Category: Criminal Justice

please see attached file must be written in apa 7 ed graduate/doctoral format pro American conservative point of view should cite text twice and bible once

The Exclusionary Rule was formulated by the judiciary to protect person’s Constitutional Right against unreasonable searches and seizures. Discuss the landmark Supreme Court case, Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and its impact on state and local police operations. Discuss the limitations of the Exclusionary Rule.
Your opinion does not determine your grade. Your grade is determined by how well you support your argument utilizing the materials discussed in this program and the supporting materials you locate. What faculty do not want is a regurgitation of what is in a text or supporting materials. Expand on the materials, do not repeat them. Document your facts utilizing standard APA style. The paper is to be in APA format and the body of each paper is to be between 10 and 15 pages.
The body of the paper does not include the title page, table of contents, abstract, appendix, or references.
This is to be of high quality, free of spelling and grammatical errors, and of original work. .
Each paper will be structured in the following manner and consist of the following pages/sections:
Title page (not included towards page count)
Table of contents (not included towards page count)
Abstract (not included towards page count)
Introduction of topic/question
Discussion of current academic peer reviewed literature on the topic/question
Discussion of current application of the topic/question in the professional setting
Future implications
References (not included towards page count)
Appendix (if necessary and not included in page count)
Submissions will be processed by turnitin.com for originality automatically upon submission.

