Category: International Law

Doctrine of J-Terrorism
Required Readings:
• Shiraz Maher. 2016. “Applying Jihad in Salafi Thought”, Chapter 3, Salafi-
Jihadism: The History of an Idea, pp. 41-70.
• John Esposito. 2002. Unholy War. Pp 39- 68.
Recommended Readings:
• Shiraz Maher. 2016. Salafi-Jihadism: The History of an Idea. – The
remaining chapters (i.e. all but Ch. 3).
• Brynjar Lia. 2008. “Doctrines for Jihadi Terrorist Training,” Terrorism and
Political Violence. 518-537.
• Jennifer Boutz, Hannah Benninger, and Alia Lancaster, “Exploiting the
Prophet’s Authority: How Islamic State Propaganda Uses Hadith Quotation
to Assert Legitimacy.” 2019. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 42, no. 11,
972–96.
• Caner K. Dagli. 2015. “The Phony Islam of ISIS,” The Atlantic 27.
(please write two related questions at the end of the reflection papers)

First assignment: How can the media play an active and useful role in educating the public on crime control strategies? Would such an approach by the media reduce the public’s fear of crime?
Second assignment:Which of the following best demonstrates one of President Trump’s challenges to the post-1945 global order?
Question 1 options:
the importance of increasing globalization efforts through reduced trade barriers
the recognition of the US leadership as the sole international hegemon
a resistance to the deployments of US military forces arounds the world
the focus on partnerships with cooperative international organizations
Question 2 (0.75 points)
Question 2 options:The ________ is an international economic organization comprising a subset of European Union states that share a common currency and delegate control over a common monetary policy to the European Central Bank.
Question 3 (2.475 points)

The ________ system is made up of military, political, social, and economic sources of order that help create a strategic interdependence among individuals, international firms, transnational activists, international organizations, and states.
Question 3 options:
political
domestic
national
international
Question 4 (2.475 points)

Which of the following best demonstrates why European officials extended numerous rescue packages to Greece during the economic crisis of 2008–2009?
Question 4 options:
They wanted to maintain the European Central Bank’s reputation with Greece’s government.
They believed they could force member states to adopt common fiscal policies if they averted the crisis in Greece.
They feared that the Court of Justice of the European Union would penalize them if they failed to extend the rescue packages to Greece.
They worried that Greece’s potential withdrawal from the European Monetary Union would cause more states to follow.
Question 5 (2.475 points)

Over the past few years, a state has put an increased focus on expanding its globalization efforts. As it works through the competitive pressures in the global market, the state will most likely find it more difficult to ________
Question 5 options:
implement a system of tariffs.
tighten its regulatory standards.
manage its portfolio investment.
supply public goods.
Question 6 (2.475 points)

Which of the following best demonstrates one of the primary concerns that states face when they delegate political authority to an international organization?
Question 6 options:
they eliminate their ability to impose retaliatory tariffs
they face trade sanctions imposed by non-member states
they drive portfolio investors away from the state
they deprive themselves of some policy tools that might be needed to address future national crises
Question 7 (2.475 points)

The European ________ is responsible for setting interest rates and inflation targets for the eurozone and for regulating its banking systems.
Question 7 options:
Coal and Steel Community
Central Bank
Parliament
Federal System
Question 8 (1.5 points)

Over time, the 2003 Iraq War steadily reduced domestic political support inside the United States for paying the economic and political costs associated with hegemonic leadership, particularly those related to foreign troop deployments.
Question 8 options:True
False
Question 9 (2.475 points)

A series of economic, political, social, or military governing arrangements producing stable patterns of behavior is best defined as a(n) ________
Question 9 options:
norm.
authority.
juncture.
order.
Question 10 (0.75 points)
Question 10 options:The ________ argues that governments can only sustain two of the following three things simultaneously: globalization, democracy, and national governance.
Question 11 (2.475 points)

Which of the following situations best represents a past critical juncture in the international system?
Question 11 options:
the collapse of the Soviet Union that took place between 1989 and 1991
the economic recession associated with a spike in oil prices in the 1970s
the numerous battles that took place throughout Vietnam during the Cold War
the buildup of tensions between North Korea and the United States since the Cold War ended in 1991
Question 12 (2.475 points)

