Category: Government

I thought of research question and hypothesis but I am not really sure. I would like to aim my paper from chapter 6 and 7 for a strong hypothesis from the Openstax book online. I attached it to the directions. Once I get that then I will circle back and pay more to get help with the paper. Just want to see if my topic would be okay for the instructor..
My instructor wants a research question and hypothesis that I can possibly defend with a solution I suppose.

repare a 300-400-word summary of Unit One summarizing what you learned from the readings, lectures, Power Points, research, and discussion activities during the unit. Your summary will include a brief abstract of a “current event” that fits into the units discussions. The abstract should consist of approximately 100 words of your total summary, taken from a reputable online news source (a good suggestion is news.google.com) summarizing the news item for the class. Be sure to include the APA reference for the news source.
POLITICAL APPROACH TO STATES AND COMMUNITIES
Politics is concerned with managing conflict. The functions of state and local governments, from education and taxation to dealing with racial tensions, are political in nature and involve decisions as to how these problems need to be solved. Politics is an understanding of both the major conflicts confronting society and the political processes and governmental organizations designed to manage conflict.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATES AND COMMUNITIES
Political scientists attempt to explain why differences emerge in state and local communities: what programs were enacted, who benefited, and how these programs will be implemented. In order to compare across states or local governments, it is necessary to undertake a comparative study to answer these questions. States are excellent “laboratories” for new and inventive public policies. States and communities have different sociodemographic characteristics and unique historical circumstances and political cultures that help explain public policy choices.
State Economic Development
Influential in explaining the direction of public policy in a given state, it includes the following three variables:
Population Growth
Population growth rates refer to “the percentage of population increase over a decade,” which is a good indicator of how governments must adjust to the changing circumstances and the public services that need to be provided (see “Rankings of the States: Population Size and Projected Growth Rate, 2010–2030”).
Income
Money that is received as a result of normal business activities of an individual or a business; for example, wages. Rising personal income shows increased worker productivity and the creation of wealth. Income is not distributed evenly across the states.
Education
Higher levels of educational attainment in a state provide for an economically developed society comprising an efficient workforce and increased volumes of research and development overall (see: “Rankings of the States: Income and Education”).
RACE AND ETHNICITY
Much of the variation in public policy and political decision making is largely due to the racial and ethnic composition of those states.
African Americans
In the United States, there are approximately 41 million blacks comprising 13 percent of the total population, with more than half living in the South. The internal migration of blacks to the urban North was one of the largest migrations in U.S. history. Blacks have been most successful in winning elected offices in the southern states.
Hispanics
Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the United States, growing in number and percentage. (The term Hispanic refers to persons of Spanish-speaking ancestry and culture, regardless of race, and includes Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Central and South Americans, and Puerto Ricans.) Hispanics are not politically monolithic and differ in their party affiliations and participation rates due to varied cultural backgrounds and length of residency in the United States (see: “Rankings of the States: Hispanic and African American Populations”).
Asians and Pacific Islanders
Just like Hispanics, Asians are not ethnically or politically monolithic. They comprise 5 percent of the nation’s total population. There are significant differences in both language and culture. Asians are a majority of the population in Hawaii, the only state with a “majority-minority” population.
Native Americans
In the United States there are over 562 Indian tribes and Alaska Native groups. They number nearly 4 million, or 1 percent of the U.S. population. Each tribe has its own culture, identity, and history. Almost half of the Native American population lives on semiautonomous reservations in states throughout the United States.
THE POLITICS OF IMMIGRATION
The United States has always been a nation of immigrants—most arriving to fulfill the “American Dream” of economic prosperity or at least to pursue economic opportunities not afforded them in their homeland.
National Immigration Policy
The responsibility of immigration policy rests with the national government. Some immigrants reside as “lawful permanent residents” and others as political refugees seeking asylum in the United States for fear of persecution in their native country. Others
are here as illegal aliens, considered undocumented residents. The Simpson–Mazzoli Act of 1986 addressed the issue of illegal immigration and granted amnesty to those illegal aliens living in the United States since 1982.
Illegal Immigration
The unlawful entry of people from other nations into the United States has become a major political issue again in recent years because the United States has been unable and unwilling to secure its borders. After September 11, 2001, this issue has received intense scrutiny by both sides of the political aisle. Hispanics have been particularly concerned about any efforts to control illegal immigration and fear the possible discrimination against all Hispanics as a result of reform.
DREAM Act
Congress considered but failed to pass the DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act in 2010. The DREAM Act would offer permanent residency to undocumented aliens who came into the United States as minors, are under the age of 30, have lived in the country continuously for five years, and are either studying in a college or serving honorably in the military.