Background Information
For the past 11 months, the Virtual Police Department has applied a variety of investigative resources and strategies and is prepared to bring a number of criminal charges against the members of the Very Bad Bike Club. These started out as investigations of individual calls-for-service, complaints and criminal investigations. They merged into a collective effort as the pattern of activities and participants began to form. Based on the investigations, the department believes it has probable cause to arrest and charge nearly every one of the 63 VBBC members for conspiracy to manufacture illegal drugs, conspiracy to sell illegal drugs, and participation in a criminal enterprise. Additionally, numerous individual VBBC members can be charged with combinations of individual criminal violations, including possession of illegal drugs, illegal possession of firearms, robbery, attempted robbery, aggravated assault, and attempted murder. Despite the confidence the Chief of the VPD has in these cases, no information has been conveyed to the Office of the District Attorney nor has there been any involvement with the Grand Jury. As far as the Chief of the Police is concerned, this is the chance to destroy the VBBC once and for all.
The VBBC has plagued Virtual for over a decade. Efforts to stop criminal activity by members of the VBBC have been made almost exclusively by the police department, with little or no support from the rest of the Virtual criminal justice system. In the past, most criminal charges brought to the Virtual prosecutor’s office by police detectives have resulted in outright dismissal for lack of probable cause or plea-bargained agreements that reduce potential felony charges to misdemeanors with payable fines. There have been however, two prior instances of massive arrests of VBBC members. Approximately 7 years ago, raids resulted in the confiscation of drugs and weapons and the ultimate conviction of 12 VBBC members. Six of these members are on parole and still reside in Virtual; two others are currently in the county detention center awaiting trial for new criminal charges and four others are confined to the State prison near Virtual. A similar sweep three years ago produced nearly identical results. These sweeps appear to have been ineffective. In short, the VBBC has a network of members in jail, in prison, on parole in the community and free on the street. The current police investigation has affirmed that all of these VBBC members are in near constant communications with each other.
Robert “Buddy” Pole is the “president” of the VBBC. While currently on parole for manufacturing methamphetamine, Buddy Pole continues to orchestrate the criminal enterprise that is VBBC. Provisions of his parole agreement that prohibit association with known criminals have gone unenforced. Robert Pole, Jr, (a.k.a. “Little Buddy” or “Bud Lite”) is currently in the Virtual Detention Center awaiting trial for carrying a concealed weapon. He seems to be in no hurry to make the affordable bail. Jail officials believe he is trying to organize a drug network within the jail. Two Detention Center correctional officers were recently disciplined for attempting to smuggle cell phones into the lock-up. It is believed they were destined for Little Buddy’s use. The youngest member of the Pole family is Patricia (a.k.a. “Tripper”). A chronic truant and troublemaker in school, Tripper was suspected of providing marijuana to her junior high school classmates and has continued the practice in high school. At age 19 and legally an adult, she is just about to complete her senior year of high school. Tripper’s collections of miscreant friends, most of whom are VBBC members or “wannabes”, congregate regularly around the Virtual Mall and commercial centers. Her boyfriend, John Henry Maxwell applied for a job as a Dunbar Security Force officer but was rejected because of his record.
In order to rid the city of Virtual of this criminal gang, Virtual Police Department Chief Clayton Moore called upon his criminal justice partners:
* The head of the Virtual Police Department VBBC task force, Captain Jay Silverheels
* The chief criminal prosecutor from the Office of the District Attorney, Raymond Burr
* The Security Chief of the state correctional facility, Major Allen Irongates
* The District Supervisor for the state department of parole, Martha Street
* The Operations Director of the Virtual Security Force, James Dunbar
The Virtual Security Force, a private security company hired by the Virtual Commercial Merchants Association to provide security personnel, equipment, etc. to supplement the resources of the Virtual Police Department in designated business and commercial areas of the city. VSF personnel hold special police commissions, have arrest authority on the property of their clients and may or may not be armed depending on their assignment and qualifications.
At their initial meeting, Chief Moore made it clear to these partners that they had a single goal, to end the reign of terror emanating from the VBBC and victimizing Virtual’s citizens. Clearly if there was any hope of success, each criminal justice partner has to do their part for the collective good of all. The Chief’s remarks were met with wholesale agreement. It was decided the Virtual Criminal Justice Alliance would attack the VBBC on two levels (1) the pursuit of the current police investigations and prosecutions, and (2) a strategic plan to work collaboratively to reduce crime in Virtual. When the initial meeting adjourned, Chief Moore had designated Captain Siverheels as his delegate. He was not sure, however, that every agency representative in the room felt his level of commitment or truly understood the consequences of failure. He was also curious as to what resources each “partner” was willing to bring to this operation and what would be held back.
Major Irongate has her own issues with VBBC. Their presence in the state prison has settled down what had previously been a powder keg of gang-related unrest. VBBC has become the dominate force in the prison. John “Jacky” Pole has been able to get the warring national/international gang members in the prison to suspend their violence and focus on drug-related profits. With tensions simmering just below the surface, Irongate knows the self-serving truce may be short lived. Major Irongate was also asked to represent the Virtual Detention Center. This facility holds arrestees awaiting a bail hearing, denied bail prior to trial or in transitional housing from the state prison to attend court. The jail also holds offenders serving short sentences for convictions on misdemeanor charges. Nearly all of the prison’s inmate population came through the Detention Center and may return there to be available for court appearances. Major Irongate is convinced that these “traveling” inmates are being used as “mules” for drugs and contraband cell phones.
Of the persons assembled by Chief Moore, only Dunbar represents a commercial, profit-driven agency. Simply put, these profits are the difference between the costs for the security provided and the fees Dunbar charges. Dunbar is eager to demonstrate a successful partnership with VPD and the Virtual Commercial Merchants’ Association as a stepping-stone to contracts with larger jurisdictions. In any case, Dunbar’s primary motivation is to make money.
Raymond Burr would applaud Chief Moore’s plan if he could, but as a pragmatist, he feels that this is a waste of time. He understands, if no one else at the table does, that plea bargaining is to only way the criminal justice system can do business. He has also warned the chief before that his detectives need additional training on establishing probable cause, proper interrogation procedures, appropriate charging, etc. If the VPD could get its act together he would love to prosecute a good solid case against the VBBC, but prosecuting a “looser” case will not solve the problem or help his own political ambitions.
ASSIGNMENT 1
Please read the Criminal Justice Virtual Alliance background (above) prior to beginning your assignment.  Note that this background information will be used for each assignment in this course.  Also note that the role that you are assigned (according to the first letter of your last name) is the role that you are assigned for the entire course assignment.
Assignment 1 – Agency Description 
This assignment is based on one of the following criminal justice components (select the component that corresponds to the first letter of your last name). In each assignment in this course, it will be from the perspective of this role that you will be expected to address each part of the assignment.  
My last name starts with A.
* Law Enforcement (Last name begins with: A- E)
* Courts (Last name begins with: F-J)
* Institution-Based Corrections (Last name begins with K- O)
* Community-Based Corrections (i.e., Parole/Probation) (Last name begins with P-T)
* Private Security (Last name begins with U-Z)
Note: Within your assigned role provided above, you may take on a role within that broad category.  For example, if you have a law enforcement role, you may take on the role of the Captain, squad, shift or precinct commander, etc… Whatever specific role you choose in the broader category which you have been assigned (above) is the role that you will take throughout assignments 1-3  in this course. Students are encouraged to (reasonably) embellish on the character of the person they are assigned and play that role to the fullest. Keep in mind the role’s span of control and from whom else in the component you might need to gain support from to accomplish your goal(s).
Directions:  For this assignment you are to write a paper addressing the following:
* Describe the primary role(s) and function(s) of your component
* Differentiate and discuss your component’s role and function from the other components (listed above)
* Evaluate and discuss the inter- relatedness and inter- connectedness of the components (listed above) and how each of them plays a role in the management of the administration of justice within the Criminal Justice system.
Format Directions: 
* Paper must be double spaced, 11 or 12 pt font and 1”margins all around.
* All APA 7th edition format requirements must be followed (cover page, in text citations, reference page). Refer to the APA information found in Content -> Course Overview -> Course Resources.
* You must have resources to support your thoughts/opinions/information.  These must be cited both in text as well as at the end of the document. Your paper should not contain direct quotes, sourced material must be paraphrased.

