review of graph-to-sequence algorithms in NLP/NLG tasks (machine translation, text summarization, question answering, storytelling, etc.).

• Length: Minimum 60 pages (excluding appendices).

• Formatting:

  • A4 page size

  • Times New Roman, font size 11

  • Line spacing 1.2

  • Full justification (complete alignment)

  • Margins: 2.5 cm all around

  • Headers and footers 1.25 cm from edges

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Step 2: Structure Your Document as Per Guidelines

Your thesis will include the following major sections:

1. Cover Page

2. Second Sheet (usually declaration or dedication page)

3. Introduction

4. Summary (in native language)

5. Abstract (summary in English)

6. Table of Contents

7. Index of Figures and Tables

8. Chapters (numbered, each with intro and epilogue)

9. Conclusions and/or Suggestions

10. References

11. Bibliography

12. Appendices (optional)

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Step 3: Plan and Write Each Section

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1. Cover Page and Second Sheet

• Follow your institution’s specific formatting rules (title, author, date, advisor, etc.).

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2. Introduction (3–5 pages)

• Present the context and importance of graph-based approaches in NLP/NLG.

• Clearly state the objectives and purposes of your thesis.

• Explain what deliverables your thesis will provide (systematic review, gap identification, future research ideas).

• Briefly describe the structure of the thesis (chapter summaries).

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3. Summary and Abstract (1–2 pages each)

• Write concise overviews of your thesis in two languages (your native language and English).

• Highlight purpose, methods, key findings, and implications.

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4. Table of Contents

• List chapters, sections, subsections with page numbers.

• Use consistent numbering (e.g., Chapter 1, Section 1.1, etc.).

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5. Index of Figures and Tables

• List all figures and tables by title and page number.

• Make sure figure/table captions are descriptive and consistent.

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6. Chapters

Plan to have several chapters, each focused on a major aspect of the topic. Each chapter should start with an introduction and end with an epilogue summarizing key points.

Suggested chapter breakdown:

• Chapter 1: Background and Fundamentals

  • NLP and NLG overview

  • Introduction to graph structures and graph theory basics

  • Importance of graph representations in NLP

• Chapter 2: Graph-to-Sequence Models and Algorithms

  • Survey of popular models (Graph Neural Networks, Graph Convolutional Networks, Graph Attention Networks)

  • Algorithmic approaches for encoding graphs and generating sequences

• Chapter 3: Applications in NLP Tasks

  • Machine translation

  • Text summarization

  • Question answering

  • Storytelling and other tasks

• Chapter 4: Evaluation Metrics and Challenges

  • Metrics used in graph-to-sequence tasks

  • Common challenges (scalability, complexity, data sparsity)

• Chapter 5: Future Directions and Open Research Questions

  • Emerging trends

  • Gaps identified through your review

  • Suggestions for future work

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7. Conclusions and/or Suggestions

• Summarize the most important findings from your review.

• Highlight the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches.

• Propose specific improvements or new research avenues.

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8. References and Bibliography

• Use consistent citation style (e.g., IEEE, APA).

• Include all papers, articles, books cited.

• Bibliography may include additional relevant literature not cited directly.

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9. Appendices (Optional)

• Add supporting material: code snippets, extended tables, data sheets, flowcharts, questionnaires, experiment details.

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Step 4: Writing Tips

• Use clear and precise language. Avoid jargon without explanation.

• Organize your literature review chronologically and thematically.

• Use figures and tables to summarize complex information (e.g., comparison of algorithms).

• Keep paragraphs focused: start with a topic sentence, followed by supporting details.

• Write your chapter introductions to outline what will be covered and epilogues to recap main ideas.

• Proofread carefully for formatting consistency and grammar.

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Step 5: Final Formatting and Submission

• Double-check margins, fonts, and spacing.

• Ensure page numbers and headers/footers are correctly placed.

• Check your table of contents, index of figures and tables for accuracy.

• Compile all components into a single PDF or required format for submission.

QUESTION

I chose Νο. 7 subject: Blockchain Technology for Secure and Transparent Data Exchange through Cloud or Distributed Systems and Networks.
the sources should be from academic sites (IEEE, Google Scholar, etc.)
15.000 words in 1,5 spacing

SOLUTION

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Full Detailed Outline

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I. Introduction (1,200 – 1,500 words)

• Introduce blockchain technology: history, basic concepts.

• Importance of secure and transparent data exchange in cloud and distributed systems.

• Challenges in current data exchange methods (security vulnerabilities, lack of transparency).

