Category: Ecology

Develop a proposal following the typical research process, including research questions or specific aims, hypotheses, brief literature review, study design, data collection plan and consideration. Double spaced, minimum of 10 pages without references.

I have an ecology lab and uploaded the results
They are asking for a report and its very important
If any info needed please email me
They require 2 pages and hypothesis, graph and something like that
also
For Shannon wiener index –
Look at table 16.1 in the tb and build your own table with each of the vegetated data and unvegetated data.
1. take all species from both data’s. And take the tot no of species … of each species. But don’t take the species that have 0 number. Avoid those.
2. Next is pi which is basically the indices number of species divided by total number. Like if blaps kollari is 12 and the total no of species of all the species is 300(assume). Your Pi is 12 divided by 300.
3. Next is ln Pi which is basically natural log of Pi value. Put in calculator
4. Next multiply Pi and ln Pi values.
5. After you have that sum it all up and voila done. That’s your Shannon wiener index

Presentation Outline about “The
Impact of Overharvesting on Kelp Forest Ecosystems”
– Include the title (an informative
title regarding your topic … e.g., “Habitat Loss Alters Trophic Interactions in
Multiple Ecosystems”)
– 1-2 pages (single-spaced)
– Bullet point format – cover the entire presentation from introduction to
conclusion
– Shows structure of presentation:
o Introduction/Background
o Ecological Impact/ Example #1
▪ Example of impact – can be pulled from research paper (with at
least two supporting citations)
o Ecological Impact/ Example #2
▪ Example of impact – can be pulled from research paper (with at
least two supporting citations)
o Ecological Impact/ Example #3
▪ Example of impact – can be pulled from research paper (with at
least two supporting citations)
o Should have one Ecological Impact/ Example per group member
o Conclusion: Solutions/Future Directions of Research
o List of References
Note:Place use” ecology format for citation”
I include my rough draft regarding to this topic please follow the rough draft, the 3 subtopics are not complete or not addressing well please use3 good subtopics with 2citation to support.(plase check the outlinepdf file)
o Introduction/Background – include 1-3 supporting background details as
well as the overall thesis of your paper
▪ Background Info (with supporting citations)
▪ Background Info (with supporting citations)
▪ Thesis statement:
o Subtopic 1 (i.e., the focus of an area of research)
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Must have at least 2 pieces of evidence
o Subtopic 2
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Must have at least 2 pieces of evidence
o Subtopic 3 (you should have at least 3 subtopics, but can include more)
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Evidence (with supporting citations)
▪ Must have at least 2 pieces of evidence
o Discussion/Conclusions/Future Directions
▪ Summarize main ideas and discuss why your topic is important
▪ Two mitigation strategies/possible solutions that are being
studied or tried out to reduce the negative impact of the
disturbance on your ecosystem (with supporting citation

What are the five spheres that create Earth’s environments? How does each affect the environments of Earth?
What characteristics do humans share with other mammals? With other primates?
What is a typical habitat for a (non-human) primate? What are some variations in primate habitat?
What are some ways in which primate niches vary? What are some important primate social behaviors? Which are found in humans and which are not? What social behaviors are found in humans but not in other primates.
What environmental changes did apes have to contend with during the Pliocene epoch? What were some of the variations within the Plio-Pleistocene hominins and how might they reflect differences in habitat and/or niche?
What one trait did they all share (we have it too!)?
How were they similar and different from modern humans (all of us)?
What are some possible advantages of bipedal locomotion in a savanna habitat?
To what niche were the first stone tools best suited?
Hunting with tools has been suggested as the key to evolution of the basic human pattern (“Man the Hunter”). What are some of the problems with this idea? Why is “Person the Sharer” a better explanation of early human evolution?
In what ways did control of fire (beginning as early as 1 million years ago) influence human ecology?
Among present-day hunter-gatherers, which provides most of the food: hunting or gathering?
Describe the ecological niche of hunter-gatherers of recent times. What are its implications for humans in the following areas: settlement pattern, population density, technology, personal property, social hierarchy, surplus production?
What kinds of habitats are hunter-gatherers capable of inhabiting? Can hunter-gatherers exist in areas where farmers cannot? Is the reverse also true? What does the example of Kakadu in northern Australia suggest about hunter-gatherers using burning to manage their environments and its significance in the present day?
What is the overkill hypothesis? What evidence supports it and what evidence undermines it? What evidence supports/undermines climate change as an alternative to overkill?