President Barack Obama announced that his administration would not deport young undocumented aliens who matched the DREAM Act’s requirements. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (CIS) now accepts application under this Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.
Immigration and Federalism
Some states are more directly affected by illegal immigration than others, especially those states along the Mexican border and states with major urban centers. Because the federal government has not been successful in establishing a policy that curbs illegal immigration, many states have resorted to enacting reforms of their own. Some more liberal cities have declared themselves “sanctuary cities” where federal immigration laws are not enforced.
Conflict over Immigration Reform
Beginning during George W. Bush’s and continuing with Obama’s administration, Washington has struggled with comprehensive immigration reform. The conversations centered on strengthening border enforcement and constructing additional fencing along the border with Mexico, granting legal status to undocumented immigrants in the United States, providing a path to citizenship complete with background checks, fines and fees, and English language training, establishing a temporary guest-worker program, and shifting the criteria for legal immigration from family-based preferences to skills and education. Consensus has not been achieved on these divisive issues.
LISM AND CONSERVATISM IN THE STATES
In order to determine the ideological profile of a state, one can look to the public policies on a liberal to conservative scale: their policy liberalism or policy conservatism on several policy measures. Another option to determine a state’s predominant ideological leanings is through voter self-identification and opinion polling. Both the scales of policy liberalism or policy conservatism highly correlate with ideological voter self-identification.
STATE POLITICAL CULTURES
Historical styles and traditions in states’ politics that cannot be directly attributed to demographic factors make up a state’s political culture. Political culture often helps explain the partisan and ideological distributions within a state in a way that social and economic factors cannot.
STATE CONSTITUTIONS: AN OVERVIEW
Bill of Rights
All state constitutions have a bill of rights, which includes basic freedoms such as the right to free speech, press, religion, and assembly. Most mimic what is already listed in the U.S. Constitution, but some state constitutions go further to include rights not found under the national Constitution. (See also “Up Close: The Sandy Hook Shootings and the Right to Bear Arms.”)
Separation of Powers
All state constitutions reflect the basic principle of separation of powers among the three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial), ensuring a system of checks and balances. Traditionally, however, most state constitutions reflect the distrust of gubernatorial executive authority and emphasize legislative power over executive power.
Weak Governors
State executive branches are weakened due to the separation of executive power among the governor and separately elected executive officials. In addition, separate boards and commissions that do not report directly to the governor can severely weaken the power of the governor in state affairs.
Legislative Powers
Forty-nine state legislatures are bicameral—consisting of two separate chambers. Only Nebraska is unicameral, with one house chamber.
Local Governments
Local governments are subdivisions of the state government, and not independent governmental bodies. State constitutions establish the organization and powers of local governments. In their absence, state legislatures carry out the same. Constitutional home rule is a more secure grant of power to communities than legislative home rule.
Interest Group Regulation
Many interest groups prefer regulatory language to be included in the state constitutions. This is because special protections written in the constitution cannot be easily amended.
Taxation and Finance
Many state constitutions place severe restrictions on the taxation authority of state and local governments. Some of these include exceptions to certain taxable properties like homesteads—owner-occupied homes.
Debt Limitation
Most state constitutions require balanced budgets that prohibit state and local governments from running deficits.
INITIATIVE CAMPAIGNS
Initiative campaigns have become costly and politically sophisticated. These campaigns are often sponsored by “special interests” that have the funding and organizational capacity to promote these initiatives statewide.
Initiatives Impact a Candidate’s Campaign
Candidates often take a stance on ballot initiative measures, and are impacted by the resultant voter turnout and competition for money, votes, and interest.
The Threat of Initiatives
Legislatures may be called to action with a looming threat of initiatives, especially those that are popular with voters. Another threat is to the rights of petition signers, to keep the names confidential.
Reform Proposals
Reform efforts to limit the initiative process in the eighteen states that have these provisions have not met with much success because they remain popular devices among the electorate.
Citizens’ Initiatives and Term Limits
Term limits—constitutional limits on the number of terms or the number of years that a public official can serve in the same office—have been popular with voters. (Table 2-6 lists states that term limit their state legislators. Also see “Did You Know? Term Limits Are Still Controversial.”)
U.S. Supreme Court Rejection of Congressional Term Limits by States
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1995 that states did not have the constitutional authority to limit congressional terms. The only three qualifications valid in this regard are age, citizenship, and residence.
Term Limits Kick In
Fifteen states currently have term limits on the books. While there has been numerical turnover and a large increase in the number of freshman legislators, there has also been institutional memory loss. This has tended to increase the influence of legislative staff and lobbyists in the policy-making process. Most state legislators are strongly opposed to term limits.

