Category: Criminal Justice

Required Text:
Terrorism and Homeland Security, 9th Edition by Jonathan R. White, Cengage Publishing.
For this activity you will read chapter 3 and complete a chapter summary. Your chapter summary must be very detail when discussing the substantive issue/arguments. Please Do Not use the chapter summary at the end of the chapter. Please discuss the following:
(1) The topic of reading and Chapter Summary
(2) List and discuss at least five substantive issues/arguments presented in the chapter.
(3) What is/was not clear to you – please identify the page.
(4) What made you think and why?

Topic: Affecting Change
Directions: The traditional model of child protective services system based on a welfare worker responding to an allegation of abuse is not adequately safeguarding our children. As a member of your local community concerned about the welfare of the children in your community, write a ten page paper including at least 10 references from peer-reviewed journals or other scholarly works, detailing how the current status of child protective services in your community might be improved through establishment of community partnerships.

Overview
In this assignment, you will analyze technological tools, their positive and negative impacts, the policies that govern them, and their scope of use. It’s important to take all of these considerations into account before implementing new tools in your agency.
Prompt
In this module you have explored the influence of technology on criminal investigations. You have also previously examined the pros and cons of tool usage and the policies that govern them. You will now bring these concepts together to complete your Module Four assignment. This application of knowledge will help you prepare for Project Two in Module Six, where you will create a new technology pitch for a law enforcement agency.
First, select three tools you have been exposed to in this course and identify what they are and how they work.
Next, describe the positive impacts of using each tool.Consider positive impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
Then, describe the negative impacts of using each tool.Consider negative impacts related to law enforcement, criminal investigations, and the community perspective.
Finally, describe any policies or laws that currently exist to govern the use of each tool.Are there any policies or laws that you think should be added to what currently exists?
Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed:
Select three tools and identify what they are and how they work.
Describe the positive impacts of using each tool.
Describe the negative impacts of using each tool.
Describe laws and policies for each tool that govern or should govern their scope of use.
What to Submit
This assignment must be completed using the Module Four Assignment Template Word Document. Any references should be cited in APA style.

Write a 2-page paper (not including the Title page or your References) overview paper (double-spaced, 1” margins, 12 pt. Times New Roman font) on Biosocial Theory. The paper must contain the following sections:
Overview of the selected theory (i.e. main developer(s) of the theory, historical evolution of the theory, main assumptions of the theory, and what criminological school the theory falls under).
Theory relevance in current crime prevention strategies
Strengths and weaknesses of the theory
Policy Implications connected to the theory
Summarize critical insight

The book that is being used for this assignment is Criminal Evidence by John L. Worrall. Please follow the instructions that I have provided for you. Follow it carefully. If you have any questions or any confusion please reach out to me. Please cite.

Students are required to complete a 15-20 page paper on Anderson’s (1999) book entitled Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City published by W.W. Norton and Company.
Requirements
Introductory paragraph—every paper needs an introduction. In this paragraph you should introduce the purpose of the paper (i.e., state your topic and theories under consideration) and provide the reader with an overview of the paper (i.e., a roadmap).
Summarize the key issues in the text—students may choose to summarize the text by selecting important issues in each chapter while others may choose to summarize key themes that appear throughout the text. The idea is for me to know that you read the entire book & that you understand the important points. Keep this section of your paper brief (no more than 50% of the paper). This will seem difficult, so I suggest that you begin early and revise often.
Critically discuss two criminological theories & pick the theory you prefer—students should select two criminological theories to explain behaviors discussed in the Code of the Street.
Each theory should be thoroughly summarized (e.g., all concepts, propositions, etc.) and followed by an example(s) from the Anderson’s text.
Do not merely insert an example into your discussion….you must also EXPLAIN why this is a good example for your selected theory.
The occasional use of short quotations to demonstrate a point is fine but do not overuse quotations to fill up your paper.
At the end of the paper, you should critically discuss which of your two selected theories offers the best explanation for the behaviors discussed in the Anderson’s book.
The critical discussion section of the paper should comprise at least 50% of the paper.
Concluding paragraph—do not abruptly end your paper once you complete the minimum number of pages. Your conclusion should quickly review the major points highlighted in the paper and leave the reader with closure.
Appropriate references—you should support your discussion with citations (e.g., course readings, academic journals, books, internet resources, etc.).
Format
APA format is mandatory.
The format of the paper should: (1) be double-spaced; (2) use Times Roman 12 point black font; (3) have page numbers; (4) use proper grammar; (5) have a title page; (6) have an introduction and conclusion; (7) have proper in text citations (i.e., Shelley, 2008); (8) have a reference page; (9) have 1-inch margins; and (10) consist of at least 15-20 pages of text.
A paper that deviates from these format requirements will receive a lower grade.
Generative AI and Large Language Models
AI tools are NOT part of the learning experience in this course and students will NOT use AI tools for class preparation, assignments, exams. Use of AI for course activities will be treated as an act of academic dishonesty. You are graduate students learning to become independent scholars and subject matter experts. Independent scholars/experts learn how to retain, synthesize, and utilize information on their own rather than relying on AI as a crutch. Use of AI will be treated in the same manner as plagiarism (see below) and will result in a failing grade on the assignment and possible failure in the course entirely.