• Purpose and scope of the paper.

• Research questions and objectives.

Sources to look for:

• Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System.

• Reviews from IEEE journals on blockchain fundamentals.

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II. Background and Related Work (2,000 – 2,500 words)

• Overview of cloud computing and distributed systems.

• Traditional data exchange mechanisms and their limitations.

• Evolution of blockchain technology in secure data exchange.

• Existing blockchain-based solutions for cloud and distributed systems.

• Summary of recent academic research and technological advancements.

Sources to look for:

• IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing.

• Google Scholar papers on blockchain applications in cloud security.

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III. Technical Foundations of Blockchain Technology (2,000 – 2,500 words)

• Structure of blockchain: blocks, chains, hashes, consensus mechanisms (Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, etc.).

• Smart contracts and their role in data exchange.

• Cryptographic techniques used in blockchain (hashing, digital signatures, encryption).

• Decentralization and distributed ledger concepts.

Sources to look for:

• IEEE Access articles on blockchain architectures.

• Cryptography journals covering blockchain security.

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IV. Blockchain Integration with Cloud and Distributed Systems (2,500 – 3,000 words)

• Architecture of cloud and distributed systems incorporating blockchain.

• How blockchain enhances security, transparency, and trust in data exchange.

• Case studies/examples of blockchain-enabled cloud platforms.

• Challenges in integrating blockchain with existing cloud infrastructures (scalability, latency, interoperability).

• Solutions and emerging approaches.

Sources to look for:

• IEEE Cloud Computing journal.

• Research papers on hybrid blockchain-cloud architectures.

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V. Security and Privacy Aspects (2,000 – 2,500 words)

• Security threats in cloud and distributed systems data exchange.

• How blockchain mitigates these threats (immutability, tamper-evidence, identity management).

• Privacy concerns and blockchain-based solutions (zero-knowledge proofs, ring signatures).

• Regulatory compliance and legal considerations.

Sources to look for:

• IEEE Security & Privacy.

• Papers on blockchain and GDPR compliance.

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VI. Performance and Scalability Considerations (1,500 – 2,000 words)

• Performance metrics: throughput, latency, fault tolerance.

• Scalability challenges of blockchain in cloud systems.

• Layer 2 solutions and off-chain transactions.

• Future directions to improve performance.

Sources to look for:

• IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management.

• Studies on blockchain scalability.

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VII. Emerging Trends and Future Directions (1,000 – 1,500 words)

• Integration with AI, IoT, and edge computing.

• Advances in consensus algorithms.

• Potential new use cases for blockchain in data exchange.

• Predictions and open research questions.

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VIII. Conclusion (800 – 1,000 words)

• Summarize key findings.

• Reiterate the importance of blockchain for secure, transparent data exchange.

• Discuss limitations and propose areas for further research.

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IX. References

• Minimum 40-50 academic references from IEEE, Google Scholar, and other reputable sources.

• Use consistent citation style (IEEE or APA as required).

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Tips for Research and Writing:

• Use IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar filters to find peer-reviewed papers published in the last 5 years for current developments.

• Search keywords: “blockchain cloud security,” “blockchain distributed systems,” “blockchain data exchange,” “blockchain scalability,” “smart contracts cloud,” etc.

• Track citation counts to prioritize influential papers.

• Organize your sources with a reference manager (Zotero, Mendeley).

• Write in clear, formal academic style, and divide the word count evenly per section.

• Include diagrams to explain architecture and data flow (optional but recommended).