In your opinion, what have we learned about ecological succession and disturbance that can be used to manage forests and other natural areas in a sustainable manner? Are there ways to mimic nature? Please do some additional research on this topic, starting with the reading and resources below:
Here’s a little background reading to start you off:
Millions of acres of forest across the U.S. are regenerating from intensive logging of decades past. Historic timber harvesting typically either involved clear-cutting (cutting all trees in a forest at once) or high-grading (cutting the larger, merchantable, trees while leaving smaller trees to continue growing). With either approach, secondary succession soon produces a dense young forest of small, similarly sized trees.
These young forests can be very uniform over large areas, creating little of the habitat diversity needed to support high numbers of plant and animal species (species diversity). In addition, the high density of young trees means they compete intensely for resources, resulting in slow growth and potentially high mortality rates. Little sunlight reaches the forest floor, limiting growth of understory plants.
In contrast, the old growth forests (not previously logged) that existed before were structurally complex and diverse. Trees in such forests were generally larger in size and spaced further apart, allowing sunlight to filter through the canopy and support understory shrubs, ferns and wildflowers. Small scale disturbances by wind, fire and insect infestations would periodically kill small blocks of trees, creating sunny openings within which early successional plants could colonize. Additional habitat diversity was provided by large standing dead trees (snags) and fallen logs. Numerous small animals could make use of these structures for shelter, predator escape and nesting. The presence of those small animals, in turn, attracted their predators.
With enough time, natural succession will usually restore old growth conditions in previously logged forests. However, this process may take decades to centuries to complete. Many forest managers are consequently interested in accelerating this process, or at least managing younger forests so as to mimic some of the beneficial characteristics of old growth forests. The Vermont Land Trust video (linked below) details one such effort.
As you watch the Vermont Land Trust video, think about the forest management principles that are discussed and how they relate to succession concepts learned after the Mt. St. Helens eruption in 1980 (see the Mt. Saint Helens article and interactive website in the Unit 5 resources). Even though the details of these two successions are very different, some of the same concepts and lessons apply. Your initial discussion board response should address the following specific succession concepts: disturbance, pioneer species, biological legacies, snags, downed trees, habitat diversity, species diversity. You should also explicitly address the lessons of BOTH the Vermont Land Trust forest and Mt. St. Helens.
For inspiration, please view the following video from the Vermont Land Trust and review the material on Mt. St. Helens in the study guide.

In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Vermont Land Trust. (2020, December 30). Ecological forest management in action: Creating a disturbance to mimic nature [Video]. cielo24. https://c24.page/92uhzqf3xta76up297ryvmqk24

In your opinion, what have we learned about ecological succession and disturbance that can be used to manage forests and other natural areas in a sustainable manner? Are there ways to mimic nature? Please do some additional research on this topic, starting with the reading and resources below:
Here’s a little background reading to start you off:
Millions of acres of forest across the U.S. are regenerating from intensive logging of decades past. Historic timber harvesting typically either involved clear-cutting (cutting all trees in a forest at once) or high-grading (cutting the larger, merchantable, trees while leaving smaller trees to continue growing). With either approach, secondary succession soon produces a dense young forest of small, similarly sized trees.
These young forests can be very uniform over large areas, creating little of the habitat diversity needed to support high numbers of plant and animal species (species diversity). In addition, the high density of young trees means they compete intensely for resources, resulting in slow growth and potentially high mortality rates. Little sunlight reaches the forest floor, limiting growth of understory plants.
In contrast, the old growth forests (not previously logged) that existed before were structurally complex and diverse. Trees in such forests were generally larger in size and spaced further apart, allowing sunlight to filter through the canopy and support understory shrubs, ferns and wildflowers. Small scale disturbances by wind, fire and insect infestations would periodically kill small blocks of trees, creating sunny openings within which early successional plants could colonize. Additional habitat diversity was provided by large standing dead trees (snags) and fallen logs. Numerous small animals could make use of these structures for shelter, predator escape and nesting. The presence of those small animals, in turn, attracted their predators.
With enough time, natural succession will usually restore old growth conditions in previously logged forests. However, this process may take decades to centuries to complete. Many forest managers are consequently interested in accelerating this process, or at least managing younger forests so as to mimic some of the beneficial characteristics of old growth forests. The Vermont Land Trust video (linked below) details one such effort.
As you watch the Vermont Land Trust video, think about the forest management principles that are discussed and how they relate to succession concepts learned after the Mt. St. Helens eruption in 1980 (see the Mt. Saint Helens article and interactive website in the Unit 5 resources). Even though the details of these two successions are very different, some of the same concepts and lessons apply. Your initial discussion board response should address the following specific succession concepts: disturbance, pioneer species, biological legacies, snags, downed trees, habitat diversity, species diversity. You should also explicitly address the lessons of BOTH the Vermont Land Trust forest and Mt. St. Helens.
For inspiration, please view the following video from the Vermont Land Trust and review the material on Mt. St. Helens in the study guide.