The Exclusionary Rule was formulated by the judiciary to protect person’s Constitutional Right against unreasonable searches and seizures. Discuss the landmark Supreme Court case, Mapp v. Ohio (1961), and its impact on state and local police operations. Discuss the limitations of the Exclusionary Rule.
Your opinion does not determine your grade. Your grade is determined by how well you support your argument utilizing the materials discussed in this program and the supporting materials you locate. What faculty do not want is a regurgitation of what is in a text or supporting materials. Expand on the materials, do not repeat them. Document your facts utilizing standard APA style. The paper is to be in APA format and the body of each paper is to be between 10 and 15 pages.
The body of the paper does not include the title page, table of contents, abstract, appendix, or references.
This is to be of high quality, free of spelling and grammatical errors, and of original work. .
Each paper will be structured in the following manner and consist of the following pages/sections:
Title page (not included towards page count)
Table of contents (not included towards page count)
Abstract (not included towards page count)
Introduction of topic/question
Discussion of current academic peer reviewed literature on the topic/question
Discussion of current application of the topic/question in the professional setting
Future implications
References (not included towards page count)
Appendix (if necessary and not included in page count)
Submissions will be processed by turnitin.com for originality automatically upon submission.

Background Information
For the past 11 months, the Virtual Police Department has applied a variety of investigative resources and strategies and is prepared to bring a number of criminal charges against the members of the Very Bad Bike Club. These started out as investigations of individual calls-for-service, complaints and criminal investigations. They merged into a collective effort as the pattern of activities and participants began to form. Based on the investigations, the department believes it has probable cause to arrest and charge nearly every one of the 63 VBBC members for conspiracy to manufacture illegal drugs, conspiracy to sell illegal drugs, and participation in a criminal enterprise. Additionally, numerous individual VBBC members can be charged with combinations of individual criminal violations, including possession of illegal drugs, illegal possession of firearms, robbery, attempted robbery, aggravated assault, and attempted murder. Despite the confidence the Chief of the VPD has in these cases, no information has been conveyed to the Office of the District Attorney nor has there been any involvement with the Grand Jury. As far as the Chief of the Police is concerned, this is the chance to destroy the VBBC once and for all.
The VBBC has plagued Virtual for over a decade. Efforts to stop criminal activity by members of the VBBC have been made almost exclusively by the police department, with little or no support from the rest of the Virtual criminal justice system. In the past, most criminal charges brought to the Virtual prosecutor’s office by police detectives have resulted in outright dismissal for lack of probable cause or plea-bargained agreements that reduce potential felony charges to misdemeanors with payable fines. There have been however, two prior instances of massive arrests of VBBC members. Approximately 7 years ago, raids resulted in the confiscation of drugs and weapons and the ultimate conviction of 12 VBBC members. Six of these members are on parole and still reside in Virtual; two others are currently in the county detention center awaiting trial for new criminal charges and four others are confined to the State prison near Virtual. A similar sweep three years ago produced nearly identical results. These sweeps appear to have been ineffective. In short, the VBBC has a network of members in jail, in prison, on parole in the community and free on the street. The current police investigation has affirmed that all of these VBBC members are in near constant communications with each other.
Robert “Buddy” Pole is the “president” of the VBBC. While currently on parole for manufacturing methamphetamine, Buddy Pole continues to orchestrate the criminal enterprise that is VBBC. Provisions of his parole agreement that prohibit association with known criminals have gone unenforced. Robert Pole, Jr, (a.k.a. “Little Buddy” or “Bud Lite”) is currently in the Virtual Detention Center awaiting trial for carrying a concealed weapon. He seems to be in no hurry to make the affordable bail. Jail officials believe he is trying to organize a drug network within the jail. Two Detention Center correctional officers were recently disciplined for attempting to smuggle cell phones into the lock-up. It is believed they were destined for Little Buddy’s use. The youngest member of the Pole family is Patricia (a.k.a. “Tripper”). A chronic truant and troublemaker in school, Tripper was suspected of providing marijuana to her junior high school classmates and has continued the practice in high school. At age 19 and legally an adult, she is just about to complete her senior year of high school. Tripper’s collections of miscreant friends, most of whom are VBBC members or “wannabes”, congregate regularly around the Virtual Mall and commercial centers. Her boyfriend, John Henry Maxwell applied for a job as a Dunbar Security Force officer but was rejected because of his record.
In order to rid the city of Virtual of this criminal gang, Virtual Police Department Chief Clayton Moore called upon his criminal justice partners:
* The head of the Virtual Police Department VBBC task force, Captain Jay Silverheels
* The chief criminal prosecutor from the Office of the District Attorney, Raymond Burr
* The Security Chief of the state correctional facility, Major Allen Irongates
* The District Supervisor for the state department of parole, Martha Street
* The Operations Director of the Virtual Security Force, James Dunbar
