Category: Criminology

For your capstone research paper, you will write a 10page research paper on Bail Bond System policy and why is it a problem to american. The purpose of the paper is to provide the reader with a synopsis of a problem or critical issue in US crime, what we know about the pre-existing policies that are causing or contributing to one of the problems or issues, and what alternative policy options are recommended.
All information contained in the paper must come from academic sources.
you must use a minimum of 10 academic sources when writing your paper. Your paper must be written in APA format and must include citations written in APA format. Failure to include citations constitutes plagiarism. Your paper must include a reference page DO NOT COUNT IN TITLE PAGE ILL WRITE THAT.
The Structural Elements of the Capstone Research Report
Policy reports directly reflect the different roles that the policy analyst commonly plays, i.e. from the researcher to advocate. The type of report that you are writing is one from the more action-oriented, advocacy end of the continuum (but that is nevertheless based purely on evidence and not your opinion). Although there is much variation even at this end of the scale, the most common elements of the policy brief are as follows:
-Executive Summary (1/2 page )
-Context and the Importance of the Problem (2 pages)
-Pre-existing Policies, Policy Options, and Research (5 pages)
-Conclusion (1/2 page)
-Policy Recommendations (2 pages)
-References

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1: Understand the Assignment Requirements

This 10-page research paper will analyze the bail bond system policy in the U.S., discuss why it is problematic, and recommend alternative policy solutions. Key requirements:
Use at least 10 academic sources (peer-reviewed articles, legal studies, government reports).
Follow APA format, including in-text citations and a reference page.
Structure the paper according to policy analysis guidelines (outlined below).
Base arguments on evidence, not personal opinion.

Step 2: Organize Your Paper Using the Required Structure

1. Executive Summary (½ Page)

• Briefly summarize the problem with the U.S. bail bond system.
• Explain how pre-existing policies contribute to the issue.
• Provide a short preview of alternative policy recommendations.

2. Context and Importance of the Problem (2 Pages)

• Define the bail bond system and how it functions in the U.S. criminal justice system.
• Explain why it is a critical issue (e.g., financial exploitation, racial disparities, mass incarceration).
• Use data and statistics to highlight the impact on marginalized communities.
• Provide real-world examples (e.g., cases of wrongful detention due to inability to pay bail).

3. Pre-Existing Policies, Policy Options, and Research (5 Pages)

• A. Current Bail Bond Policies (2 Pages)

  • Explain current bail bond laws (cash bail, private bail bondsmen, commercial bail industry).
  • Discuss how judicial discretion, income inequality, and racial bias affect bail decisions.
  • Present academic research on the negative social and economic impacts of the system.

• B. Alternative Policy Options (3 Pages)

  • No Cash Bail Systems (e.g., New Jersey’s risk-based system).
  • Pretrial Supervision & Risk Assessment Tools.
  • Community-Based Release Programs.
  • Comparative analysis of international bail policies (e.g., how other countries handle pretrial detention).

4. Conclusion (½ Page)

• Summarize key takeaways from the policy analysis.
• Reinforce why the bail bond system needs reform and what research supports this view.

5. Policy Recommendations (2 Pages)

• Propose specific policy changes, based on evidence.
• Discuss pros and cons of implementing these alternatives.
• Address potential challenges (e.g., funding, political resistance, public perception).

6. References (Not Counted in Page Limit)

• List all 10+ academic sources in APA format.
• Ensure proper in-text citations match reference entries.

Final Tips Before Submission:

Use APA formatting (12-pt Times New Roman, double-spaced, 1-inch margins).
Cite all sources properly to avoid plagiarism.
Support your argument with data, research, and case studies.
Proofread for grammar, coherence, and clarity.

By following this structured approach, your capstone research paper will be well-organized, evidence-based, and impactful!