Pointers for Research Proposal:
Your proposed research should bear on issues pertaining to crime and criminal justice, broadly understood. This would include research into the causes of crime, the predictors of attitudes or opinions about crime and criminal Justice held by members of the public, the predictors of outcomes at various stages of the criminal justice process (e.g., arrest vs. no arrest, conviction vs. acquittal, etc.), or the social factors responsible for the development and operation of alternatives to the standard criminal justice system (e.g., drug rehab programs, anger management therapy, etc).
You should choose a topic for your proposal that really interests you..
The project you propose should be practical and realistic. It should be a project that you could actually do with the resources available to you. So, no research that would be expensive to conduct, require very large sample sizes, involve access to people and places off limits to you, call for fluency in a language you do not speak, necessitate long-distance travel, etc.
Every proposed project needs to include at least one dependent variable (something you are trying to explain), one or more independent variables (things you think can help explain the dependent variable), one or more clearly-stated hypotheses, and a method through which data will be gathered. I strongly encourage people to select one research method for their proposed research rather than propose multi-method studies.
The choice of methods includes questionnaires and interviews, but also ethnographic research (where people study groups to which they belong through participant observation), direct observation (where people watch and listen to the behavior of others that is observable to them without any interaction), content analysis (where a sample of items with written, oral, or visual content, like films, news broadcasts, or novels, is studied for patterns and associations with social factors), and cross-cultural research (in which a sample of diverse societies is examined for similarities and differences and principles that can explain them. Please consider all possible research methods before deciding on the one you will propose
This statement only needs to be a paragraph or two in length. It should, however, include the following:
what your dependent variable will be (i.e., what your research will try to explain);
what your independent variable(s) will be (I.e., what social factor or factors you think can explain your dependent variable, and that you will include in your proposed study;
what hypothesis or hypotheses you will be testing in your proposed research; and
how and where you will propose gathering your data.
You should plan to propose using just one method in your study, as opposed to multiple methods, since this will lead to a more manageable plan and will simplify preparing the proposal.
Many of you will propose using anonymous questionnaires in your research, which is great, but you do not have to do that. Other methods to consider include face-to-face interviews; direct observation, where you watch events unfold but do not participate in them; content analysis, where you record information from a sample of films, novels, news broadcasts, newspapers, magazines, or song lyrics; cross-cultural research, where you select a sample of diverse cultures and use written material about them to retrieve information in which you are interested; and participant observation — the “ethnographic method” — in which you observe behavior and interact with people in a group to which you yourself belong.
This is the first part. I will use you as the writer for the research paper as well.