In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Vermont Land Trust. (2020, December 30). Ecological forest management in action: Creating a disturbance to mimic nature [Video]. cielo24. https://c24.page/92uhzqf3xta76up297ryvmqk24

I have all the instructions below for the references. The goal of this assignment is to summarize the key points of your 5 chosen scientific resources
(e.g., journal articles) and to explain how each one is applicable to your research paper topic.
Details on finding and citing appropriate literature are in the Literature Searching and
Citations Guidelines.
For each of your 5 sources you should first include the full reference (use Ecology formatting),
followed by a short paragraph that should include the goal of the article (1 sentence), the
applicable findings of the article (2-3 sentences), and how the article will fit into your research
paper (1-2 sentences). You will be graded on content, length, and correct citation format using
Ecology formatting. Remember: the summaries should be in your own words and should not
contain any quotes.
Below is an example reference that would receive full credit:
Finkelstein, M. E., S. Wolf, M. Goldman, D.F. Doak, P.R. Sievert, G. Balogh, and H. Hasegawa.
2010. The anatomy of a (potential) disaster: Volcanoes, behavior, and population viability of
the short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus). Biological Conservation 143:321-331.
This article uses a population viability analysis to examine threats to an endangered seabird, the
short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus). The authors explore how a natural disaster, like a
volcano eruption, would affect the small population of short-tailed albatrosses on their breeding
islands. They then compare these effects with the measured impact of a 1% annual increase in
population mortality due to human activities, like bycatch. I can use this paper to show how
overharvesting marine fish populations can have unintended effects on the conservation of other
marine species.
my topic is about overharvsting and I want refrecnes about kelp forest. i want refrecnes regarding that topic and answer the questions for each references you do.

I have all the instructions below for the references. The goal of this assignment is to summarize the key points of your 5 chosen scientific resources
(e.g., journal articles) and to explain how each one is applicable to your research paper topic.
Details on finding and citing appropriate literature are in the Literature Searching and
Citations Guidelines.
For each of your 5 sources you should first include the full reference (use Ecology formatting),
followed by a short paragraph that should include the goal of the article (1 sentence), the
applicable findings of the article (2-3 sentences), and how the article will fit into your research
paper (1-2 sentences). You will be graded on content, length, and correct citation format using
Ecology formatting. Remember: the summaries should be in your own words and should not
contain any quotes.
Below is an example reference that would receive full credit:
Finkelstein, M. E., S. Wolf, M. Goldman, D.F. Doak, P.R. Sievert, G. Balogh, and H. Hasegawa.
2010. The anatomy of a (potential) disaster: Volcanoes, behavior, and population viability of
the short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus). Biological Conservation 143:321-331.
This article uses a population viability analysis to examine threats to an endangered seabird, the
short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus). The authors explore how a natural disaster, like a
volcano eruption, would affect the small population of short-tailed albatrosses on their breeding
islands. They then compare these effects with the measured impact of a 1% annual increase in
population mortality due to human activities, like bycatch. I can use this paper to show how
overharvesting marine fish populations can have unintended effects on the conservation of other
marine species.
my top is about kelp forest. i want refrecnes regarding that topic and answer the questions for each references you do.

Address the two following issues in a single report:
1. Provide information based on the course readings on the rationale for commissioning building systems. List the building systems that can be potentially included in a commissioning plan. Describe and compare the commissioning requirements and options for commissioning for both LEED v4 and Green Globes. (500 words)
2. Draft up a checklist of contractor requirements in both LEED v4 and Green Globes. Include soil and erosion control, construction indoor air quality, storage of materials, data gathering for credits such as recycled content, low VOC materials, sustainably sourced wood, and other similar requirements. (500 words)

hi, please answer the questions regarding to these 2 articles.
please don’t use any other online sources, like google, cheeg,CharGPT, Cheeg, Quizlet, course hero. it has to be your own words from 2 articles.
please, the final file will check in turitin link for plagerisim please use your own words.