For this part of the final project, you will use the John Jay library databases or Google Scholar to locate 5 scholarly or credible sources on your chosen topic
What is a scholarly or credible source? For your project, you should be relying on sources that have credibility. Appropriate sources would be articles written by experts in the field, articles found in peer-reviewed journals, published documents from well-known research groups (e.g. Pew Research), and reports published by government agencies (e.g. NIH, CDC). Inappropriate sources would include popular websites (e.g. about.com, ehow.com, Wikipedia) or media outlets (e.g. Fox, MSNBC, WSJ, NY Times, Forbes, etc.). These sources do not always accurately report their findings and are sometimes prone to bias. If a website or article fails to report the credentials of the author and does not provide citations for the information contained in the article, chances are it is not a scholarly source and therefore should not be used.
Submit a summary of each article using the attached worksheet. In your own words, identify the key findings of the article. Do not simply state what the article was about (e.g. “This article talks about cyberbullying.”). What specific information did you learn from your source? (e.g. “Cyberbullying has become a popular means of abuse among teenagers, affecting about half of all young people.”) The purpose of this summary is to prove that you have actually read and understood each of your sources. Your summaries should be 2-3 paragraphs in length. Do NOT simply copy and paste the abstract or any other part of your source! This is plagiarism and is a violation of university policy.
The purpose of this assignment is to 1) ensure that you are using appropriate, scholarly sources, and 2) to make sure you are on track for your final project

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step 1: Understand the Assignment Requirements

• Locate 5 scholarly or credible sources using Google Scholar or John Jay Library Databases.
• Summarize each source in your own words in 2-3 paragraphs.
• Clearly state the key findings—not just what the article is about.
• Do NOT copy and paste from the source (this is plagiarism).
• Use the attached worksheet to submit your summaries.

Step 2: Search for Scholarly Sources

• Use Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com) or the John Jay Library Databases.
• Look for peer-reviewed journal articles, research studies, or government reports (e.g., NIH, CDC, Pew Research).
• Avoid Wikipedia, media outlets, blogs, or opinion pieces.

Step 3: Organize Your Sources

For each source, record:

• Title
• Author(s)
• Publication year
• Journal or organization
• URL or DOI (if applicable)

Step 4: Write Your Summaries (2-3 Paragraphs Each)

How to Structure Each Summary:

1st Paragraph: Identify the Source and Its Purpose

• What is the article about?
• Who conducted the research?
• What methods or data did the study use?

Example:

The article by Smith & Jones (2021) examines the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent mental health. The researchers conducted a survey of 1,000 high school students to analyze the psychological effects of online harassment. Their goal was to identify patterns in cyberbullying behavior and the long-term emotional consequences for victims.

2nd Paragraph: Key Findings and Relevance

• What important information did you learn?
• How does this source contribute to your project?

Example:

The study found that 47% of teenagers have experienced cyberbullying, with victims showing higher rates of anxiety and depression compared to non-victims. Additionally, social media platforms were identified as the most common medium for online harassment. These findings are crucial for understanding how digital communication contributes to modern bullying behaviors and support the need for stronger online safety regulations.

Step 5: Check for Accuracy and Plagiarism

• Ensure that all summaries are in your own words.
• Do NOT copy abstracts—this will be flagged as plagiarism.
• Keep your writing clear, concise, and factual.

Step 6: Submit Your Work

• Fill in the attached worksheet with your 5 article summaries.
• Double-check that all sources meet the scholarly criteria.
• Proofread for grammar and clarity before submission.

The overall purpose of this assignment is to research, analyze, and synthesize school failure and youth crimes related to juvenile crime. you will research and write a 6-8 page research paper.
Your topic is School Failure and Youth Crimes. Develop a research question for your selected topic. For example, appropriate research questions regarding other juvenile justice topics include:
Do Boot Camps lower reoffending rates when compared to similarly situated incarcerated youths?
How is school failure related to juvenile delinquency?
What are the outcomes for students who complete the D.A.R.E. programs?
Does parental criminality impact children’s offending rates? If so, how so?
you will need to locate three journal articles about your research topic and summarize those articles in a two to three page paper.
Then you will apply the articles to your research question and develop a two-page outline of your question, research findings based on your journal articles, application/discussion, and conclusions.As you complete your research paper .