Introduction
The Incident Response Life Cycle begins with Preparation and moves to the process of Detection & Analysis and Containment Eradication & Recovery. It concludes with Post-Incident Activity.
This assignment involves the three common incident response scenarios. For the threat featured in each scenario, outline three ways that you would protect against the threat, three ways that you would use to detect the threat, and three ways for responding to the threat.
Instructions
Scenario 1: Insider Threat
One of the hardest attacks to mitigate is the attack executed by an insider who has the authorization to take advantage of the rights and privileges bestowed upon the user within the organization. These attacks of opportunity can cause serious damage. One employee that is intent on harming the organization or commits an act of carelessness can leave an organization defenseless.
Please write a paragraph on each of the following (for a total of three paragraphs):
Protect: Three ways to protect your organization from an insider threat.
Detect: Three ways to detect the threat within your organization such as IoCs.
Respond: Three ways to respond to the threat based on the Incident Response Life Cycles.
Scenario 2: Security Gaps
Motivated offenders use a myriad of tools, tactics, and techniques to target organizations through numerous vectors. An environment that does not routinely validate its security posture, policies, and procedures can allow the attackers unauthorized entry into your network. All it takes is one asset within your organization that has been overlooked and it can create a conduit into your network that can cause data compromise.
Please write a paragraph on each of the following (for a total of three paragraphs):
Protect: Three ways to protect your organization from the threat of malware.
Detect: Three ways to detect the threat.
Respond: Three ways to respond to the threat based on the Incident Response Life Cycle.
Scenario 3: DDoS
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are still a major concern within an organization as they can be leveraged to cause a diversion while data exfiltration takes place in another part of your network. The attacks are designed to overwhelm system resources while not allowing legitimate traffic within the network. These attacks can change their signatures and can be executed within varying levels of sophistication and hence the reason for the concern.
Please write a paragraph on each of the following (for a total of three paragraphs):
Protect: Three ways to protect your organization from the threat.
Detect: Three ways to detect the threat within your organization such as IoCs.
Respond: Three ways to respond to the threat based on the Incident Response Life Cycle.

The required textbook chapters and the Ethics: What is right? video provides a number of definitions for the term ethics and multiple theories about moral conduct (Warmerdam & Garcia, 2004). Based upon your own professional experience, create your own, personal working definition of ethics, and explain the significance that ethics have in your daily life (i.e., work and/or life outside of work). Your definition should include the consequences you have observed or experienced for violations of your fundamental definition of ethics (i.e., consequences to you or to others).
Book resource:
Banks, C. (2016). Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice (4th ed.). Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu

Chapter 12:
The Greenfield Police Department has changed its mission statement to reflect the city’s current service needs. The new mission emphasizes community-based, problem-solving policing. As the new police chief, you have reviewed the performance of the different units within the department. The detective unit is primarily reactionary and investigates crime reports taken by the patrol unit. Detectives also conduct frequent prostitution stings at a local hotel, for which they have received several commendations. Records for the previous five years indicate no citizen complaints regarding prostitution. The only reports of prostitution were generated during the sting operations. The arrested prostitutes all worked for outcall services in other cities and traveled more than 20 miles to reach the hotel where they were arrested.
The patrol division devotes most of its time to preventive patrolling. They have an excellent response time to emergency calls. Patrol officers have been evaluated by the number of arrests they make and the number of tags they issue. Officer Swanson, a patrol officer for 20 years, has never received a service award. He has received several poor evaluations for spending too much time on calls and not writing enough tags. Officer Swanson knows everyone in town and often stops to chat at local businesses. He sometimes takes long coffee breaks at the senior citizens’ home and has been seen dropping kids off at school. Citizens often specifically ask dispatch to send Officer Swanson to assist them. Although he receives consistently low evaluations from his supervisors, his file is packed with positive letters from citizens.
Answer the following questions:
1. Is it possible for officers to do an excellent job at the tasks they are assigned and be unproductive?
2. Do you recognize a potential problem with the detectives’ emphasis on prostitution stings?
3. Is it possible that Officer Swanson may be more productive than his supervisors realize?
Chapter 13:
Captain Jones is responsible for preparing the budget for the Greenfield Police Department. The new chief has asked her to review the entire budget and find long-term and short-term cost reductions. He wants to shift some resources to community policing projects and would like to create an undercover drug unit. He encourages her to be creative and bold because he does not anticipate any increases in the budget during the next few years.
The Greenfield Police Department is a medium-sized suburban department. Three neighboring cities have comparable departments performing similar functions. Each of the four departments has its own booking and short-term holding facility and its own dispatch center. The county sheriff’s department operates a detention center for felons and long-term prisoners. Arresting officers transport their prisoners to the county facility and are often out of service for several hours during this process.
Each city has its own SWAT team. The teams’ equipment was purchased through a federal grant, but the personnel costs are each department’s responsibility. The teams train frequently, but the cities do not often have incidents that require a SWAT response.
The county sheriff’s department also has a SWAT team that responds when requested by local police departments. None of the departments has an undercover drug unit. They refer drug cases to state and federal agencies, but those agencies are often too busy for a timely response.
A review of the Greenfield Police Department activity logs reveals that officers spend considerable time standing by for vehicle tows, directing traffic at civic functions, and delivering documents to city council members.
Answer the following questions:
1. How should Captain Jones begin the process of preparing a new budget?
2. Assuming that the Greenfield officers are still relying on preventive patrol, how could a change in strategy benefit the budget?
3. What other sources of creative funding may be available to support a drug unit?
Chapter 14:
The Greenfield Police Department requires performance appraisals at the end of each year. The appraisals use a numerical scale to evaluate several broad areas of performance. Categories include knowledge of policies, dependability, and productivity. The appraisal forms provide room for optional narratives to explain numeric scores. Supervisors conduct appraisal interviews with their officers before forwarding the appraisals to the appropriate manager.
Detective Sergeant Bilko supervises 10 detectives. His detectives consider him a nice guy and a hard worker who often assists them with their cases. Sergeant Bilko is a fishing buddy of several of his detectives.
Detective Quick is one of the most talented detectives in the entire county. He takes on the most difficult and complex cases with a remarkable success rate. He is well-liked in the community and by fellow officers. He is a credit to the department. Detective Delay does not make nearly the contribution that Detective Quick makes. He spends a good deal of time in several local coffee shops, and his fellow officers often say he missed his calling as a talk show host. Detective Delay is popular and entertaining, but not a great detective. He is usually assigned simple cases and often needs prodding to turn his cases in on time.
Sergeant Bilko asks his detectives to complete their own performance appraisal forms before their appraisal interview. He reviews the forms with them during the interviews and seldom questions the ratings. Every year his detectives all receive nearly identical above-average scores. Detective Quick’s performance appraisal score is indistinguishable from Detective Delay’s.
Answer the following questions:
1. Sergeant Bilko is obviously doing an ineffective job of evaluating his detectives’ performance. Is this a disservice to his detectives?
2. Are performance appraisals inherently more difficult for line supervisors like Sergeant Bilko?
3. Does Detective Delay have a defense against any action the department may take against him for performance deficiencies?
Chapter 15:
Your first year as the police chief of the Greenfield Police Department has been a resounding success. When you arrived the department was a traditional crime-fighting organization with a military command structure. Now the department is well on its way to implementing a community policing strategy and a participative management structure. You are confident the department’s mission is in line with the current needs of the Greenfield community.
You cross your feet on your desk; clasp your hands behind your head; and take a deep, relaxing breath. You are proud of your leadership and the department’s accomplishments. But then, a troubling thought creeps into your head. What if community policing and participative management are outdated in ten years? Will the next chief look back at you and wonder why you were entrenched in an antiquated paradigm of policing? Will you be the next generation’s Chief Slaughter?
You want to be remembered as an innovator on the cutting edge of modern policing. You sit up in your chair and pull out a notepad. You write across the top, “My Ten Year Plan.”
Answer the following questions:
1. Should police leaders plan to make major changes in policing strategies every ten years?
2. Anticipate some major changes in the population that will affect American policing in the near future.
3. What traits come to mind when you envision a police leader of the future?
Please separate by chapter and by question and answer.
Login details will be available for the assigned writer.
login and sign in with given username and password. Then go to courses and select Organizational Development. Then select modules. Then scroll down to session 4. Then review chapter 12-15 if needed to answer the questions above.