Turkey is looking to increase investment in the state and reduces tax rates to attract foreign corporations to the country while encouraging domestic businesses to expand. This behavior best demonstrates the concept of ________
Question 12 options:
the political trilemma.
the governance dilemma.
economic delegation.
the race to the bottom.
Question 13 (0.75 points)
Question 13 options:The distribution of military power among states creates ________ by influencing the ability of states to use war to alter status quo political arrangements.
Question 14 (2.475 points)

After the United States defeated Iraq in the Gulf War, the absence of a legitimate political ________ in Iraq made it difficult to repress political and military activity and made it easier for political groups to build new coercive organizations.
Question 14 options:
norm
order
institution
authority
Question 15 (0.75 points)
Question 15 options:A(n) _________ is a conflict over the governing arrangements of an order that structure the allocation of benefits within it.
Question 16 (2.475 points)

Denmark is a member of the European Union and is also part of a subset of member states that use a common currency and delegate control over a common monetary policy to a central bank. This organization is called the European ________
Question 16 options:
Court of Justice.
Parliament
Coal and Steel Community
Monetary Union.
Question 17 (0.75 points)
Question 17 options:Governments can reduce the spillover risks associated with global economic integration by joining ________ like the World Trade Organization and the European Union.
Question 18 (2.475 points)

The ________ dilemma arises as globalization creates political challenges over whether political authority should reside within states or international organizations.
Question 18 options:
cooperative
portfolio
governance
federal
Question 19 (2.475 points)

The Iraq War in 2003 led to changes in the regional political order by ________
Question 19 options:
creating a new hegemonic leadership structure.
reducing transnational activism.
eliminating regional trade barriers.
shifting the regional distribution of power.
Question 20 (2.475 points)

Critical ________ are relatively short historical windows defined by the erosion of structural constraints and more significant potential for important actors to remake the content of some order, generally with long-lasting consequences.
Question 20 options:
conflicts
actions
orders
junctures
Question 21 (2.475 points)

A strategic advisor has been asked to research the reasons for a significant economic decline within a state. It will most likely be more difficult for her to conduct her analysis without first understanding how the issue is impacted by ________
Question 21 options:
the behavior of transnational activists.
the composition of the state’s national identity.
the performance of the international economy.
the state’s distribution of military power.
Question 22 (1.5 points)

The Maastricht Treaty transferred additional political authority from European Union member states to the European Coal and Steel Community.
Question 22 options:True
False
Question 23 (2.475 points)

Citizens in the United States elect state governors to lead their respective states. Citizens from every state use the national election to vote for the President and other government officials who have jurisdiction over all the states. This governmental arrangement can be best described as a(n) ________ system.
Question 23 options:
federal
executive
parliamentary
customs
Question 24 (2.475 points)

Government leaders are meeting to discuss the state of their union. While the state operates as a democracy, they are finding it harder to manage their efforts to expand trade within the global market. Efforts to reach new multilateral trade agreements with other states have stalled. The leaders feel like they could better maintain the democratic beliefs they hold dear. Still, to do so, they would need to delegate some of the tools of governance to international organizations. This scenario best represents an example of the ________
Question 24 options:
race-to-the-bottom issue.
federal system jurisdiction.
governance dilemma.
political trilemma.
Question 25 (1.5 points)

President Trump has supported the role of multilateral international organizations in the global political order while disregarding the political importance of national sovereignty.
Question 25 options:True
False
Question 26 (2.475 points)

Citizens in a state are unhappy with a new trade agreement that their government leaders are considering. Numerous rallies have been planned, but many individuals fail to attend because they believe attendance will be strong even without them. This scenario best represents an example of the ________ problem.
Question 26 options:
cooperative
collective action
governance
critical juncture
Question 27 (0.75 points)
Question 27 options:A(n) ________ is defined as a temporary relaxation or collapse of a government arrangement that defines a previous order.
Question 28 (1.5 points)

It is difficult for the holders of portfolio investment to move their capital to countries with the lowest tax rates.
Question 28 options:True
False
Question 29 (2.475 points)

A group of states are working on a plan to eliminate tariffs on any trade between the member states. They are also creating a uniform tariff that will be used for any exports coming from non-member states. This agreement can be best described as a(n) ________ union.
Question 29 options:
governance
investment
federal
customs
Question 30 (2.475 points)

A recently elected president has begun implementing a series of tax increases targeting wealthy citizens. The additional tax income will be used to assist with public welfare programs. The tax increase most likely activated a(n) ________ conflict between the wealthy and the citizens who utilize public welfare.
Question 30 options:
institutional
distributional
identity
collective