ABC Markets sell products to customers. The relational diagram shown in the attached Figure (see Student Instructions) represents the main entities for ABC’s database. Note the following important characteristics:
A customer may make many purchases, each one represented by an invoice.
The CUS_BALANCE is updated with each credit purchase or payment and represents the amount the customer owes.
The CUS_BALANCE is increased (+) with every credit purchase and decreased (–) with every customer payment.
The date of last purchase is updated with each new purchase made by the customer.
The date of last payment is updated with each new payment made by the customer.
An invoice represents a product purchase by a customer.
An INVOICE can have many invoice LINEs, one for each product purchased.
The INV_TOTAL represents the total cost of the invoice, including taxes.
The INV_TERMS can be “30,” “60,” or “90” (representing the number of days of credit) or “CASH,” “CHECK,” or “CC.”
The invoice status can be “OPEN,” “PAID,” or “CANCEL.”
A product’s quantity on hand (P_QTYOH) is updated (decreased) with each product sale.
A customer may make many payments. The payment type (PMT_TYPE) can be one of the following:
“CASH” for cash payments.
“CHECK” for check payments.
“CC” for credit card payments.
The payment details (PMT_DETAILS) are used to record data about check or credit card payments:
The bank, account number, and check number for check payments.
The issuer, credit card number, and expiration date for credit card payments.
Using this database, write the SQL code to represent each of the following transactions. Use BEGIN TRANSACTION and COMMIT to group the SQL statements in logical transactions.
On May 11, 2018, customer 10010 makes a credit purchase (30 days) of one unit of product 11QER/31 with a unit price of $110.00; the tax rate is 8 percent. The invoice number is 10983, and this invoice has only one product line.
On June 3, 2018, customer 10010 makes a payment of $100 in cash. The payment ID is 3428.
Create a simple transaction log (using the format shown in the attached figure) to represent the actions of the transactions in Problems 1a and 2b.
Assuming that pessimistic locking is being used but the two-phase locking protocol is not, create a chronological list of the locking, unlocking, and data manipulation activities that would occur during the complete processing of the transaction described in Problem 1a.
Assuming that pessimistic locking is being used with the two-phase locking protocol, create a chronological list of the locking, unlocking, and data manipulation activities that would occur during the complete processing of the transaction described in Problem 1a.
Assuming that pessimistic locking is being used but the two-phase locking protocol is not, create a chronological list of the locking, unlocking, and data manipulation activities that would occur during the complete processing of the transaction described in Problem 1b.
Assuming that pessimistic locking with the two-phase locking protocol is being used with row-level lock granularity, create a chronological list of the locking, unlocking, and data manipulation activities that would occur during the complete processing of the transaction described in Problem 1b.

📌 Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your analytical report easily!

Here’s the SQL code to handle the given transactions along with the required transaction log and locking activities.

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1️⃣ SQL Code for Transactions

(a) Credit Purchase on May 11, 2018 by Customer 10010

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(b) Cash Payment on June 3, 2018 by Customer 10010

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2️⃣ Transaction Log

Transaction ID	Action	Table	Row/Column Affected	Old Value	New Value
1	Insert	INVOICE	INV_NUMBER=10983	NULL	10983
1	Insert	INVOICE_LINE	INV_NUMBER=10983, P_CODE=’11QER/31′	NULL	1 unit at $110
1	Update	CUSTOMER	CUS_BALANCE (10010)	Previous Value	+$118.80
1	Update	CUSTOMER	CUS_LAST_PURCHASE (10010)	Previous Date	2018-05-11
1	Update	PRODUCT	P_QTYOH (11QER/31)	Previous Value	-1
1	Commit	–	–	–	–
2	Insert	PAYMENT	PMT_ID=3428	NULL	3428
2	Update	CUSTOMER	CUS_BALANCE (10010)	Previous Value	-$100.00
2	Update	CUSTOMER	CUS_LAST_PAYMENT (10010)	Previous Date	2018-06-03
2	Commit	–	–	–	–

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3️⃣ Locking Activities Without Two-Phase Locking Protocol (1a)

1. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Read balance
2. Lock acquired on INVOICE table → Insert new invoice
3. Lock acquired on INVOICE_LINE table → Insert invoice line
4. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Update balance & last purchase date
5. Lock acquired on PRODUCT table → Update product quantity
6. Unlock PRODUCT table
7. Unlock CUSTOMER table
8. Unlock INVOICE table
9. Unlock INVOICE_LINE table
10. Commit Transaction

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4️⃣ Locking Activities With Two-Phase Locking Protocol (1a)

1. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Read balance
2. Lock acquired on INVOICE table → Insert new invoice
3. Lock acquired on INVOICE_LINE table → Insert invoice line
4. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Update balance & last purchase date
5. Lock acquired on PRODUCT table → Update product quantity
6. Commit Transaction
7. Unlock all locks simultaneously

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5️⃣ Locking Activities Without Two-Phase Locking Protocol (1b)

1. Lock acquired on PAYMENT table → Insert payment
2. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Update balance & last payment date
3. Unlock PAYMENT table
4. Unlock CUSTOMER table
5. Commit Transaction

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6️⃣ Locking Activities With Two-Phase Locking Protocol (1b)

1. Lock acquired on PAYMENT table → Insert payment
2. Lock acquired on CUSTOMER table → Update balance & last payment date
3. Commit Transaction
4. Unlock all locks simultaneously

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This covers all SQL transactions, transaction logs, and locking scenarios! 🚀