The Virtual Security Force, a private security company hired by the Virtual Commercial Merchants Association to provide security personnel, equipment, etc. to supplement the resources of the Virtual Police Department in designated business and commercial areas of the city. VSF personnel hold special police commissions, have arrest authority on the property of their clients and may or may not be armed depending on their assignment and qualifications.
At their initial meeting, Chief Moore made it clear to these partners that they had a single goal, to end the reign of terror emanating from the VBBC and victimizing Virtual’s citizens. Clearly if there was any hope of success, each criminal justice partner has to do their part for the collective good of all. The Chief’s remarks were met with wholesale agreement. It was decided the Virtual Criminal Justice Alliance would attack the VBBC on two levels (1) the pursuit of the current police investigations and prosecutions, and (2) a strategic plan to work collaboratively to reduce crime in Virtual. When the initial meeting adjourned, Chief Moore had designated Captain Siverheels as his delegate. He was not sure, however, that every agency representative in the room felt his level of commitment or truly understood the consequences of failure. He was also curious as to what resources each “partner” was willing to bring to this operation and what would be held back.
Major Irongate has her own issues with VBBC. Their presence in the state prison has settled down what had previously been a powder keg of gang-related unrest. VBBC has become the dominate force in the prison. John “Jacky” Pole has been able to get the warring national/international gang members in the prison to suspend their violence and focus on drug-related profits. With tensions simmering just below the surface, Irongate knows the self-serving truce may be short lived. Major Irongate was also asked to represent the Virtual Detention Center. This facility holds arrestees awaiting a bail hearing, denied bail prior to trial or in transitional housing from the state prison to attend court. The jail also holds offenders serving short sentences for convictions on misdemeanor charges. Nearly all of the prison’s inmate population came through the Detention Center and may return there to be available for court appearances. Major Irongate is convinced that these “traveling” inmates are being used as “mules” for drugs and contraband cell phones.
Of the persons assembled by Chief Moore, only Dunbar represents a commercial, profit-driven agency. Simply put, these profits are the difference between the costs for the security provided and the fees Dunbar charges. Dunbar is eager to demonstrate a successful partnership with VPD and the Virtual Commercial Merchants’ Association as a stepping-stone to contracts with larger jurisdictions. In any case, Dunbar’s primary motivation is to make money.
Raymond Burr would applaud Chief Moore’s plan if he could, but as a pragmatist, he feels that this is a waste of time. He understands, if no one else at the table does, that plea bargaining is to only way the criminal justice system can do business. He has also warned the chief before that his detectives need additional training on establishing probable cause, proper interrogation procedures, appropriate charging, etc. If the VPD could get its act together he would love to prosecute a good solid case against the VBBC, but prosecuting a “looser” case will not solve the problem or help his own political ambitions.
ASSIGNMENT 1
Please read the Criminal Justice Virtual Alliance background (above) prior to beginning your assignment.  Note that this background information will be used for each assignment in this course.  Also note that the role that you are assigned (according to the first letter of your last name) is the role that you are assigned for the entire course assignment.
Assignment 1 – Agency Description 
This assignment is based on one of the following criminal justice components (select the component that corresponds to the first letter of your last name). In each assignment in this course, it will be from the perspective of this role that you will be expected to address each part of the assignment.  
My last name starts with A.
* Law Enforcement (Last name begins with: A- E)
* Courts (Last name begins with: F-J)
* Institution-Based Corrections (Last name begins with K- O)
* Community-Based Corrections (i.e., Parole/Probation) (Last name begins with P-T)
* Private Security (Last name begins with U-Z)
Note: Within your assigned role provided above, you may take on a role within that broad category.  For example, if you have a law enforcement role, you may take on the role of the Captain, squad, shift or precinct commander, etc… Whatever specific role you choose in the broader category which you have been assigned (above) is the role that you will take throughout assignments 1-3  in this course. Students are encouraged to (reasonably) embellish on the character of the person they are assigned and play that role to the fullest. Keep in mind the role’s span of control and from whom else in the component you might need to gain support from to accomplish your goal(s).
Directions:  For this assignment you are to write a paper addressing the following:
* Describe the primary role(s) and function(s) of your component
* Differentiate and discuss your component’s role and function from the other components (listed above)
* Evaluate and discuss the inter- relatedness and inter- connectedness of the components (listed above) and how each of them plays a role in the management of the administration of justice within the Criminal Justice system.
Format Directions: 
* Paper must be double spaced, 11 or 12 pt font and 1”margins all around.
* All APA 7th edition format requirements must be followed (cover page, in text citations, reference page). Refer to the APA information found in Content -> Course Overview -> Course Resources.
* You must have resources to support your thoughts/opinions/information.  These must be cited both in text as well as at the end of the document. Your paper should not contain direct quotes, sourced material must be paraphrased.