I am needing help on how to write an Op-Ed. Not sure how to start and where to start. Please see below for what I am suppose to do.
Take a position on (makes an argument for), a position regarding a human rights topic or situation in an specific country that relates to what we have been discussing in class, it must be related to human rights. Op-eds/Articles are not reportage, course paper or literature reviews, it must include class materials/readings, your opinion, recommendations, problem description and also a logical structure. It must be oriented to impact the reader.
Think of a topic based on what interests you and you can form a narrative with recommendations based on a topic this class has covered. I will not review op-eds/articles not related to human rights and it must be published during this term (not previous publication). It must be an original publication from you.
Approximately 600 words; you can go longer if you show us that you are aiming for a publication that allows or encourages a longer op-ed

case study
What were the principal reasons for the economic stagnation of Bangladesh after its war for independence? Discuss. (Minimum words: 400, marks: 2)
Explain how the liberalization program in the 1990s enabled Bangladesh to start climbing the ladder of economic progress. What are the main lessons here that can be applied to economic development in other nations? (Minimum words: 500, marks: 4)
Bangladesh is dependent for its prosperity upon agriculture and textile exports. What are the risks here? How might Bangladesh diversify its industrial and commercial base? (Minimum words: 500, marks: 4)

I need help answering some Q’s I have the lecture slides attached. The Questions its 40 multiple choice and true/false questions its not that hard but i need help answering the questions every think u need its in the slides.
Lecture 5: 11 questions / Lecture 6: 7 questions / Lecture 7: 13 qtns./ Lecture 8: 4 qtns./ Lecture 9: 5 qtns
(please make sure we only have 1 hour and 20 min to answering the questions please look at the slides before you decide to work with me thank you. i will attach slide 9 later because there is no space .

it about Justice and pub pol: cont issues. course . i need Reflection papers should be 5 pages, Gadugi 13 font, double-spaced.
you may choose one of the following activities :
1-Observe criminal court proceeding(s) in person or appellate oral argument online.
2-watch film by Ava Duvernay (available on netflix) 13th.
3-Read and watch materials related to Court Watch.
(choose one of them and i will attached the course slides if u would like to look at them )

J-Terrorist Diaspora: The Vulnerable Locations!
Required Reading
• Collin P. Clarke. 2019. After the Caliphate. Ch. 3 – pp. 69-104.
Recommended Reading
• Assaf Moghadam. 2017. The Nexus of Global Jihad. Columbia Univ.
(please write two related questions at the end of the reflection papers)

What are the four main sources of international law? Discuss in not less than 200 words with at least one reference.

****ATTACHED IS MY THESIS THAT JUST NEEDS TO BE ALTERED BASE ON FEEDBACK.
After reviewing your instructor’s feedback on the week 14 submission and making ALL the required changes, submit your final thesis. Ensure that your submission is in condition to be reviewed by the program director.
MY FEEDBACK AND THINGS TO FIX LISTED:
Please see examples in EOP Manual:
Page numbers do not go on title page
Copyright is mandatory – I do not see it here.
Declaration, Abstract, Table of Contents need to be numbered i to iii
Un- bold your title
Copyright is way to high – see EOP Manual
Dedication is way too high – see EOP Manual
Acknowledgment is not on its own page – way too high – see EOP Manual
Abstract is not properly formatted
EOP Manual is linked here for reference to fix the items listed above. http://ebooks.apus.edu.ezproxy1.apus.edu/Capstone/CapstoneManual.pdf)
Again, the thesis should contain the following:
Introduction. Identifies your specific research question and sets the general context for the study.
Statement of the problem or general research question and context leading to a clear statement of the specific research question. Background and contextual material justifying why we should study this case or topic. Purpose statement.
Literature Review. Reviews the literature on a specific research question. The literature review focuses on discussing how other researchers have addressed the same of similar research questions. It introduces the study and places in larger context that includes a discussion of why it is important to study this case). It provides current state of our accumulated knowledge as it relates to your specific research question. It should include a short conclusion and transition to the Theoretical Framework section.
Theoretical Framework. The theoretical framework section develops the theories or models to be used in the study and shows how you have developed testable research hypotheses. This section includes a discussion of the gaps in the literature and how your thesis will address those gaps. It will include a justification and explanation of the theory or model that is used in the thesis.
Research Design. Describes how you will test the hypothesis and carry out your analysis. It describes the data you will use to test your hypothesis, how you will operationalize and collect data on your variables, and the analytic methods that you will use, noting potential biases and limitations to your research approach.
Findings/Results/Discussion. This section describes the results of the study.
Reference List. Reference the works that you have cited (direct quotes or paraphrases) in the text. This must be in APA format.
If APUS Institutional Review Board (IRB) is required, evidence of IRB approval should be submitted as a separate document within this assignment folder.
Keep in mind that appropriate stylistic formatting and documentation are the student’s responsibility. Student papers that do not follow the prescribed style rules will not be accepted.
Technical Requirements:
Your paper must be at a minimum of 50 pages (the Title and Reference pages do not count towards the minimum limit).
Scholarly and credible references should be used. A good rule of thumb is at least 2 scholarly sources per page of content.
Type in Times New Roman, 12 point and double space.
Students will follow the current APA Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework.
Points will be deducted for the use of Wikipedia or encyclopedic type sources. It is highly advised to utilize books, peer-reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.