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Step-by-Step Guide to Structuring and Writing Your Paper:

Step 1: Choose a Research Question and Topic

Your assignment focuses on the relationship between school failure and youth crimes, specifically juvenile delinquency. Start by crafting a clear and focused research question based on the topic. You can either use one of the examples provided or develop your own based on the research you plan to conduct. Here are some examples of research questions to consider:

• How is school failure related to juvenile delinquency?
• What factors contribute to school failure and their connection to youth crime?
• Can improving school performance reduce juvenile delinquency rates?

Select a research question that resonates with you, is specific, and is backed by available research.

Step 2: Conduct Research and Locate Articles

Find three scholarly journal articles related to your research question. These articles will form the foundation of your research paper. Here’s how to proceed:

• Use academic databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar, or your school’s library resources to find peer-reviewed journal articles.
• Choose articles that focus on school failure, juvenile delinquency, and any underlying factors linking the two.
• As you read each article, take notes on key findings, arguments, and methodologies.

Step 3: Write a Two to Three-Page Summary of the Articles

Once you’ve gathered your three articles, summarize each one in a two to three-page paper. In this summary, be sure to include the following:

• The main argument or thesis of each article.
• Key findings or evidence presented in the articles.
• How the articles relate to your research question.
• Any gaps or limitations in the research that you notice.

Step 4: Develop a Two-Page Outline

Before diving into the full research paper, create a two-page outline to organize your thoughts. This outline should include:

1. Introduction:

   • State your research question clearly.
   • Explain the significance of studying school failure and youth crimes (juvenile delinquency).
   • Briefly mention the articles you will be analyzing.

2. Literature Review / Application of Articles:

   • Summarize each of the three articles in a few sentences.
   • Discuss how each article contributes to answering your research question.
   • Analyze how the findings from the articles relate to each other, and note any discrepancies or agreements among them.

3. Discussion / Application:

   • Based on the articles, provide insights into how school failure contributes to youth crime.
   • Consider other factors (e.g., family background, peer influence) that may also play a role in juvenile delinquency.
   • Discuss how addressing school failure can potentially reduce youth crime.

4. Conclusion:

   • Summarize your key findings and the implications of your research.
   • Suggest possible interventions or solutions for reducing school failure and its link to juvenile crime.

Step 5: Writing the 6-8 Page Research Paper

Using the two-page outline, begin writing your full research paper. Make sure to:

• Introduction: Clearly state the research question and provide background information.
• Literature Review: Summarize the articles in detail, and highlight their relevance to your research question.
• Analysis and Discussion: Analyze how the articles answer your research question. Discuss potential reasons why school failure contributes to youth crimes, incorporating your own ideas and insights.
• Conclusion: Summarize your findings and propose future research or potential solutions to the problem.

Step 6: Formatting and Citations

• Follow the required formatting guidelines (APA, MLA, or Chicago style) for your research paper.
• Make sure to properly cite the three journal articles you used in your paper. Include a works cited or reference page at the end of your paper.

Step 7: Final Proofreading and Revisions

Once you have completed your research paper:

• Review it for clarity, coherence, and logical flow.
• Check for grammatical errors and correct any mistakes.
• Ensure that your citations are correctly formatted.

Step 8: Submit Your Paper

After reviewing and making necessary revisions, your paper is ready for submission. Double-check that you’ve met all the assignment requirements, including the page length and article summary.

The overall purpose of this assignment is to research, analyze, and synthesize school failure and youth crimes related to juvenile crime. you will research and write a 6-8 page research paper.
Your topic is School Failure and Youth Crimes. Develop a research question for your selected topic. For example, appropriate research questions regarding other juvenile justice topics include:
Do Boot Camps lower reoffending rates when compared to similarly situated incarcerated youths?
How is school failure related to juvenile delinquency?
What are the outcomes for students who complete the D.A.R.E. programs?
Does parental criminality impact children’s offending rates? If so, how so?
you will need to locate three journal articles about your research topic and summarize those articles in a two to three page paper.
Then you will apply the articles to your research question and develop a two-page outline of your question, research findings based on your journal articles, application/discussion, and conclusions.As you complete your research paper .

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your research paper easily!

Outline for Your Research Paper on School Failure and Youth Crimes

Title Page

• Follow APA format for the title page.
• Include title, your name, course name, instructor’s name, and date.

