Category: Criminal Justice

All students will submit a 500-word reflection paper, using paragraph or bullet point formatting, for each group presentation, for a total of six pages (1,500 words), not including the title and refences pages. As for your group’s presentation, you are to discuss the section (your contribution) that you presented on in your group presentation. This assignment will be uploaded to the Bratton Reflection Paper link within Blackboard.
You are to:
Follow APA (7th ed.) format,
Include a title page,
Use Times New Roman 12-point font,
Apply in-text citations,
Include a reference page,
Use double-spacing (including references),
Include page numbers,
Use APA formatted section headings.
Make sure to consider the following in your reflection:
Police Accountability
Police Transparency
Police Efficiency and Effectiveness
Reactive versus proactive policing
Police Accreditation
Collective Efficacy Theory
Procedural Justice Theory
Community Oriented Policing
Policies and Procedures
Police militarization

Primary Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 250–300 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.
For this Discussion Board, please complete the following:
When a crime impacts an individual, it is deemed a “crime against persons.” It is important to understand the concepts of assault and battery when it comes to crimes against persons. An assault is an attempt or threat to injure another person, while battery is the act of making contact with another person in a harmful or offensive manner (FindLaw, 2021). Review the following case briefs:
https://resources.careered.com/LCMSFileSharePreview/Resources/MSWordDocument/State v. Bolarinho Case Brief.docx?_gl=1*t07sen*_ga*NTUxMzM3MjEyLjE3MjgxNjQxODM.*_ga_PF30M1FV81*MTcyODI1MDg5OS4xMS4xLjE3MjgyNTA5NjcuMC4wLjA
https://resources.careered.com/LCMSFileSharePreview/Resources/MSWordDocument/State v. Flemming Case Brief.docx?_gl=1*t07sen*_ga*NTUxMzM3MjEyLjE3MjgxNjQxODM.*_ga_PF30M1FV81*MTcyODI1MDg5OS4xMS4xLjE3MjgyNTA5NjcuMC4wLjA
Using the case briefs, your readings, and this unit’s supporting materials, address the following include how you would use the rulings in the Bolarinho and Flemming cases to support your answers to these two questions:
• In your opinion is there any difference between assault and battery? Why do you believe the law stipulates a difference in the two crimes?
• In your opinion, what do you think makes an object a dangerous weapon?
• In your opinion is there any difference between assault and battery? Why do you believe the law stipulates a difference in the two crimes?
• In your opinion, what do you think makes an object a dangerous weapon?
Discussion Board Rubric
Application of Learning Material Content: Initial post demonstrates understanding of Learning Material content.
Application of Course Knowledge: Initial post contributes unique perspectives or insights gleaned from personal experience or examples from discipline.
DB Responses: Responds substantively to two posts. Responses encourage interaction in the Discussion Board and classroom community.
Organization: Initial post presents information logically and is clearly relevant to discussion topic.
Professional Language: Posts contain accurate grammar, spelling, and punctuation with few or no errors.

Research the history of “prison overcrowding” terminology in the literature and or policy.
Find recent authors critical of the term ‘prison over crowding’ and or the agendas with the term as the term has been used by others. Find authors critical of false agendas with prison overcrowding. For example, has efforts to reduce unnecessary imprisonment been used to force the rest of society to be overcrowded by killers? I do not need you to find cases or current events, only academic articles in scholarly journals discussing the history of the term “prison overcrowding” who are critical of how the term has been used.
In new York and other places across the country, many killers have been known to kill on camera then get off with probation, but all these things could count as forms of imprisonment possibly too. Imprisonment just not just have to refer to one kind of prison. But how has the “prison overcrowding” term been used according to critical authors in the literature of the focus with “prison overcrowding” as it has been used is what I need to locate in scholarly journals

total exam is worth 150 points
20 points- APA title page
20 points- APA reference page/ in text citation
150 points lost if plagiarized
40 points- staying on topic
10 points for multiple paragraphs/ not one big paragraph
20 points for page requirements
Crime Prevention as it relates the Chicago School.

**Attached are the instructions and grading rubric.**
Please note that the date “1/29/24” is a typo. You should select a crime that occurred between 8/29/24 and the date this order is completed.
Only key points should be included on the “speakers page.” I expect detailed and comprehensive information within the PowerPoint presentation as well. Please attach a video of the crime to one of the slides, but it should NOT be/have its own slide. I must be able to play the video.
The reference/source page is its own page.(Page 6)
The presentation should last between 5 to 10 minutes. Be creative, thorough, thought-provoking, and precise.