Question 1
10 Points
This is your first written response. Nice! Remember that we want to reward you for your hard work and for your knowledge of course materials, especially the readings. Show your work and your knowledge off in this response. Treat it like a “mini-essay” where you’ve been asked to make an informed argument based on the course readings.
Remember: full details for this assignment and some hints and suggestions are available in your Assignment Instructions document.
Prompt: Realism and liberalism are two distinct theoretical traditions. Theorists and thinkers in each tradition see the world of global politics in very different ways. In particular, as we read, they have divergent views of the possibility of lasting peace between states. This is clear when we consider how neorealists like John Mearsheimer understand the rise of China, compared with how neoliberal thinkers like G. John Ikenberry and Daniel Deudney understand this case.
You have two related questions for this response: (1) Why do these two traditions, realism and liberalism, have different views about the possibility of peace between states? To answer question 1, be sure to showcase the underlying assumptions of each theory that lead to these divergent views. (2) Which tradition, realism or liberalism, best helps us explain the ongoing tensions between the USA and a rising China, and why?
Answer these two questions in a mini-essay, demonstrating your knowledge of the reading materials from this week. Be sure to cite properly including page numbers (see the link provided in your Assignment Instructions document for a citation guide). Make an informed argument that impresses us with your hard work and knowledge.
Answer these questions in the space provided below (copy and paste from a Word document).
Reminders and Recommendations:
Your Written Response should be 3-5 paragraphs, and must not be more than 800 words.
Be clear and concise and proof-read your writing. Avoid repetition.
It is not recommended that you rely on quotations. Instead, synthesize material in your own words.
Be sure to cite your claims properly, including using page numbers. No bibliography is required. Failure to cite will result in a zero on this assignment. Problems with citation will drastically reduce your score.
Be sure to address all questions or elements of the prompt.
Impress your Instructor by demonstrating your knowledge of the reading material, including both required and recommended (rather than lecture material), and your ability to offer an informed viewpoint that is supported by cited evidence.
No additional research is required beyond the required and recommended readings.
For details regarding citations, expectations, and grading of your Written Response, as well as how to interpret your score, see the Syllabus.
Hints and Specific Suggestions:
For this response, be sure to discuss the basics of each tradition in some detail and make clear why they have divergent views as to the root of conflict and cooperation. Your readings do this nicely for you. So use your readings – show off all your hard work and all your knowledge!
For this response, it is advised that you write three (3) body paragraphs: one surveying the central arguments and assumptions of the realist tradition, one surveying the central arguments and assumptions of the liberal tradition, and one articulating your own view of which is more convincing in explaining the USA-China case
We want to reward you for doing three things well in this written response: (i) accurately explaining each theory as we saw in our readings; (ii) making clear how and why each has a different view of war and cooperation and the USA-China relationship, something we also saw in our readings this week, and (iii) showing us, with some detail, why you think one is better at explaining that USA-China relationship than the other (i.e. making an informed argument).
This response can and should draw on any of required and recommended readings you see fit from weeks 3 and 4, and another course reading you think would be useful.
Final Reminders:
Please write your response in the space below (do not attach a file)
Check your formatting before submitting (make sure it is correct and clear, including your citations)
Citations are required.
No bibliography is required
You can submit 2 days late without penalty.
A 5% penalty is applied after 2 days to a maximum of 6 days late (when it is scored a zero).