Introduction (Level 1 Heading)

• Introduce the topic: Provide background on school failure and juvenile delinquency.
• State your research question: Example – How is school failure related to juvenile delinquency?
• Explain the paper’s purpose: What you aim to explore, analyze, and conclude.

Literature Review (2-3 Pages) (Level 1 Heading)

• Summarize three journal articles related to school failure and youth crimes.
• For each article, include:
  • Author(s) and title
  • Key findings
  • Relevance to your research question

Research Findings and Analysis (2-3 Pages) (Level 1 Heading)

• Connect the findings from your journal articles to your research question.
• Identify trends, patterns, and relationships between school failure and juvenile crime.
• Use statistics or case studies from the journal articles to support your argument.

Application and Discussion (1-2 Pages) (Level 1 Heading)

• Explain the real-world implications of your research findings.
• Discuss how educators, policymakers, and law enforcement can use this information.
• Consider preventative measures to reduce school failure and youth crime rates.

Conclusion (1 Page) (Level 1 Heading)

• Summarize key findings and their significance.
• Restate your research question and provide a clear answer based on your research.
• Discuss future research areas that could further explore this topic.

References (APA Format) (Level 1 Heading)

• List all sources used in APA format.

Final Submission Checklist

6-8 pages (excluding title and reference pages)
APA formatting throughout (Times New Roman, 12-pt font, double-spaced)
Three journal articles summarized and applied
Turnitin submission for originality check

Now you’re ready to write a well-structured and research-backed paper!

Research Paper:
Students will be required to submit a seven to ten (7-10) page research paper on one of the topics from the list that I provide as it relates to The Patrol Function. The assignment must be written in the third-person (except when your opinion is stated). The paper needs to follow APA style (the library has a number of APA style manuals).
It is easy to download from the internet, but that is not only morally dishonest but educationally counterproductive, since you are defeating the purpose of writing and thus cheating yourself as well. See, also, Statement of College Policy on Plagiarism.
All papers must be formatted in the APA citation method. Students will use the American Psychological Association (APA) style for written assignments, as appropriate. APA guidelines can be found on the John Jay College Library website http://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/ under “Library publications.” The Writing Center – located in Room 01.68 NB, is a service that provides free tutoring in writing to students of John Jay College. The Center emphasizes formulating a thesis, organizing and developing ideas, documenting American Psychological Association (APA) style, evaluating evidence and revising a paper, and writing specific to the disciplines. If you are given a Referral Form to the Writing Center, you must attend to get further instruction on the specific items addressed on the form: This is not optional.

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

Writing a research paper on The Patrol Function may seem challenging, but breaking it down into steps will help you complete the assignment successfully. Follow this structured guide to stay on track:

Step 1: Select a Topic

• Choose a topic from the provided list that is specific and researchable.
• Make sure your topic relates directly to The Patrol Function in law enforcement.
• Start gathering background information to refine your focus.

Step 2: Research Using Credible Sources

• Use scholarly articles, government reports, books, and law enforcement case studies.
• Search databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar, and the John Jay College Library.
• Take detailed notes and track all citation details for APA formatting.

Step 3: Develop a Strong Thesis Statement

• Your thesis statement should clearly define the main argument or perspective of your paper.
• Example: “Community policing enhances the effectiveness of patrol officers by fostering public trust and improving crime prevention efforts.”

Step 4: Outline Your Paper

A well-structured outline will keep your paper organized:

1. Introduction

   • Provide background information on The Patrol Function.
   • Explain why the topic is significant.
   • Present your thesis statement.

2. Body Paragraphs (At Least 3 Sections)

   • Discuss key aspects of patrol operations (e.g., proactive vs. reactive policing, community policing, technology in patrol).
   • Support each argument with empirical evidence and case studies.
   • Cite sources using proper APA in-text citations.

3. Counterarguments & Refutations

   • Acknowledge differing perspectives on the topic.
   • Use research and data to counter these arguments effectively.

4. Conclusion

   • Summarize key findings.
   • Reinforce the significance of The Patrol Function in modern law enforcement.
   • Suggest areas for further research.