Please read the attached article then write a review of the article. The Paper should be 3 pages and include the following:
1. An Introduction
2. A brief overview of the theory
3. The main research question/research hypothesis.
4. Data used (population)
5. Important findings
6. Conclusions
7. How does this paper and findings promote/refute the relevant theory.

Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:
Analyze societal trends that are affecting the criminal justice system
Scenario
As an assistant in a research firm, you have been tasked to examine a societal trend that is impacting the criminal justice system. Your assignment is to choose one trend and to identify the impact on law enforcement, courts, correctional institutions, or probation/parole. Your research will include a brief description of the societal trend and why the trend is relevant to the field of criminal justice. You will describe any criminal justice and societal elements that may have contributed to the trend. Your research will also include how the criminal justice system has adapted to the trend and what outcomes the change in policies or practices has produced for these agencies. In the final section of your research, you will explain how the trend is affecting the general public.
Directions
In this assignment, you will first choose a societal trend to focus on. The trend should be one that has been covered throughout this course. Then, you will create a report for that trend. The following required elements should be included in your report:
Craft a brief description of a current societal trend in criminal justice. Include the following in your description:Describe the trend.
Explain why the trend is relevant to the field of criminal justice.
Describe elements in society that may contribute to the trend. Consider answering the following as part of your description:What cultural, political, and/or social factors may influence the trend, and how might they influence the trend?
Explain the relationship between the criminal justice system and the trend. Include the following in your explanation:Describe if and how elements of the criminal justice system may have contributed to the trend.In which area(s) of criminal justice (law enforcement, courts, correctional institutions, and/or parole/probation) are there elements that may have contributed to the trend, and how have they done so?
Describe how the criminal justice system has responded to the trend.
Which areas of criminal justice have responded to the trend, and how have they done so?
Explain how the trend affects the public. Include who is the most affected and how they are affected.
What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Societal Trend Report
Your submission should be a three- to four-page Word document with 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Any sources used should be cited according to APA style.

Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:
Describe technological tools that are used in criminal justice
Scenario
As a newly hired police officer, you have been tasked with explaining predictive policing at an upcoming community-based meeting. You will be writing a paper to prepare for your talk. You will share this example:
In a previous meeting, citizens in attendance discussed concerns regarding residential burglaries in their area. This live burglary crime map shows that there have reported burglaries that appear to be close in proximity. Using data-based crime mapping and predictive policing, police established a pattern. In addition to establishing a patter, the police discovered the following:
The seven burglaries have all been forced entries with rear doors pried open.
They have occurred between Monday and Friday during business hours while residents have been at work.
Fingerprints were lifted in four of the seven houses.
Using the data, the chief has directed officers to stay on proactive patrols in the area between 0830 and 1330 hours on weekdays.
Note: On the top left of the Burglary Crime Map page, underneath the “Based on Crimes – Map”, click on the small arrow at the end of the “this dataset reflects” statement to bring up more information that describes factors that may influence the accuracy of the map.
Directions
Using the information from the scenario, compose a paper that analyzes predictive policing by addressing the following:
Describe how predictive policing is demonstrated in the scenario above. In your description, be sure to address the following:What is predictive policing?
How do crime maps support predictive policing efforts?
What goals of predictive policing were achieved?
What types of data were used?
What factors were used to predict potential future criminal activities?
Describe additional tools of predictive policing available to law enforcement beyond what is demonstrated in this scenario. In your description, be sure to address the following:What additional tools are available to law enforcement?
How do they work?
What types of data do they generate?
What do they accomplish?
Describe the pros and cons of predictive policing. In your description, be sure to address the following:What are the pros for police agencies and their communities?
What are the cons for police agencies and their communities?
Identify other technology platforms available that could assist police during this investigation.Identify multiple types of technologies and how they could be used.
Describe any case law surrounding predictive policing relevant to the scenario. In your description, be sure to address the following:Where does case law limit the practice of predictive policing?
What concerns are raised in current lawsuits surrounding predictive policing?
Can bias be introduced into predictive policing?
What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Analyzing Predictive Policing Paper
Your paper should be 500 to 750 words in length using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and one-inch margins. Any sources should be cited according to APA style.