In the memo (1-2 pages) to the governor, you will describe and critically evaluate an election policy in your state or a neighboring state, either a current or proposed law (e.g., same-day registration, online voting, voter ID, permanent felon disenfranchisement). In your paper, you will be required to cite at least 5 academic sources, cite 2-3 reputable news sources, and use APA formatting for the citations and References.
1. What are your thoughts on the policy?
2. Do you believe it disenfranchises some people?
3. Do you think it is a successful policy?
4. If there is anything in the policy that you would change, what recommendations would you provide to the governor?
Prepare an ad using Canva to get people out to vote based on your recommendations. If you have a Twitter or Instagram account -post #COFCVOTES #POLI101-10.
CofC Twitter Account: @COFC
Take a picture of the ad and post in your assignment.

You must first summarize the readings in no more than 6-15 sentences. Please do not worry about the book ones but all the links must be summarized. You will see this in the guidelines attached. Then you must do a case study. Please choose between either Libya and Italy, or Dominican Republic and Haiti. All of this is in the guidelines please follow them very carefully. Outside research must be done please use scholarly articles from Jstor, books, and newspaper articles. Again it is all in the guidelines. Lastly, in the link attached Called International Migration drivers please only do chapters 2 and 3 pages 19-48.

Learn material on the emergence of the Religious Right, you will gain a clearer understanding of the worldview underlying the movement. Compare/Contrast the worldview of the Religious Right, at the time of its founding, to your current worldview.

The Long History of the Religious Right

Answer each of the following essay questions with as much detail as possible:

1. Describe in detail the 3 levels of governments in the U.S.?
2. Describe in detail the 3 branches of government at each level of government (Federal, State and Government) and explain what each branch is responsible for? Also describe the role of the individuals (both elected and appointed) involved in each branch?

3. What are some of the similarities and differences between the U.S. Court System and the State Court Systems. Be specific with examples?
4. List the major historical milestones that led to the Declaration of Independence. What impacts did each of these milestones have on the colonists? How did they initially react? What is the significance of the essay titled “Common Sense”?

5. What are the Articles of Confederation? What did they do? Hoe long were they in effect? Why did they fail? What were they replaced with?

DO NOT QUOTE.

Using scholarly sources and the sources provided below answer the following;
In what ways do governments, NGOs, and public/private corporations provide for or diminish human security? Explain…
Opportunities for Regional Cooperation on Low-Carbon Energy in Central Asia. (March 31, 2022). https://development.asia/summary/opportunities-regional-cooperation-low-carbon-energy-central-asia
In-text reference: (Opportunities for Regional Cooperation on Low-Carbon Energy in Central Asia, 2022).
Street Lighting PPPs: Improving Energy Efficiency and Public Safety in India’s Cities. (n.d.). https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099933008102291732/pdf/IDU047cf182307c480478209a8102529dec1dbf5.pdf
In-text reference: (Street Lighting PPPs: Improving Energy Efficiency and Public Safety in India’s Cities, n.d.).
The Duran. (May 21, 2023). Trade between BRICS nations hits record levels. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfeHIGbYsPw
In-text reference: (The Duran, 2023).
Turley, S. (Feb. 20, 2023). India Goes to WAR with George Soros!!!

In-text reference: (Turley, 2023).

Using the sources provided below, answer the following;
Using Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Africa as an example, is the Chinese model of a combination of direct investment and loans a good way for African countries to encourage development? Can the US and other Western Democracies compete with this China approach to engaging Africa? Explain…
How America plans to break China’s grip on African minerals. (Feb. 28, 2023). https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/02/28/how-america-plans-to-break-chinas-grip-on-african-minerals
In-text reference: (How America plans to break China’s grip on African minerals, 2023).
Jones, C. D. (Jan. 24, 2022). Chinese Economic Engagement in Africa: Implications for U.S. Policy. https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/01/chinese-economic-engagement-in-africa/
In-text reference: (Jones, 2022).
Patrick, I. (July 6, 2023). Coming soon: a new tool to grapple with Chinese economic data. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3226703/coming-soon-new-tool-grapple-chinese-economic-data?module=perpetual_scroll_2_AI&pgtype=article&campaign=3226703
In-text reference: (Patrick, 2023).
The Duran. (July 29, 2023). African nations defy Collective West, attend Russia-Africa summit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh3twuiP7rY
In-text reference: (The Duran, 2023).

Using the sources below What are some ways that international institutions can help countries develop in ways that are appropriate to their unique cultural and geographic situations? Also, and in your own opinion, as compared to countries such as Russia and China and how they engage with other countries in the world today, are the US and other Western democracies “handicapped” in their ability to help other countries develop by climate change and green energy policies? If so, what can be done about this? Explain…
ENERGYminute. (2019). Hitory of Energy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caSnC5q9QFY
In-text reference: (ENERGYminute, 2019).
Hossenfelder, S. (April 22, 2022). Is Nuclear Energy Green? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kahih8RT1k
In-text reference: (Hossenfelder, 2022).
Klinges, D. (May 2, 2019). Changing energy use in rural Africa with power from solar, clean stoves…and women. https://news.mongabay.com/2019/05/changing-energy-use-in-rural-africa-with-power-from-solar-clean-stovesand-women/
In-text reference: (Klinges, 2019).
Smallman, S., & Brown, K. (2020). Introduction to International and Global Studies (3rd ed.). The University of North Carolina Press.
In-text reference: (Smallman & Brown, 2020).

Using scholarly sources create a presentation on an international agreement, explaining how it has impacted the aviation industry. The presentation at a minimum must include the following:
1. Identify an international agreement between the United States and another country.
2. Analyze the impact of the agreement on the global aviation industry.
3. Determine if updates to the agreement will be needed in the future.