Step 5: Follow APA Formatting Guidelines

• Title page, abstract, and reference page are required.
• Use 12-pt Times New Roman, double-spacing, and 1-inch margins.
• Properly format in-text citations and the reference list following APA style.
• Utilize block quotes for excerpts longer than 40 words.

Step 6: Edit, Revise, and Proofread

• Check for grammar, structure, and clarity.
• Ensure all sources are properly cited to avoid plagiarism.
• Visit the John Jay Writing Center (Room 01.68 NB) for additional support.

By following this structured approach, you will efficiently complete your APA-formatted research paper while meeting all academic requirements. Start early and stay organized to ensure success!

What strategic and tactical lessons can be drawn from the anti-colonial groups active in the 1950s and 1960s?
How do you think these lessons have been applied by terrorist groups operating today? With what level of success?

Introduction
The anti-colonial movements of the 1950s and 1960s employed various strategic and tactical approaches to resist colonial rule. Many of these strategies have been studied and adapted by modern terrorist organizations. This paper explores the key lessons drawn from these anti-colonial groups, their adaptation by contemporary terrorist groups, and the effectiveness of these strategies in modern conflicts.

Key Lessons from Anti-Colonial Groups

1. Guerrilla Warfare and Asymmetrical Tactics

   • Many movements, such as the Algerian FLN (National Liberation Front) and the Viet Minh in Vietnam, used guerrilla tactics to counteract superior military forces.
   • They employed hit-and-run attacks, ambushes, and sabotage to disrupt colonial powers.

2. Political Mobilization and Ideological Framing

   • Successful anti-colonial movements framed their struggles as moral and just, rallying both local and international support.
   • They used propaganda, public speeches, and alliances with sympathetic governments or organizations.

3. Use of Urban Warfare and Targeted Attacks

   • Groups like the FLN in Algeria used urban terrorism, attacking symbols of colonial power while avoiding large-scale battles.

4. Adaptation to Repression

   • Many groups developed underground networks, using safe houses, secret communications, and coded messaging to survive counterinsurgency operations.

Application by Modern Terrorist Groups

1. Guerrilla Warfare and Small-Scale Attacks

   • Groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda have used decentralized, small-unit tactics similar to anti-colonial guerrilla strategies.
   • Lone-wolf attacks and insurgency-based warfare mimic historical resistance movements.

2. Propaganda and Recruitment Strategies

   • Just as anti-colonial groups used ideology to gain support, modern terrorist groups leverage social media and online platforms to recruit and spread their message.

3. Urban Terrorism and Asymmetrical Warfare

   • Terrorist groups use bombings, kidnappings, and targeted assassinations to create fear and disrupt societies.

4. Adaptation to Counterterrorism Measures

   • Similar to historical anti-colonial fighters, modern terrorists constantly shift tactics to evade surveillance and military crackdowns.

Effectiveness of These Strategies

• Some terrorist groups have gained temporary control over territories (e.g., ISIS in Iraq and Syria).
• Others have successfully radicalized and recruited members globally.
• However, state-led counterterrorism efforts have significantly weakened many groups, showing the limitations of these tactics over time.

Conclusion
While modern terrorist organizations have adopted many strategies from anti-colonial movements, their long-term effectiveness varies. Unlike anti-colonial groups that gained political legitimacy, most terrorist organizations face global condemnation and military resistance, making their success limited and unsustainable.

“Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!”

Step 1: Understanding the Assignment

• The prompt requires an analysis of historical anti-colonial movements and their influence on modern terrorist groups.
• You must identify specific strategies used in both contexts and evaluate their effectiveness.

Step 2: Research and Gathering Sources

• Use academic sources, historical documents, and case studies on anti-colonial movements.
• Explore reports and scholarly articles on modern terrorist groups.
• Recommended sources:
  • Books on guerrilla warfare (e.g., Mao Zedong’s On Guerrilla Warfare).
  • Articles from think tanks like RAND Corporation or the Council on Foreign Relations.
  • Government reports on counterterrorism.

Step 3: Structuring Your Paper

1. Introduction (1 Paragraph)

   • Briefly introduce anti-colonial movements of the 1950s-1960s.
   • State the thesis: How these movements influenced modern terrorist tactics.