Introduction
Your organization is experiencing a data breach that has comprised systems internationally and you must pull together resources to effectively and efficiently return your organization to normal. Communication and centralization of efforts will be key. The wrong move can cost your company dearly or even can lead to the company being shut down due to regulatory fines, reputational damage, as well as lawsuits.
This is phase two of a multifaceted attack. In this assignment, you will learn during this exercise to actively respond to the scenario as if it were an actual attack and to interact with other functional areas that would also be impacted by the security incident.
The Scenario: OZCO Data Breach – INJECT
You now have what we call an “INJECT” into this scenario which throws a few wrinkles into it just as in the real world you cannot account for every move your attacker will make. An “INJECT” provides you with a changing environment and forces you to critically think about your next move and how to achieve the goal of returning your organization to normal operations.
You return to your laptop to now find demands that display on your computer screen below!
Warning the threat actor requests 35 bitcoins ($1,231,293.00) and sends a list of sample PII to validate this claim.

To further complicate matters, you have just gotten off a call with the VP of Marketing who has heard about the data breach and requests a full debriefing. You have approximately 24 hours to pull together a PowerPoint that states whether or not there has been a data breach, your reasons for your decision, and the actions you propose to return the organization to normal. Please see detailed instructions for your PowerPoint below.
Instructions
Your PowerPoint should consist of between 12 slides that address the scenario above. Please include your international locations when constructing your systems, plans, process, and procedures and address the following elements:
Preparation: What systems, plans, processes, and procedures should be in place to detect this threat?
Detection: What systems, plans, processes, and procedures will allow you to detect these threats more efficiently?
Containment: What systems, plans, processes, and procedures should be in place to contain the threat?
Eradication: What systems, plans, processes, and procedures should be in place to remove the threat?
Recovery: What systems, plans, processes, and procedures should be in place to return your organization to normal?
Follow-up: What did we do right? What did we do wrong? What can we do better?
In addition to the above, the PowerPoint should include slides that cover the following:
A mock call tree for the incident response team and their backups if they cannot be reached that includes backup response team members and their numbers.
Information on whether your global company policy will adhere to the extorted demands of the attacker requesting money. “Remember they have your data!” Why will you pay? Why not?
The scope, whether this incident classifies as a global data breach, what severity level has it reached (Critical, Medium, Low), your reasons for your decision, and the actions you propose to return the global organization to normal. Be mindful of possible third-party partners and external legal resources.
The gaps in the plan and how can they be addressed. Remember your company has international concerns!
Any missed questions from Phase I to allow you to experience constructing a more efficient global plan and process going forward to be leveraged in the next Preparation phase of the IRP revision.

Introduction
This is phase one of a multifaceted attack. In this assignment you will learn during this exercise to actively respond to the scenario as if it were an actual attack and to interact with other functional areas that would also be impacted by the security incident. You will be provided with an IR plan, and you will leverage the plan to successfully navigate the incident and answer questions pertaining to the scenario and how it interacts with the IR plan.
OZCO Data Breach of International Operational Data from within North America You work in cybersecurity for OZCO, a Fortune 500 biomedical company.
One Saturday morning another OZCO logs into the VPN utilizing their personal PC from home located in Wilmington, Delaware. The employee logs in utilizing their ADMIN rights into the HRIS Oracle database, which is a system that houses some of the most sensitive data in the company and provides a critical hub located in Canada that supports international operations from central locations around the world covering Japan, Mexico, Germany, Europe, and North Korea.
The employee notices a suspicious IP that was generated from a Nmap scan that they recently ran. The IP is identified as 81.169.181.179.
Several popups begin automatically opening on the employee’s laptop, and the system starts running slow.
The day before, the employee responded to an email that stated their Amazon Prime account was about to expire and they needed to renew their subscriiption via a link. The employee unknowingly was redirected to a mock Amazon site that resembled the actual Amazon site where the site downloaded malicious software onto their system creating a backdoor into the laptop.
The employee uses single sign-on for access to all OZCO systems.
The employee’s home PC has been infected with a key logger and a zero-day hack. Now the attacker has the employee’s login information as well as logins for several ADMIN accounts.
The attacker logs onto OZCO’s HRIS Oracle’s database and downloads international, operational, and sensitive data as well as North American customer PII. This action stops some critical services for all users.

The employee quickly disconnects the system from the network and unplugs the system losing all power. Canada, Japan, Mexico, Germany, Europe, and North Korea incident handlers from within OZCO are notified.
Instructions
Please download the following Word document listing the questions that you should answer in this assignment. The questions are divided into the following:
Understand the Incident’s Background
Define Communication Parameters
Assess the Incident’s Scope
Prepare for Next Incident Response Steps