This assignment is meant to be formal in nature. This means that I am reviewing to ensure that you have thoughtfully completed the assignment by reading the required course material, viewing the supplementary materials, and substantively addressing each of the discussion questions below by drawing connections to course materials where relevant. Do not include direct quotes.
Step 1: Post your response to the following:
Look through the African American’s Policy Forum’s (AAPF) original #SayHerName ReporLinks to an external site., which expands the existing public discourse and advocacy to discuss the contours of Black women’s vulnerability to state violence. Page 32 under Resources there are eleven questions posed. Choose one question and create a SINGLE slide PPT presentation to illustrate your response while highlighting #SayHerName with resources and links to AAPF to educate others and encourage awareness
Drawing from course material, create a single slide PPT presentation to depict your response to the above.
Discuss your response by clearly and directly addressing the above prompt. In doing so, you are encouraged to be as creative as possible. For example, integrate a textbox, images, links, etc. There should be more than words on the slide.
To be clear, your response should include information from the course materials for support throughout.
Upload your slide to the discussion board.
GUIDELINES
Draw from the readings and other course content to answer question, reflecting on the prompt. To be clear, response must include course material to support opinions, ideas, and claims.
There is no minimum or maximum required word limit. Superficial or surface-level responses will result in a loss of points. You are required to address all parts of the prompt, and use proper APA citation style. Review APA In-Text and reference citations here: APA In-Text Citations.
Demonstrate written communication skills by using complete paragraphs, accurate grammar, and proper mechanics.
Essentially, all you’re doing is making a single slide of a Google Slides PowerPoint. and following the prompt above. PLEASE USE GOOGLE SLIDES. I have provided course readings in the File and below. ONLY USE PROVIDED SOURCES AS SOURCES PLEASE AND NO DIRECT QUOTES. CITE IN APA FORMAT.
SOURCES
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/…
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/20/us/…