2. Historical Analysis (2-3 Pages)

   • Discuss key anti-colonial movements (e.g., FLN, Viet Minh, Mau Mau Uprising).
   • Explain their strategies: guerrilla warfare, propaganda, urban terrorism.

3. Application to Modern Terrorist Groups (2-3 Pages)

   • Compare tactics used by Al-Qaeda, ISIS, and other groups.
   • Show similarities in their methods of warfare, recruitment, and adaptation.

4. Effectiveness and Limitations (1-2 Pages)

   • Assess how successful these groups have been.
   • Explain why anti-colonial movements achieved political legitimacy while terrorist groups often fail.

5. Conclusion (1 Paragraph)

   • Summarize key findings.
   • Provide a final thought on the future of terrorism based on historical lessons.

Step 4: Writing and Formatting

• Follow APA format: 12-pt Times New Roman, double-spaced, 1-inch margins.
• Cite all sources properly in-text and in a reference list.

Step 5: Proofreading and Finalizing

• Check for logical flow and coherence.
• Eliminate grammar and spelling mistakes.
• Ensure all citations are formatted correctly.

– demonstrate an understanding in chosen topic
– explain why the chosen borough is an appropriate case study
– identify at least 3 sources of data. This Incan be your own primary data

Topic 1:Reevaluating Parole and Probation Systems in the United States.
Topic 2:Youth Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System
Students are required to complete a typed Informative Essay about a substantial contemporary criminal justice issue that will be submitted as an assignment through the course homepage. The essay must be in MLA or APA format and be a minimum of four complete to six double spaced pages long (excluding title page and works cited page) and consist of at least five or six paragraphs including an introduction, body and closing paragraphs, with a works cited page attached. The essay must contain information from a minimum of three cited sources including but not limited to peer-reviewed articles, books and websites. At least one source must be a peer-reviewed article. Do not use Wikipedia as a source. The essay will be graded on content and a demonstration of investigative effort in developing and expressing the factual information on the issue. Do not merely write a paper about your opinion on a subject or individual.
3rd college student but 1 year in criminal justice
My abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the shortcomings of the parole and probation systems in the United States. As well as highlighting the potential risks they pose to communities, it also raises concerns about the justice for victims.There is a strong emphasis on the importance of exploring alternatives to traditional punishments for non-violent offenders, as well as addressing the high rates of relapse among these individuals. This paper examines statistics and studies that reveal the ineffectiveness and challenges facing parole and probation systems. Advocating for reevaluating and potentially reforming these systems in order to better protect communities and ensure justice for all.
Three sources have to be used and one has to be a peer review.
Same amount for each 4 full to 6 pages also needs a title and work cited page as well

For this assignment zoom links would be provided
Important Info

The order was placed through a short procedure (customer skipped some order details).
Please clarify some paper details before starting to work on the order.

Type of paper and subject
Number of sources and formatting style
Type of service (writing, rewriting, etc)

Part 1: In recent years, a common narrative has emerged that suggests our law enforcement agencies have adopted an increasingly ″militarized″ approach, particularly since the events of September 11th.
What are your thoughts on this issue? Do you perceive a shift towards more ″militarized″ practices in our police departments post-9/11? If so, why do you believe this? Conversely, if you disagree, what factors lead you to this conclusion? As you share your perspectives, please delve into the reasoning behind your stance. Provide at least three specific reasons to substantiate your argument.
Remember, our goal here is to foster an open, respectful exchange of ideas. Each of us might interpret the issue differently based on our unique experiences and understandings, and that′s perfectly okay. Let′s learn from each other!
Part 2: What does it mean when people say the police have an ″Impossible Mandate″? Are there tasks or responsibilities that the police are expected to carry out, but it seems impossible for them to always succeed? Could you name two specific roles or jobs of the police that you think are impossible to get 100% right all the time, and explain why you chose those? Provide specific examples.
Important Info

The order was placed through a short procedure (customer skipped some order details).
Please clarify some paper details before starting to work on the order.

Type of paper and subject
Number of sources and formatting style
Type of service (writing, rewriting, etc)