Database

1. M1 Perusall Article 1: How AI technology is helping solve crime
2.M1 SPSS Assignment: install and intro
3. M1 perusall interview: Loren Atherly
4. M1 Perusall Article 2: Policing Drones are on the Rise, but Can They Share Information Fast Enough?

Identify a current problem in criminal justice and propose a new policy or program to address it. Provide a thesis and abstract with a summary of the proposed policy or program. How does it fit the definition of a program or policy? What is the specific need for it?
Your thesis statement should consist of a sentence or two that identifies the problem; the abstract is a follow-up paragraph or two that briefly describes your proposed program or policy and the desired outcome. Remember to include why this is a program or policy and the need for planned change.
It is important to be very direct and specific in presenting your planned program. The narrower your focus, the easier time you will have with the ensuing papers, in which you will work on drafting your policy or program. While you will have the opportunity to make adjustments in future weeks, it is important to use the guidance in the assigned Introduction to help you formulate your thesis and abstract. Review the stage requirements you will be required to do each week for planning purposes. The introduction to the Welsh and Harris text provides a good discussion of the seven-stage model of planned change for a new criminal justice program or policy. The checklist for each stage can be found in the appendix of the text.

Assignment Overview:
write a paragraph based on that week’s content. Since everyone’s content will be different, you will need to choose an appropriate topic . Below are some suggested topics to choose from, but you can alter them to fit your case, or choose your own. In each case, begin your post by stating the question you are answering.
https://features.apmreports.org/in-the-dark/season…
do for FORTH episode.
Possible discussion post prompts:
(select as appropriate to your media)
What contributing factors are involved in your case? Explain.
What are the legal issues raised by your case?
Was there a police investigation in your case? If so, explain how it served justice or failed to serve justice.
Did a prosecutor play an important role in your case? If so, explain their role.
Did a defense attorney play an important role in your case? If so, explain their role
Did someone get wrongly convicted in your case? If so, explain how that happened? What went wrong?
Did you case get too much or too little public attention? If so, explain how public attention helped or harmed the cause of justice.
Did the media play in a role in your case? If so, explain how the media helped or harmed the cause of justice.
Was there an attempt to use the court system to bring about justice in your case? If so, explain how that went well or badly and why.
Was justice served in the end? If so, explain how that happened. If not, explain why it didn’t.
What were the consequences of your miscarriage of justice on the people involved? Consider all the people affected, not just your “main character.”
Was your chosen media a fair and unbiased reporting of your case? Why or why not? Could it have been fairer and still gotten public attention?
What sources were the media creators able to use to tell the story of your case? How did they obtain them? Were there any sources they not able to obtain? Why not?

Under what circumstances, if any, should a democratic state censor media reporting about terrorism? Please explain why and support your responses with detailed practical examples.